The unemployment rate reached its peak of 20% in 2005. Since then, it has decreased to 7% in 2013, which is only slightly above the national average. The decrease is caused on the one hand by the emergence of new jobs and on the other by a marked decrease in the working-age population, caused by emigration and low birth rates for decades. The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria. Therefore, many Thuringians are working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters. Nevertheless, the demographic transition in Thuringia leads to a lack of workers in some sectors. External immigration into Thuringia has been encouraged by the government since about 2010 to counter this problem.

When did the unemployment rate of Thuringia peak?

20% in 2005

What is the current state of unemployment in Thuringia?

it has decreased to 7%

How do wages in Thuringia compare to their neighbors?

The wages in Thuringia are low compared to rich bordering Lands like Hesse and Bavaria.

What do many Thuringian workers do to earn better wages?

working in other German Lands and even in Austria and Switzerland as weekly commuters

What has lead to a lack of workers in some sectors?

demographic transition

When did the unemployment rate of Thuringia crash?

I'm not sure.

What is the current state of employment in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

How do wages in Thuringia sadden their neighbors?

I'm not sure.

What do many Thuringian workers do to earn lower wages?

I'm not sure.

What has lead to a surplus of workers in some sectors?

I'm not sure.


During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region.

When were the first motorways built in Thuringia?

During the 1930s

When were the two motorways expanded?

Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990

When were three additional roads built?

during the 1990s and 2000s

Which motorway is Thuringia's most expensive?

The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71

What is the top priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015?

The upgrading of federal highways

What is the bottom priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015?

I'm not sure.

When were the first motorways buried in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

When were the two motorways shortened?

I'm not sure.

When were eight additional roads built?

I'm not sure.

Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest?

I'm not sure.


The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam.

What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply?

lignite

Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?

mined in the bordering Leipzig region

How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?

carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations

What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?

Wind power and Biomass

What is Hohenwarte Dam?

big pumped storage stations

What is Thuringia's new energy supply?

I'm not sure.

Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite?

I'm not sure.

How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being?

I'm not sure.

What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources?

I'm not sure.

What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become?

I'm not sure.


Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.

Which hospitals are being expanded?

bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt

Why are there too many hospital beds?

rationalisation processes in the German health care system

Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor?

rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.

Which hospitals are being demolished?

I'm not sure.

Why are there no hospital beds?

I'm not sure.

Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor?

I'm not sure.

What never close?

I'm not sure.


Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany.

How long is Thuringian primary school?

four years

For how long have Thuringian children been using the current education system?

Since the 1950s

When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia?

At the age of ten

Who invented the early years education in Thuringia?

Friedrich Fröbel

How many years of school do students attend after primary?

eight years

How long is Thuringian primary school banned?

I'm not sure.

How long have Thuringian children been outside the current education system?

I'm not sure.

When do children quit primary school in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

Who destroyed the early years education in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

How many years of school do students miss after primary?

I'm not sure.


The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus.

What is the biggest school in Thuringia?

The University of Jena

How many universities are there in Thuringia?

four

How many students attend The University of Erfurt?

What is Germany's leading art school in Thuringia?

The Bauhaus University Weimar

When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded?

What is the worst school in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

How many universities are missing in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

How many students boycott The University of Erfurt?

I'm not sure.

What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

When was The Bauhaus University Weimar remodeled?

I'm not sure.


The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students).

Where is the civil service college of Thuringia?

Gotha

How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia?

How many schools offer polytechnics?

Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden

Where is the civil service college of Thuringia restricted?

I'm not sure.

How many students dislike the college of music in Thuringia?

I'm not sure.

How many schools forbid polytechnics?

I'm not sure.

What does not allow studying for technical qualifications?

I'm not sure.


Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena.

What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena?

life sciences and optics

Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects?

Weimar and Gotha

How is most research in Thuringia funded?

publicly funded

What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies?

the optics sector at Jena.


The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour.

When was Thuringia's first railway built?

the 1840s

When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned?

Between 1950 and 2000

When will the new high speed train be open?

In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened,

When was Thuringia's worst railway built?

I'm not sure.

When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted?

I'm not sure.

When will the new high speed train be closed?

I'm not sure.

What is an imaginary railway?

I'm not sure.


In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption. Thus predation is often, though not always, carnivory. Other categories of consumption are herbivory (eating parts of plants), fungivory (eating parts of fungi), and detritivory (the consumption of dead organic material (detritus)). All these consumption categories fall under the rubric of consumer-resource systems. It can often be difficult to separate various types of feeding behaviors. For example, some parasitic species prey on a host organism and then lay their eggs on it for their offspring to feed on it while it continues to live in or on its decaying corpse after it has died. The key characteristic of predation however is the predator's direct impact on the prey population. On the other hand, detritivores simply eat dead organic material arising from the decay of dead individuals and have no direct impact on the "donor" organism(s).

What must a species do in order to be classified as a predator?

direct impact on the prey population

How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants?

herbivory

A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed?

absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption

A species that uses a host body to survive and reproduce is classified as a what?

parasitic species

How would you describe a diet of a species that eats primarily dead organic material?

detritivory

What does an herbivore eat?

plants

Do detritivores have a direct impact on "donor" organisms?

no

What term is given to an organism that is being hunted?

prey

What term is given to the biological interaction where a predator feeds upon prey?

predation

What do detritivores eat?

dead organic material

What is the key characteristic of predation?

predator's direct impact on the prey population

What is the definition of a host system?

I'm not sure.

What does prey eventually do to its predator's tissue in defense?

I'm not sure.

What is the feeding nature of some prey?

I'm not sure.

When does a carnivore know when it has a parasite?

I'm not sure.

What does a detrivore have a direct impact on while its trying to mature?

I'm not sure.


Classification of predators by the extent to which they feed on and interact with their prey is one way ecologists may wish to categorize the different types of predation. Instead of focusing on what they eat, this system classifies predators by the way in which they eat, and the general nature of the interaction between predator and prey species. Two factors are considered here: How close the predator and prey are (in the latter two cases the term prey may be replaced with host) and whether or not the prey are directly murdered by the predator is considered, with true predation and parasitoidism involving certain death.

How many synergetic qualities are there in the predator-prey mechanism?

Two factors

Proximity and the ending of life is called?

true predation

If the prey is not killed the predator-prey interaction is called?

parasitoidism

Instead of what predators eat, how else can they be classified?

the way in which they eat

Certain death is involved with true predation and what other classification?

parasitoidism

The study in which ecologists examine the way predators interact with their prey is called what?

predation

What is one way prey is classified?

I'm not sure.

Who is involved in classifying different types of prey?

I'm not sure.

What method is used to keep track of how prey tries to escape their predator?

I'm not sure.

How many factors are used when studying how prey avoids their predator?

I'm not sure.

What is the study of how prey evades capture by a predator called?

I'm not sure.


A true predator can commonly be known as one that kills and eats another living thing. Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them. Predators may hunt actively for prey in pursuit predation, or sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance, as in ambush predators. Some predators kill large prey and dismember or chew it prior to eating it, such as a jaguar or a human; others may eat their (usually much smaller) prey whole, as does a bottlenose dolphin swallowing a fish, or a snake, duck or stork swallowing a frog. Some animals that kill both large and small prey for their size (domestic cats and dogs are prime examples) may do either depending upon the circumstances; either would devour a large insect whole but dismember a rabbit. Some predation entails venom that subdues a prey creature before the predator ingests the prey by killing, which the box jellyfish does, or disabling it, found in the behavior of the cone shell. In some cases, the venom, as in rattlesnakes and some spiders, contributes to the digestion of the prey item even before the predator begins eating. In other cases, the prey organism may die in the mouth or digestive system of the predator. Baleen whales, for example, eat millions of microscopic plankton at once, the prey being broken down well after entering the whale. Seed predation and egg predation are other forms of true predation, as seeds and eggs represent potential organisms. Predators of this classification need not eat prey entirely. For example, some predators cannot digest bones, while others can. Some may eat only part of an organism, as in grazing (see below), but still consistently cause its direct death.

What do household animals prey upon?

large and small prey

Name an exemplar of an predator that uses digestion to kill and gain nutrients from it's prey.

Baleen whales

To be classified as a predator, what action must be performed?

harm their prey in some way

What requirement must a true predator fulfill?

kills and eats another living thing

What is different about a true predator?

Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them

All types of predators do what?

harm their prey in some way

How do ambush predators hunt?

sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance

What do box jellyfish use to hunt their pray?

venom

What is one thing prey can do if they know a predator is approaching?

I'm not sure.

What do prey sometimes consume as food?

I'm not sure.

What do rabbits like to do with their food when foraging?

I'm not sure.

What do large insects do at night after the sun goes down?

I'm not sure.

What have cats sometimes been seen doing in the yard of their home?

I'm not sure.


Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again. Kelp is frequently grazed in subtidal kelp forests, but regrows at the base of the blade continuously to cope with browsing pressure. Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring. Starfish may be grazed on, being capable of regenerating lost arms.

Animals that consume parts of their prey are considered to be

Grazing organisms

Prey that can regrow leaves or arms have learned to deal with what?

browsing pressure

Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction?

mosquitos

Give an example of a predator that specializes in eating autotrophic species

zooplankton

What is an organism that grazes upon other animals?

female mosquitos

What is an organism that can regrow lost arms?

Starfish

Do grazing organisms often kill their prey?

seldom

How do grass and kelp deal with being grazed upon?

regrows at the base

What organism can kill their prey by biting?

I'm not sure.

What does zooplankton gain for its offspring by attaching to a host?

I'm not sure.

What does zooplankton need to get enough protein to help the development of?

I'm not sure.

How much of a starfish does phytoplnakton eat when it attaches to it?

I'm not sure.

What does zooplankton have to cope with when eaten by starfish?

I'm not sure.


Parasites can at times be difficult to distinguish from grazers. Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species. While a grazing species such as an elephant may travel many kilometers in a single day, grazing on many plants in the process, parasites form very close associations with their hosts, usually having only one or at most a few in their lifetime. This close living arrangement may be described by the term symbiosis, "living together", but unlike mutualism the association significantly reduces the fitness of the host. Parasitic organisms range from the macroscopic mistletoe, a parasitic plant, to microscopic internal parasites such as cholera. Some species however have more loose associations with their hosts. Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) larvae may feed parasitically on only a single plant, or they may graze on several nearby plants. It is therefore wise to treat this classification system as a continuum rather than four isolated forms.

Species that rely on few or a single prey are called?

Parasites

Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.

mutualism

Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day.

elephant

What plant associated with kissing during the holidays is also parasitic?

mistletoe

How are parasites distiguished from grazers?

close association with their host species

How many hosts do parasites typically have?

one or at most a few in their lifetime

How should parasite classification be viewed instead of as four isolated forms?

a continuum

What does the term symbiosis mean?

living together

What kind of relationship do grazers have with their host more so than parasites?

I'm not sure.

Cholera is limited to how many spots to feed in its lifetime?

I'm not sure.

What is another word for macroscopic?

I'm not sure.

How many forms are used to classify a single plant?

I'm not sure.

What is damaged in a mutual relationship?

I'm not sure.


Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike parasites, they are very similar to true predators in that the fate of their prey is quite inevitably death. A well-known example of a parasitoids are the ichneumon wasps, solitary insects living a free life as an adult, then laying eggs on or in another species such as a caterpillar. Its larva(e) feed on the growing host causing it little harm at first, but soon devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system resulting in prey death. By this stage the young wasp(s) are developed sufficiently to move to the next stage in their life cycle. Though limited mainly to the insect order Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera parasitoids make up as much as 10% of all insect species.

This species relies on other species to provide a reproductive host for their offspring.

ichneumon wasps

It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population?

During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host?

death

What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host?

Parasitoids

How many organisms in the insect species are Diptera or Cleoptera parasitoids?

Which type of wasp is a well-known example of a parasitoid?

ichneumon

How do the larvae of the parasitoid wasps kill their prey?

devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system

How do caterpillars feed during the day?

I'm not sure.

What does a caterpillar living on an organism do to the organism?

I'm not sure.

What kind of relationship to caterpillars have with their host?

I'm not sure.

How do caterpillars harm their hosts?

I'm not sure.

What percent of insect species are catepillars?

I'm not sure.


Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferred prey. The prey in turn, are often equally suited to escape that predator. This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium. Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species. Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed]

Species that aren't considered specialized are called what?

opportunistic

Predator and prey interactions that involve specialization result in a balance called?

equilibrium

When a specialized species resorts to foraging and eating other diets, it's like because it's primary food source is?

scarce

What do specialized predators and prey rely on to get the upper hand?

evolution

What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything?

humans, leopards, dogs and alligators

What term is used for predators and prey being well suited to hunt and evade each other?

evolutionary arms race

What is the purpose of an evolutionary arms race?

keep the populations of both species in equilibrium

If scavengers' food becomes scarce, they may turn to what type of diet?

herbivorous

What is there a large degree of among herbivores?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of a predator that eat only certain prey classes?

I'm not sure.

What are single prey species always well suited for?

I'm not sure.

What term describes how predators occasionally switch to a scavenging or herbivorous diet?

I'm not sure.

When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat?

I'm not sure.


Predators are often another organism's prey, and likewise prey are often predators. Though blue jays prey on insects, they may in turn be prey for cats and snakes, and snakes may be the prey of hawks. One way of classifying predators is by trophic level. Organisms that feed on autotrophs, the producers of the trophic pyramid, are known as herbivores or primary consumers; those that feed on heterotrophs such as animals are known as secondary consumers. Secondary consumers are a type of carnivore, but there are also tertiary consumers eating these carnivores, quartary consumers eating them, and so forth. Because only a fraction of energy is passed on to the next level, this hierarchy of predation must end somewhere, and very seldom goes higher than five or six levels, and may go only as high as three trophic levels (for example, a lion that preys upon large herbivores such as wildebeest, which in turn eat grasses). A predator at the top of any food chain (that is, one that is preyed upon by no organism) is called an apex predator; examples include the orca, sperm whale, anaconda, Komodo dragon, tiger, lion, tiger shark, Nile crocodile, and most eagles and owls—and even omnivorous humans and grizzly bears. An apex predator in one environment may not retain this position as a top predator if introduced to another habitat, such as a dog among alligators, a skunk in the presence of the great horned owl immune to skunk spray, or a snapping turtle among jaguars; a predatory species introduced into an area where it faces no predators, such as a domestic cat or a dog in some insular environments, can become an apex predator by default.

What is the the strata of predator prey interaction called?

trophic level

What is the top predator in an environment called?

apex predator

When a new apex predator moves into an area this changes.

trophic pyramid

What limits the size of a trophic pyramid?

energy

Which organisms are known as primary consumers?

Organisms that feed on autotrophs

What makes an organism a secondary consumer?

feed on heterotrophs

What is an organism at the top of the food chain called?

apex predator

How many levels does a predatory pyramid or heirarchy typically climb?

five or six levels

In what pyramid position is an organism not preyed upon by any other predators?

the top

By what level is prey classified?

I'm not sure.

How many levels does the classifying of prey usually go?

I'm not sure.

What happens to their position when prey is introduced into another habitat?

I'm not sure.

What is an autotroph called when its on top of the food chain?

I'm not sure.

What happens when you put autotrophs in an area without prey?

I'm not sure.


Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic. A carnivore may eat both secondary and tertiary consumers, and its prey may itself be difficult to classify for similar reasons. Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory are known as omnivores. Even herbivores such as the giant panda may supplement their diet with meat. Scavenging of carrion provides a significant part of the diet of some of the most fearsome predators. Carnivorous plants would be very difficult to fit into this classification, producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap. Organisms that eat detritivores or parasites would also be difficult to classify by such a scheme.

Dead animals that died as a result of natural causes or non-fatal injuries are called?

carrion

Why are species can be difficult to classify because they?

eat from multiple levels of the food chain

What are plants that eat both living species and consume sunlight for energy called?

Carnivorous plants

What are organisms called that show carnivory and herbivory?

omnivores

What can make classification of predators problematic when using a food pyramid?

Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain

Why would carnivourous plants be difficult to classify into a food pyramid?

producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap

Would it be easy or difficult to classify organims that eat parasites in a food pyramid?

difficult

From how many levels of the food chain do parasites usually eat?

I'm not sure.

What is difficult because parasites eat from more than one food pyramid level?

I'm not sure.

What are parasites also known as since they eat from more than one level?

I'm not sure.

What is the nature of the giant panda when its cornered?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing that giant pandas usually like to eat daily?

I'm not sure.


An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.

Intraguild species consumer other species within?

the same trophic level

Who proposes the concept of the "survival machine?"

Richard Dawkins

The argument of the "survival machines" proposes that what two species are competing for the same genes?

both the predator and prey

Intraguild species may try to consume each other because they are?

potential competitors

Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator?

Richard Dawkins

To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?

the body

What are intraguild predators?

those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level

What term is used to decribe predators that prey on their own competition?

Intraguild

Which version of evolutionary theory is easiest to use when explaining predation as competition?

gene centered view

What did Richard Dawkins think prey eating each other was a form of?

I'm not sure.

Why do prey species try to hunt each other?

I'm not sure.

What is a term that means one prey species eating another?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing that makes prey faster at hunting for another prey species?

I'm not sure.

What view helps you understand why prey eat each other?

I'm not sure.


Predators may increase the biodiversity of communities by preventing a single species from becoming dominant. Such predators are known as keystone species and may have a profound influence on the balance of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population density, can have drastic cascading effects on the equilibrium of many other populations in the ecosystem. For example, grazers of a grassland may prevent a single dominant species from taking over.

What is the title of a predator that maintains balance with an ecosystem?

keystone species

What is the driving force for maintaining an equilibrium within an ecosystem?

biodiversity

When a keystone species is lost another species might become?

dominant

What is increased by keeping a single species from being dominant in an ecosystem?

biodiversity of communities

Predators that prevent others from becoming dominant are called what?

keystone species

What changes to a keystone predator can seriously affect an ecosystem's equilibrium?

Introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population density

What does one singe species usually prevent a predator from doing?

I'm not sure.

What are single species also known as?

I'm not sure.

What influence does one single species have on an ecosystem?

I'm not sure.

What kind of effect happens when a single species population changes?

I'm not sure.

What does a single species dominating the area help promote in a community?

I'm not sure.


The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon. The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing. Furthermore, predation keeps hydrological features such as creeks and streams in normal working order. Increased browsing on willows and conifers along Blacktail Creek due to a lack of predation caused channel incision because they helped slow the water down and hold the soil in place.

What animal's food sources were greatly affected with the loss of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?

beavers

Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?

hydrological features

Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?

channel incision

The removal of what animal from Yellowstonw National Park affected beaver populations?

wolves

How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?

habitat became territory for grazing.

Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?

Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species

How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?

wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon

What changes happened when herbivores were eliminated in Yellowstone?

I'm not sure.

Where did beavers keep animals from grazing?

I'm not sure.

What animals were protected when herbivores were in Yellowstone?

I'm not sure.

What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park?

I'm not sure.

What natural features work better when herbivores are present?

I'm not sure.


The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to the prey species, though the individuals preyed upon themselves do not benefit. This means that, at each applicable stage, predator and prey species are in an evolutionary arms race to maximize their respective abilities to obtain food or avoid being eaten. This interaction has resulted in a vast array of adaptations in both groups.

At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction?

maximum of four stages

What is the first step of the predator-prey interaction?

Detection of prey

How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction?

array of adaptations

Who doesn't benefit from the predator-prey interaction?

the individuals preyed upon

How many stages can predation be divided into?

maximum of four stages

What are the four stages of predation?

Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption

What dilemma has resulted in many predatory adaptations?

obtain food or avoid being eaten

In predation's four stages, in what stage is consumption?

final

How many categories can prey be divided into?

I'm not sure.

What group seems to have changed the most through evoulution?

I'm not sure.

What term is used to describe how prey evades a predator?

I'm not sure.

What is the first stage called when prey notices a predator?

I'm not sure.

What charactheristics help divide prey into four groups?

I'm not sure.


One adaptation helping both predators and prey avoid detection is camouflage, a form of crypsis where species have an appearance that helps them blend into the background. Camouflage consists of not only color but also shape and pattern. The background upon which the organism is seen can be both its environment (e.g., the praying mantis to the right resembling dead leaves) or other organisms (e.g., zebras' stripes blend in with each other in a herd, making it difficult for lions to focus on a single target). The more convincing camouflage is, the more likely it is that the organism will go unseen.

Which adaptation helps both predators and prey?

camouflage

What term is used for an adaptation that enables species to blend into the background?

camouflage

Camoflauge consists of what else, in addition to color?

shape and pattern

Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else?

other organisms

What characteristic helps only prey not be seen?

I'm not sure.

What else can be used to describe dead leaves besides their color?

I'm not sure.

What is it a form of when lions can see a single zebra?

I'm not sure.

What does a praying mantis use to build its home?

I'm not sure.

What method does a praying mantis use when hunting?

I'm not sure.


Mimicry is a related phenomenon where an organism has a similar appearance to another species. One such example is the drone fly, which looks a lot like a bee, yet is completely harmless as it cannot sting at all. Another example of batesian mimicry is the io moth, (Automeris io), which has markings on its wings that resemble an owl's eyes. When an insectivorous predator disturbs the moth, it reveals its hind wings, temporarily startling the predator and giving it time to escape. Predators may also use mimicry to lure their prey, however. Female fireflies of the genus Photuris, for example, copy the light signals of other species, thereby attracting male fireflies, which are then captured and eaten (see aggressive mimicry).

What is the phenomenon where an organism looks like another species called?

Mimicry

Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting?

drone fly

A moth that has markings resembling an owl's eyes is an example of what phenomenon?

Mimicry

What is a defensive way that mimicry can be used?

startling the predator and giving it time to escape

How can predators use mimicry?

to lure their prey

What does a female firefly look like, but isn't able to sting?

I'm not sure.

What do drone flies copy to attract male fireflies?

I'm not sure.

What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies?

I'm not sure.

What do the markings on female fireflies resemble?

I'm not sure.

Why does a female firefly use the markings on its wings?

I'm not sure.


While successful predation results in a gain of energy, hunting invariably involves energetic costs as well. When hunger is not an issue, in general most predators will not seek to attack prey since the costs outweigh the benefits. For instance, a large predatory fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested). Surplus killing represents a deviation from this type of behaviour. The treatment of consumption in terms of cost-benefit analysis is known as optimal foraging theory, and has been quite successful in the study of animal behavior. In general, costs and benefits are considered in energy gain per unit time, though other factors are also important, such as essential nutrients that have no caloric value but are necessary for survival and health.

What makes predation successful?

gain of energy

Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?

optimal foraging theory

In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?

energy gain per unit time

What benefit do small fish gain when they successfully avoid a predator?

I'm not sure.

What theory describes how prey fish take advantage of a predator?

I'm not sure.

How is the behavior of prey fish around an uninterested predator measured?

I'm not sure.

What cost is involved in evading a predator?

I'm not sure.

How well do small fish eat when they are in an aquarium?

I'm not sure.


Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows some animals to organize hunts of creatures that would easily escape a single predator; thus chimpanzees can prey upon colobus monkeys, and Harris's hawks can cut off all possible escapes for a doomed rabbit. Extreme specialization of roles is evident in some hunting that requires co-operation between predators of very different species: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants. Social predation is often very complex behavior, and not all social creatures (for example, domestic cats) perform it. Even without complex intelligence but instinct alone, some ant species can destroy much larger creatures.

What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys?

Social predation

What is an example of co-coperation between predators of different species?

humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants

What is a species that does not perform social predation?

domestic cats)

What are some species that use social predation to prey on animals much larger than themselves?

Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas

What method does a rabbit use to evade a group of predators?

I'm not sure.

Who aids a rabbit to escape a predator through cooperation?

I'm not sure.

What do some fish use to kill larger creatures?

I'm not sure.

What method allows herbivores to attack a group of predators?

I'm not sure.

What did Harris realize that happens between humans and chimpanzees so they can work together?

I'm not sure.


It has been observed that well-fed predator animals in a lax captivity (for instance, pet or farm animals) will usually differentiate between putative prey animals who are familiar co-inhabitants in the same human area from wild ones outside the area. This interaction can range from peaceful coexistence to close companionship; motivation to ignore the predatory instinct may result from mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters who have made clear that harming co-inhabitants will not be tolerated. Pet cats and pet mice, for example, may live together in the same human residence without incident as companions. Pet cats and pet dogs under human mastership often depend on each other for warmth, companionship, and even protection, particularly in rural areas.

Well-fed animals in captivity can become friends with prey animals due to what motivation?

mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters

Why would cats and dogs potentially become companions in captivity?

warmth, companionship, and even protection

Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group?

wild ones outside the area

What kind of relationships to people have in rural areas?

I'm not sure.

Why is there less crime in rural areas?

I'm not sure.

How do residents feel about someone harming a person in a rural area?

I'm not sure.

What are two things neighbors depend on each other for in rural areas?

I'm not sure.

What can people from rural areas differentiate captive animals from?

I'm not sure.


Predatory animals often use their usual methods of attacking prey to inflict or to threaten grievous injury to their own predators. The electric eel uses the same electric current to kill prey and to defend itself against animals (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats) that ordinarily prey upon fish similar to an electric eel in size; the electric eel thus remains an apex predator in a predator-rich environment. A predator small enough to be prey for others, the domestic cat uses its formidable teeth and claws as weapons against animals that might confuse a cat with easier prey. Many non-predatory prey animals, such as a zebra, can give a strong kick that can maim or kill, while others charge with tusks or horns.

What are some predators of the electric eel?

(anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats

What defense does a zebra have against predators?

strong kick that can maim or kill

What defenses does a domestic cat have against predators?

formidable teeth and claws

The electric eel uses electric shock for defense and what other purpose?

to kill prey

What method is used by giant otters to prevent their prey from attacking them?

I'm not sure.

What are a few predators of giant otters?

I'm not sure.

What status does a giant otter keep among other predators?

I'm not sure.

What does a caiman use to defend itself agains a predator?

I'm not sure.

What is the favorite food of an electric eel?

I'm not sure.


Mobbing can be an interspecies activity: it is common for birds to respond to mobbing calls of a different species. Many birds will show up at the sight of mobbing and watch and call, but not participate. It should also be noted that some species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack. Crows are frequently mobbed by smaller songbirds as they prey on eggs and young from these birds' nests, but these same crows will cooperate with smaller birds to drive away hawks or larger mammalian predators. On occasion, birds will mob animals that pose no threat.

Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?

species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack

Which bird is an example of being both a predator and defender in mobbing attacks?

Crows

Will birds often mob animals that do not pose a threat?

On occasion

Crows will cooperate with small birds to drive away what predators?

hawks or larger mammalian predators

What is an activity usually done by mammalian predators?

I'm not sure.

What will larger predators do when they see mobbing taking place?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing hawks do when they see mobbing?

I'm not sure.

What are hawks often mobbed by when they try to eat their eggs?

I'm not sure.

What do hawks do when they want to drive away crows?

I'm not sure.


Aposematism, where organisms are brightly colored as a warning to predators, is the antithesis of camouflage. Some organisms pose a threat to their predators—for example they may be poisonous, or able to harm them physically. Aposematic coloring involves bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns. For example, bright coloration in Variable Checkerspot butterflies leads to decreased predation attempts by avian predators. Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid. While that particular prey organism may be killed, the coloring benefits the prey species as a whole.

What scientific term is used to describe  organisms that are brightly colored as a warning to predators?

Aposematism

Does aposematism benefit only the organism ddirectly, or the entire population as a whole?

species as a whole

How does aposematism help a species population?

Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid

What visual cues are characteristic of aposematism?

bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns

What term means how predators avoid a dangerous prey?

I'm not sure.

What do predators use to warn their prey?

I'm not sure.

What benefit does camoflage give the Variable Checkerspot butterfly?

I'm not sure.

What group benefits from using camoflage if an organism is killed using it?

I'm not sure.

How does a predator see a species using camflage as?

I'm not sure.


It is fairly clear that predators tend to lower the survival and fecundity of their prey, but on a higher level of organization, populations of predator and prey species also interact. It is obvious that predators depend on prey for survival, and this is reflected in predator populations being affected by changes in prey populations. It is not so obvious, however, that predators affect prey populations. Eating a prey organism may simply make room for another if the prey population is approaching its carrying capacity.

What do predators depend on for survival?

prey

Prey that is eaten is simply replaced by anohter when the population is close to what?

carrying capacity

Predators lower what aspects of their prey?

survival and fecundity

What does one predator species do for another if its reaching carrying capacity?

I'm not sure.

What is reduced in a predator species if it reaches carrying capacity?

I'm not sure.

What do different species of predators do when they encounter each other?

I'm not sure.

What do different predators sometimes need each other for?

I'm not sure.

What helps more than one group of predators interact?

I'm not sure.


A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.

What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?

speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength

For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?

well over a million years

What are humans' primary competitors?

other humans

What is one known istance of cannibalism?

the Donner party

With what species do humans hunt in partnership?

domestic dog

In what areas do bears have an advantage compared to big cats?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing bears use to find their prey?

I'm not sure.

How are bears socially instead of being solitary?

I'm not sure.

How long have bears existed?

I'm not sure.

How long have bears been apex predators?

I'm not sure.


Having small population size is a characteristic almost universally inherent to apex predators, humans and dogs by far the most blatant exceptions. Low numbers wouldn't be a problem for apex predators if there was an abundance of prey and no competition or niche overlap, a scenario that is rarely, if ever, encountered in the wild. The competitive exclusion principle states that if two species' ecological niches overlap, there is a very high likelihood of competition as both species are in direct competition for the same resources. This factor alone could lead to the extirpation of one or both species, but is compounded by the added factor of prey abundance.

What two apex predators do not have a small population size?

humans and dogs

Do apex predators generally have a large or small population?

small

Which principle states that if two species ecologicl niches/ overlap, both species are likely to be in competition with one another?

competitive exclusion principle

What other factor is relevant to the competitive exclusion principle?

prey abundance

What are two situations apex predators always live with in the wild?

I'm not sure.

What kind of population do prey populations usually have?

I'm not sure.

When two species have a small population, what is likely to happen between them?

I'm not sure.

What principle states that when two prey species have small populations they will compete with each other?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing that humans and dogs have that applies to other apex predators?

I'm not sure.


A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts its prey, the prey population will lower to numbers that are too scarce for the predators to find. This will cause the predator population to dip, decreasing the predation pressure on the prey population. The decrease in predators will allow the small number of prey left to slowly increase their population to somewhere around their previous abundance, which will allow the predator population to increase in response to the greater availability of resources. If a predator hunts its prey species to numbers too low to sustain the population in the short term, they can cause not only the extinction or extirpation of the prey but also the extinction of their own species, a phenomenon known as coextinction. This is a risk that wildlife conservationists encounter when introducing predators to prey that have not coevolved with the same or similar predators. This possibility depends largely on how well and how fast the prey species is able to adapt to the introduced predator. One way that this risk can be avoided is if the predator finds an alternative prey species or if an alternative prey species is introduced (something that ecologists and environmentalists try to avoid whenever possible). An alternative prey species would help to lift some of the predation pressure from the initial prey species, giving the population a chance to recover, however it does not guarantee that the initial prey species will be able to recover as the initial prey population may have been hunted to below sustainable numbers or to complete extinction.

When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what?

coextinction

Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?

longer period of time

The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy?

boom and bust cycle of economics

When are the effects of economics hard to see?

I'm not sure.

What is the cycle of complete extinction similar to?

I'm not sure.

What risk to conservationists encounter when they cause the predator population to dip?

I'm not sure.

What happens if wildlife conservationists limit prey populations?

I'm not sure.

What does introducing a new prey species guarantee for the weaker predators?

I'm not sure.


Predators may be put to use in conservation efforts to control introduced species. Although the aim in this situation is to remove the introduced species entirely, keeping its abundance down is often the only possibility. Predators from its natural range may be introduced to control populations, though in some cases this has little effect, and may even cause unforeseen problems. Besides their use in conservation biology, predators are also important for controlling pests in agriculture. Natural predators are an environmentally friendly and sustainable way of reducing damage to crops, and are one alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides.

How can natural predators benefit crops?

reducing damage to crops, and are one alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides

How are predators beneficial to agriculture?

controlling pests

If removing an introduced species entirely isn't a posibility, what is the next best outcome?

keeping its abundance down

Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment?

introduced species

What is one way pesticides benefit crops?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing that can happen if you use pesticides?

I'm not sure.

What is the only thing that is possible when removing pests?

I'm not sure.

In what area are agricultural pests used for research?

I'm not sure.

What chemical agent is used to control introduced species?

I'm not sure.


Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities. Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.

Captain America, Thor and Ultron all inhabit what fictional milieu?

Marvel Universe

Fictional placements within this setting are modeled off what?

real-life cities

Spiderman's fictional city is based off what real American location?

New York

What Marvel character's stories are set in an area resembling the American Southwest?

Hulk

Which two groups of Marvel crimefighters are based in a fictional version of New York City?

the Fantastic Four, the Avengers

Where is the character of Ant-Man based?

I'm not sure.

Where is Marvel located?

I'm not sure.

Which super villain lives in the American southwest?

I'm not sure.

What were many real-life locations based off of?

I'm not sure.

Which group fought the Fantastic Four in New York City?

I'm not sure.


Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing editor, and business manager, with Abraham Goodman officially listed as publisher.

Who originally founded Marvel Comics?

Martin Goodman

What was the original name of Marvel Comics?

Timely Publications

When was Marvel founded?

In what city was Marvel based when it was founded?

New York City

What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded?

publisher

When was Martin Goodman born?

I'm not sure.

What was Timely Publications originally called?

I'm not sure.

Who created the western pulp genre?

I'm not sure.

When did Timely Publications become Marvel Comics?

I'm not sure.

Who decided to rename Timely Publications to Marvel Comics?

I'm not sure.


Timely's first publication, Marvel Comics #1 (cover dated Oct. 1939), included the first appearance of Carl Burgos' android superhero the Human Torch, and the first appearances of Bill Everett's anti-hero Namor the Sub-Mariner, among other features. The issue was a great success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined, nearly 900,000 copies. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc., Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. The company's first true editor, writer-artist Joe Simon, teamed with artist and emerging industry notable Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes, Captain America, in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). It, too, proved a hit, with sales of nearly one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc., beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941.

What was the cover date on Marvel Comics #1?

Oct. 1939

Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor?

Joe Simon

Besides Simon, who co-created Captain America?

Jack Kirby

What is the name of the character created by Carl Burgos?

the Human Torch

In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced?

Marvel Comics #1

How many copies did the first printing of Marvel Comics #1 sell?

I'm not sure.

What year did Joe Simon join Timely?

I'm not sure.

When was Funnies, Inc. founded?

I'm not sure.

What was Bill Everett's job title?

I'm not sure.

When did Goodman disband Timely Comics, Inc?

I'm not sure.


While no other Timely character would achieve the success of these "big three", some notable heroes—many of which continue to appear in modern-day retcon appearances and flashbacks—include the Whizzer, Miss America, the Destroyer, the original Vision, and the Angel. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper", as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring popular characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.

What cartoon humorist did some high profile stories for Marvel in the early years?

Basil Wolverton

What was the name of the humorous feature penned by Wolverton?

"Powerhouse Pepper"

What duo of kid-themed characters were featured in early Marvel issues?

Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal

What early Marvel character may have been envisioned as a female counterpoint to Captain America?

Miss America

The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?

"big three"

Which characters matched the success of the big three?

I'm not sure.

Who created Miss America?

I'm not sure.

What cartoon was the Destroyer featured in?

I'm not sure.

What animal characters were featured in Powerhouse Pepper?

I'm not sure.

Where do the animal comic characters sometimes continue to appear?

I'm not sure.


Goodman's business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these shell companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55 (May 1944). As well, some comics' covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12 (Winter 1946–47), were labeled "A Marvel Magazine" many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961.

Marvel Comics was part of many entities having what relationship with Timely?

shell companies

When were all of Goodman's comic entities officially put under the moniker of Marvel Comics?

By what other name were some Marvel-related comic books published?

"A Marvel Magazine"

Under what handle were Marvel's detective fiction comics published?

Marvel Mystery Comics

When did Goodman begin partnering with shell companies?

I'm not sure.

What were the biggest danger to Goodman's business strategy?

I'm not sure.

When were comics first published under the label Marvel Magazine?

I'm not sure.

When was the first Marvel Mystery Comic published?

I'm not sure.

What was the first comic to be published after Goodman formally adopted the name Marvel Comics?

I'm not sure.


Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality.

Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner?

Bill Everett

What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?

Atlas

What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?

Homer the Happy Ghost

DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar?

Archie Andrews

What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?

Homer Hooper

When did Atlas launch?

I'm not sure.

Who ran Atlas?

I'm not sure.

When did the Archie Andrews comics run?

I'm not sure.

What company successfully revived several superheroes?

I'm not sure.

What was another name for the Human Torch?

I'm not sure.


In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic book archetypes of the time by squabbling, holding grudges both deep and petty, and eschewing anonymity or secret identities in favor of celebrity status. Subsequently, Marvel comics developed a reputation for focusing on characterization and adult issues to a greater extent than most superhero comics before them, a quality which the new generation of older readers appreciated. This applied to The Amazing Spider-Man title in particular, which turned out to be Marvel's most successful book. Its young hero suffered from self-doubt and mundane problems like any other teenager, something readers could identify with.

Marvel's first team of superheroes was known by what alliterative name?

The Fantastic Four

What was the issue date when this superhero team debuted?

Nov. 1961

What Marvel executive helped change the focus of Marvel's stories and characters?

Stan Lee

What is Marvel's best-selling comic?

The Amazing Spider-Man

In the Marvel Universe, the public treated conferred what response on the Fantastic Four?

celebrity status

Who introduced superheroes marketed primarily towards children?

I'm not sure.

What superhero team used secret identities?

I'm not sure.

When was Spider-Man launched?

I'm not sure.

What did most comic superheros focus on that Marvel did not?

I'm not sure.

What was Marvel's least successful book?

I'm not sure.


Lee and freelance artist and eventual co-plotter Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four originated in a Cold War culture that led their creators to revise the superhero conventions of previous eras to better reflect the psychological spirit of their age. Eschewing such comic-book tropes as secret identities and even costumes at first, having a monster as one of the heroes, and having its characters bicker and complain in what was later called a "superheroes in the real world" approach, the series represented a change that proved to be a great success.

Who joined with Stan Lee in creating the Fantastic Four?

Jack Kirby

What historic era did the Fantastic Four initially inhabit?

Cold War

What traditional superhero element did the Fantastic Four initially do without?

costumes

None of the Fantastic Four had what hidden element so common to other superheroes?

secret identities

The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what?

"superheroes in the real world"

What tradition did Marvel embrace?

I'm not sure.

What historic era was Marvel trying to eschew?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote comics that focused on secret identities and costumes?

I'm not sure.

Choosing to follow comic book tradition and tropes was called what?

I'm not sure.

What war was Jack Kirby in?

I'm not sure.


All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Boucher reflected that, "Superman and DC Comics instantly seemed like boring old Pat Boone; Marvel felt like The Beatles and the British Invasion. It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"

What magazine featured two Marvel Characters in a college campus heroes feature?

Esquire

What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section?

Spider-Man and the Hulk

Which publisher is Marvel's biggest rival?

DC Comics

Writer Geoff Boucher compared DC to what dull 1960s crooner?

Pat Boone

What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters?

John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan

When did Esquire start?

I'm not sure.

When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel?

I'm not sure.

Who compared DC comics to the Beatles?

I'm not sure.

What real-life president was featured in a Spider-Man comic?

I'm not sure.

Which DC superhero was listed in Esquire's top 28 college campus heroes?

I'm not sure.


In addition to Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four, Marvel began publishing further superhero titles featuring such heroes and antiheroes as the Hulk, Thor, Ant-Man, Iron Man, the X-Men, Daredevil, the Inhumans, Black Panther, Doctor Strange, Captain Marvel and the Silver Surfer, and such memorable antagonists as Doctor Doom, Magneto, Galactus, Loki, the Green Goblin, and Doctor Octopus, all existing in a shared reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities such as New York, Los Angeles and Chicago.

What actual US cities have fictional equivalents in Marvel's comic milieu?

New York, Los Angeles and Chicago

What Marvel hero is related to a tiny insect?

Ant-Man

The shared milieu inhabited by all Marvel heroes and villains is known as?

the Marvel Universe

Which two comic book titles were the precursors to the widening of this overall setting?

Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four

What fictional universe was Los Angeles based on?

I'm not sure.

Who was Daredevil's main antagonist?

I'm not sure.

What city does Black Panther live in?

I'm not sure.

Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four were published after what comic?

I'm not sure.

What are the real-life cities New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago called?

I'm not sure.


In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted. Late that year he sold Marvel Comics and his other publishing businesses to the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation, which continued to group them as the subsidiary Magazine Management Company, with Goodman remaining as publisher. In 1969, Goodman finally ended his distribution deal with Independent by signing with Curtis Circulation Company.

How many comics did Marvel sell during 1968?

50 million

What company was distributing Marvel's titles at that point?

Independent News

To whom was Marvel sold in 1968?

the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation

What wholly-owned affiliate of this company did Marvel operate within?

Magazine Management Company

What distributor took over Marvel's titles in 1969?

Curtis Circulation Company

How many comic books had Goodman sold by 1968?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Independent News and Goodman first make their distribution arrangement?

I'm not sure.

What publishing businesses did Goodman sell besides Marvel Comics?

I'm not sure.

Who was the founder of the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation?

I'm not sure.

Who did Goodman switch distribution to in 1968?

I'm not sure.


In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year.

What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue?

United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?

drug abuse

What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?

Spider-Man

What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series?

Comics Code Authority

What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue?

May–July 1971

When did the Comics Code Authority request Marvel to do a comic on drug abuse?

I'm not sure.

Who is the editor-in-chief of the Comics Code Authority?

I'm not sure.

What self-censorship board approved the controversial Spider-Man comic?

I'm not sure.

What government-led department refused to approve the Spider-Man story?

I'm not sure.

During what months did the CCA revise its code?

I'm not sure.


A series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, "Killraven" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.

What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?

the updating of the Comics Code

What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?

Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja

What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?

Howard the Duck

In what year did Marvel's sales overtake rival DC?

How were some of Marvel's genre titles published in the 1970s?

larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint

What prevented Marvel from creating more adult-themed comics?

I'm not sure.

What did Marvel do that failed to be successful after the Comics Code was updated?

I'm not sure.

When did DC Comics usurp Marvel's position as the top comics company?

I'm not sure.

How much did DC lower the price of its comics by?

I'm not sure.

What was DC's horror series called?

I'm not sure.


Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

What new venture did Marvel's founder begin after leaving the company in the 1970s?

Seaboard Periodicals

What former Marvel title imprint did Goodman attempt to revive?

Atlas Comics

What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?

comic book stores

How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business?

a year and a half

During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?

the mid-1970s

What company partnered with Marvel in 1974?

I'm not sure.

When was Howard the Duck launched?

I'm not sure.

What change in market distribution negatively affected Marvel near the end of the decade?

I'm not sure.

How much later were specialty comic book stores reselling titles?

I'm not sure.

The mid-1970s brought what favourable change for Marvel?

I'm not sure.


Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics. In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics.

What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called?

Marvelcon

What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?

Jack Kirby

What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?

Captain Britain

When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?

spring 1975

When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear?

October 1976

Who did Jack Kirby announce was returning to Marvel in 1975?

I'm not sure.

What marvel character was announced at the first Marvelcon?

I'm not sure.

What was DC Comic's 1975 convention called?

I'm not sure.

Who created most of DC's star characters?

I'm not sure.

When did Marvel become licensed to distribute in the UK?

I'm not sure.


In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?

Jim Shooter

What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?

repeatedly missed deadlines

What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?

Frank Miller

What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?

Chris Claremont and John Byrne

Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?

crossover story arcs

What issue did Shooter cause when he started at Marvel?

I'm not sure.

When did Chris Claremont become editor-in-chief?

I'm not sure.

When did New Universe become successful?

I'm not sure.

What anniversary did Epic Comics celebrate in 1986?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote for Star Comics?

I'm not sure.


Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker. In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?

2099 line

What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?

Razorline

In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?

What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?

SkyBox International

What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?

overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

What series was set in the past?

I'm not sure.

What commercially successful comic did Clive Barker create?

I'm not sure.

When was SkyBox International launched?

I'm not sure.

What marvel character was featured on the first collectible trading card?

I'm not sure.

When did comic book sales begin to decline?

I'm not sure.


In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.

What studio helped to relaunch and revamp classic marvel teams The Fantastic Four and the Avengers?

Image Comics

What two Marvel veterans founded Image?

Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld

How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics?

a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream

How long did the Image run of Marvel characters last?

a one-year run

What three titles were part of the darker, grimmer Marvel Knights comics?

the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil

Who created the Avengers?

I'm not sure.

When was Image Comics founded?

I'm not sure.

What year did Joe Quesada become editor in chief?

I'm not sure.

How long did Marvel Knights run for?

I'm not sure.

What caused Image Comics to discontinue the Marvel crossover?

I'm not sure.


In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.

What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?

Heroes World Distribution

When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?

Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one.

Diamond Comic Distributors Inc

What year did Diamond Comic Distributors team up with Marvel?

The failure of what high profile business initiative caused Marvel to approach Diamond?

Marvel's Heroes World

What was the only North American distribution company to go under?

I'm not sure.

When did Diamond Comic Distributors part ways with Marvel?

I'm not sure.

What caused distributors to thrive in the mid-90s?

I'm not sure.

When was Marvel's Heroes World declared a financial success?

I'm not sure.

When was Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. founded?

I'm not sure.


With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?

bankruptcy

When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?

What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?

Marvel Rating System

What was the first book published under this new ratings system?

X-Force #119

What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?

MAX

When did Marvel Comics file for bankruptcy?

I'm not sure.

When did Marvel join the Comics Code Authority?

I'm not sure.

When was the first issue of MAX released?

I'm not sure.

What did Marvel Comics replace the Marvel Rating System with?

I'm not sure.

What age bracket was Marvel Adventures designed for?

I'm not sure.


On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market. As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.

What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?

The Walt Disney Company

When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?

August 31, 2009

What was the sale price of Marvel?

$4 billion or $4.2 billion

What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?

In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?

Hachette Distribution Services

What did Marvel Entertainment purchase in 2009?

I'm not sure.

How much did Disney buy DC for?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of the American comic-book market did Marvel account for?

I'm not sure.

When did Marvel switch to Diamond Book Distributors?

I'm not sure.

How much did DC Comics shareholder receive as a result of the Marvel-Disney deal?

I'm not sure.


Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams. Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.

When did the Marvel Adventures line cease publishing?

March 2012

Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?

digital comics

What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?

Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men

Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?

Marvel ReEvolution

What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?

augmented reality

When did Marvel launch Marvel Adventures?

I'm not sure.

How many titles run on the Marvel Universe TV block?

I'm not sure.

What titles were released with Marvel AR?

I'm not sure.

When was Marvel NOW! canceled?

I'm not sure.


In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.

What TV network shares a parent with Marvel?

ABC

What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel?

Once Upon a Time

What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?

"Disney Kingdoms"

What was the first title published in that joint line of comics?

"Seekers of the Weird"

What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?

Star Wars

When did Disney and LLC stop publishing Star Wars comics?

I'm not sure.

How many issues was the Once Upon a Time novel?

I'm not sure.

What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called?

I'm not sure.

When was the Once Upon a Time novel released?

I'm not sure.

When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects?

I'm not sure.


Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations. In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.

What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?

Bantam Books

What was the first novel published under this deal?

The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder

What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?

Marvel Press

In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?

Pocket Books

Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?

Who wrote the movie novelizations?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the Young Adult novel Mary Jane?

I'm not sure.

How many books did Marvel license with Pocket Books?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of the company that licensed the majority of marvel comics before 2003?

I'm not sure.

When did Marvel switch to the Disney Books Group?

I'm not sure.


Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.

What Disney theme park will become the first to feature Marvel-specific attractions?

Hong Kong Disneyland

Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters?

Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney

The contract with what non-Disney studio prevents some parks from using Marvel characters?

Universal Studios

What Marvel movie featured Star-Lord and Gamora?

Guardians of the Galaxy

What movie features the characters Baymax and Hiro?

Big Hero 6

What are the only two Disney parks allowed to have Marvel characters?

I'm not sure.

Why is Walt Disney unable to have characters such as Star-Lord appear?

I'm not sure.

What does Universal Studios plan to do with their Marvel contract?

I'm not sure.

What was signed after Disney purchased Marvel?

I'm not sure.

Because of the Universal Studios agreement, which Big Hero 6 characters are off limits for Disney?

I'm not sure.


The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13,000,000 sq mi (33,670,000 km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.

The United Kingdom ruled what empire?

British

Which empire was the largest in history, at its height?

British

When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?

How much of the world's population did the British Empire rule in 1922?

one-fifth

How many square miles did the British Empire rule in 1922?