Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.

What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?

Environmental sustainability

What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays?

the environment

Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?

Frank Lloyd Wright

Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?

Buckminster Fuller

What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?

The U.S. Green Building Council

What issue has moved to the forefront in past years?

I'm not sure.

What do architecture schools look at less and less nowadays?

I'm not sure.

Who was the last to design architecture environmentally?

I'm not sure.

Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1970s?

I'm not sure.

What organization's rating system discourages sustainability?

I'm not sure.


Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.

What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?

New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture

What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of?

solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.

What are three things the new movements try to achieve?

smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design

What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with?

modernist and globally uniform architecture

What are three old movements that have a focus on sustainability?

I'm not sure.

What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of?

I'm not sure.

What are three things the old movements try to achieve?

I'm not sure.

What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with?

I'm not sure.


The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per capita is higher. The HDI was developed by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in their life, and was published by the United Nations Development Programme.

Which three statistics does the HDI compile?

life expectancy, education, and income per capita

Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?

longer

Who developed the HDI?

Mahbub ul Haq

What entity publishes the HDI?

United Nations Development Programme

Does a high ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?

longer

Which three statistics does the HDI ignore?

I'm not sure.

Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?

I'm not sure.

Who rejected the HDI?

I'm not sure.

What entity rejects the HDI?

I'm not sure.

Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?

I'm not sure.


The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)."

In what year did the Human Development Report introduce the IHDI?

What does IHDI stand for?

Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index

Which measures the potential development, the HDI or the IHDI?

the HDI

What happened in 2001?

I'm not sure.

What does IHDI2 stand for?

I'm not sure.

Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI?

I'm not sure.


The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?

Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?

Amartya Sen

Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?

people-centered policies

Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

In what year did Mahbub ul Haq reject the HDI?

I'm not sure.

Who was initially agreeing to the idea of creating the HDI?

I'm not sure.

Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?

I'm not sure.

Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report?

I'm not sure.


LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

What does LE stand for?

Life expectancy at birth

What does MYS stand for?

Mean years of schooling

What does EYS stand for?

Expected years of schooling

What does GNIpc stand for?

Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita

What does LI stand for?

I'm not sure.

What does MIS stand for?

I'm not sure.

What does EYES stand for?

I'm not sure.

What does GNLpc stand for?

I'm not sure.


The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:

What entity makes the defining formula for the HDI well-known?

the United Nations Development Programme

What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known?

I'm not sure.

What does UNDD stand for?

I'm not sure.


The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

On what date was the 2015 Human Development Report released?

December 14, 2015

Which year was used for estimates in the 2015 report?

What happened on December 15, 2015

I'm not sure.

On what date was the 2005 Human Development Report released?

I'm not sure.


The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

On what date was the 2014 Human Development Report released?

July 24, 2014

Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?

On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?

I'm not sure.

Which year was used for estimates in the 2004 report?

I'm not sure.

What was released on July 25 2014

I'm not sure.


The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

What does the IHDI specifically take into account?

Inequality

Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?

the average level

What does the HIHDI specifically take into account?

I'm not sure.

Does the IHDI measure the "unaverage" or the "lack of potential" level of human development?

I'm not sure.


Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.

Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

Cuba

Is the top quartile of HDI considered "high" or "very high" human development?

very high

Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HIDI (but missing HIHDI)?

I'm not sure.

s the top quartile of HDI considered "low" or "very low" human development?

I'm not sure.


Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.

What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?

lack of necessary data

Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2014 report?

North Korea

What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2013 report?

I'm not sure.

What year were all countries included?

I'm not sure.


The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

On what date was the 2013 Human Development Report released?

March 14, 2013

Which year was used for estimates in the 2013 report?

Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?

I'm not sure.


The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development?

the average level

Does the IHDI measure the "abnormal" or the "lack of potential" level of human development?

I'm not sure.

What does the HIDI stand for?

I'm not sure.


Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.

What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

unavailability of certain crucial data

Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report?

North Korea

What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?

I'm not sure.

What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?

I'm not sure.

Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report?

I'm not sure.


The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:

On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?

November 4, 2010

Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?

On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released?

I'm not sure.

What was released on November 5, 2010?

I'm not sure.

Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?

I'm not sure.


The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:

In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?

income, life expectancy, and education

In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions?

I'm not sure.


Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country.

What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?

unavailability of certain crucial data

Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?

Cuba

What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?

High Human Development country

What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?

I'm not sure.

Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report?

I'm not sure.

What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed?

I'm not sure.


The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:

On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?

October 5, 2009

What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?

period up to 2007

What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?

Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development

What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?

very high human development

How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?

developed countries

On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released?

I'm not sure.

What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report?

I'm not sure.

What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report?

I'm not sure.

What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report?

I'm not sure.

How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"?

I'm not sure.


Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?

being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication

What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?

I'm not sure.


A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?

statistical update

What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?

an accompanying Human Development Report

What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?

up to 2006

What type of update was released on December 18, 2004?

I'm not sure.

What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete?

I'm not sure.

What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002?

I'm not sure.


The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.

On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released?

November 27, 2007

What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?

Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world

What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?

The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year?

Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?

Brasília, Brazil

On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released?

I'm not sure.

What came out on November 26, 2007?

I'm not sure.

What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report?

I'm not sure.

What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report?

I'm not sure.

Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched?

I'm not sure.


The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries.

Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?

high income countries

Which countries experienced an increase in HDI?

I'm not sure.


A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country?

On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?

Africa

What is Gabon's ranking?

What is South Africa's ranking?

What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?

Gabon and South Africa

Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country?

I'm not sure.

On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located?

I'm not sure.

What is Pabon's ranking?

I'm not sure.

What is North Africa's ranking?

I'm not sure.

What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?

I'm not sure.


A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?

Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?

Brazil

What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?

Russia

What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country?

I'm not sure.

Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries?

I'm not sure.

What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?

I'm not sure.


On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

red arrows

If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?

green arrows

If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?

Blue dash

If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present?

I'm not sure.

If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present?

I'm not sure.

If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present?

I'm not sure.


The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.

Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?

Norway

Which country has received the top rank twice?

Iceland

Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times?

I'm not sure.

Which country has received the bottom rank twice?

I'm not sure.


The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries.

The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?

national performance and ranking

Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?

Western

The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?

global

Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?

egalitarianism

The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?

I'm not sure.

Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development?

I'm not sure.

The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?

I'm not sure.

Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?

I'm not sure.


Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.

How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI?

three

In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?

Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?

The Economist

How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report?

I'm not sure.

Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012?

I'm not sure.


The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.

How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI?

How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI?

How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI?

I'm not sure.

How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI?

I'm not sure.


Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data.

What represents not changing rank?

I'm not sure.

What is relative to the HDI list?

I'm not sure.


Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report.

What dashes do not represent changes in rank?

I'm not sure.

What was published in 2001?

I'm not sure.


Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles.

What is the abbreviation for "very low human development"

I'm not sure.

What does HDMI mean?

I'm not sure.


The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile):

Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report?

I'm not sure.


Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131).

What arrows do not represent changes in rank

I'm not sure.


Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

What does HIMI stand for?

I'm not sure.

What's the abbreviation for Human non development index?

I'm not sure.


Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.

What dashes do not represent changes in rank?

I'm not sure.


Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados.

Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?

I'm not sure.


Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.

What arrows do not represent changes in rank?

I'm not sure.


Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included.

Why were all countries included?

I'm not sure.


Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of Europe, but which have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds.

What is another term for southern Europe

Mediterranean Europe

What is the name for the stretch of land on which Spain and Portugal are located?

Iberian peninsula

What nations are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?

Balkan countries

What area of France is considered a part of Mediterranean Europe?

southern France

What is the name for the stretch of land on which France and Greece are located

I'm not sure.

What is another name for northern Europe

I'm not sure.

What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe?

I'm not sure.

What area of France is considered a part of the Balkan countries?

I'm not sure.

What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern Europe?

I'm not sure.


Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora.

What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize southern Europe?

political, economic, and cultural attributes

What are three aspects of the environment of southern Europe that can be used to distinguish the region?

geography, climate, and flora

What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features?

I'm not sure.

What are three aspects of the environment of Southern Asia that can be used to distinguish the region?

I'm not sure.

What can be defined by its industries?

I'm not sure.

What area is defined by it's genealogy?

I'm not sure.

What methods can be used to define the southern Mediterranean?

I'm not sure.


Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.

What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe?

The Mediterranean climate

Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

Western and Southern coastal regions

What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate?

vegetations and landscapes

What climate is that of all of Europe?

I'm not sure.

What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes?

I'm not sure.

Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate?

I'm not sure.

What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate?

I'm not sure.

What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean?

I'm not sure.


Cooler climates can be found in certain parts of Southern European countries, for example within the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy. Additionally, the north coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate.

Where do colder areas occur within southern Europe?

mountain ranges of Spain and Italy

Where are more moist areas found in southern Europe?

north coast of Spain

What term can be used to describe the wet area of North Spain?

Atlantic climate

Where do colder areas occur within northern Europe?

I'm not sure.

Where are dry areas found in southern Europe?

I'm not sure.

What term can be used to describe the wet area of Northern Europe?

I'm not sure.

The east coast of Spain experiences what kind of climate?

I'm not sure.

Where have cooler climates recently began to warm up?

I'm not sure.


Southern Europe's flora is that of the Mediterranean Region, one of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan. The Mediterranean and Submediterranean climate regions in Europe are found in much of Southern Europe, mainly in Southern Portugal, most of Spain, the southern coast of France, Italy, the Croatian coast, much of Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, and the Mediterranean islands.

What is a word that can be used to describe the plant life of southern Europe?

phytochoria

Who coined the term phytochoria?

Armen Takhtajan

Who coined the term Submediterranean?

I'm not sure.

What is a word that can be used to describe the animal life of southern Europe?

I'm not sure.

What is found on the southern coast of Bosnia?

I'm not sure.

In what region are southern Europe's coasts found?

I'm not sure.

Where are the arctic and subarctic climate regions in Europe found?

I'm not sure.


The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.

What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities?

classical antiquity

What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece?

city-states

Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia?

Alexander the Great

What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia?

I'm not sure.

Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek?

I'm not sure.

Where did Alexander go to spread city-states?

I'm not sure.

What period began with Alexander the Great?

I'm not sure.


The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?

Rome

Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?

Constantinople

Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?

Germanic

What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?

AD 476

By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?

300 AD

What empire dominated northern Europe?

I'm not sure.

Where was the headquarters of the northern Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

Where were the headquarters of the Germanic Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

Which tribes built up the Western Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

By what year was the Germanic Empire split into two sections?

I'm not sure.


During the Middle Ages, the Eastern Roman Empire survived, though modern historians refer to this state as the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire and established kingdoms and empires of their own.

What is the Eastern Roman Empire in the Middle Ages called by contemporary scholars?

the Byzantine Empire

Who took over the remains of the Western Roman Empire?

Germanic peoples

What did Germanic people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?

kingdoms and empires of their own

What is the Western Roman Empire in the Middle ages called by contemporary scholars?

I'm not sure.

Who took over the remains of the Eastern Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

What did Roman people create in place of the Western Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

What Empire was located in Western Europe?

I'm not sure.

What empire doubled in size during the middle ages?

I'm not sure.


The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom.

What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?

the Crusades

When did Crusaders invade Constantinople?

Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders?

Genoa and Venice

What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula?

The Reconquista

What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople?

the Byzantine Empire

What is the name of the period of peaceful incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity?

I'm not sure.

When did the Byzantine Empire invade Constantinople?

I'm not sure.

Which two cities were demolished by the crusaders?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occurring in the eastern Mediterranean?

I'm not sure.

What empire was destroyed Christian Rule?

I'm not sure.


The Late Middle Ages represented a period of upheaval in Europe. The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted. Dynastic struggles and wars of conquest kept many of the states of Europe at war for much of the period. In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire, a Turkish state originating in Anatolia, encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

What era was characterized by turmoil in Europe?

The Late Middle Ages

What disease plagued Europe during the Late Middle Ages?

the Black Death

Which new regime appeared in the Balkan region during the Late Middle Ages?

the Ottoman Empire

When did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?

What era was characterized by the Ottoman Empire?

I'm not sure.

What disease plagued former Byzatine lands in the Late Middle Ages?

I'm not sure.

Which new regime appeared in the Constantinople region during the Late Middle Ages?

I'm not sure.

When did the Ottoman Empire liberate Constantinople from the Balkans?

I'm not sure.

What kept states of Europe in a famine?

I'm not sure.


Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge.

When was the start of the period known as the Renaissance?

14th century

In what city did the Renaissance begin?

Florence

What areas of knowledge were subject to much debate during the Renaissance?

science and theology

The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?

Greek and Roman

When was the start of the period known as Greek and Roman?

I'm not sure.

What city discovered lost Arabic texts?

I'm not sure.

What areas of knowledge stagnated during the Renaissance?

I'm not sure.

The encounter with the Florence printing press put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which civilizations?

I'm not sure.

What brought about rediscovery of printing press knowledge?

I'm not sure.


The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years' War. An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700. Observers at the time, and many historians since, have argued that wars caused the revolutions. Galileo Galilei, invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system. Leonardo da Vinci painted the most famous work in the world. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio.

Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista?

Portugal and Spain

When did religious conflict end in Europe?

Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed?

Spain and France

Which scientist developed a means of viewing space?

Galileo Galilei

Who was responsible for creating the first radio?

Guglielmo Marconi

Which countries initiated the Peace of Westphalia following the Reconquista?

I'm not sure.

When did revolutions end in Europe?

I'm not sure.

Between which two nations was the Thirty Years's War signed?

I'm not sure.

Which scientist developed a means of ending wars?

I'm not sure.

Who was responsible for creating the most famous continent?

I'm not sure.


European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture.

What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?

the rise of colonial empires

What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?

the Columbian Exchange

What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?

manufacturing

Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?

the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain

What resulted from Europe's Columbian exchange?

I'm not sure.

What institution of mercantilism was established with Great Britain?

I'm not sure.

What replaced colonial empires as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?

I'm not sure.

Aside from the activities of colonies what other even fostered the transition from manufacturing to agriculture?

I'm not sure.

What allowed a new economy based on subsistence agriculture?

I'm not sure.


The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire.

When were there many struggles for independence or overthrowing prevailing governments?

between 1815 and 1871

From whom did Balkan states start retaking their independence?

the Ottoman Empire

In what year was Rome conquered?

What phrase is used to describe the period marked by competition for extant lands?

The Age of Empire

When were there many struggles for Italy?

I'm not sure.

From whom did nation Roman start retaking their independence?

I'm not sure.

What year was known as The Age of the Empire?

I'm not sure.

What ended the Papal revolutionary attempt?

I'm not sure.

What phrase is used to describe the period marked by nation states?

I'm not sure.


The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was precipitated by the rise of nationalism in Southeastern Europe as the Great Powers took up sides. The Allies defeated the Central Powers in 1918. During the Paris Peace Conference the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, especially the Treaty of Versailles.

In what year did World War I begin?

When did a victor emerge in World War I?

At what event did the major Allied powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?

the Paris Peace Conference

In what year did World War II begin?

I'm not sure.

When did a stalemate occur in World War I?

I'm not sure.

At what event did the major Central Powers assert their conditions at the end of the war?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of a treaty precipitated by the rise of nationalism?

I'm not sure.

Who imposed their ideas about climate control?

I'm not sure.


The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal.

Which group took control in 1933?

The Nazi regime

Who led the Nazis?

Adolf Hitler

Which country did Hitler align Germany with?

Italy

Who was the leader of Italy when World War II started?

Mussolini

What was the military partnership between countries aligned with the Soviet Union called?

the Warsaw Pact

Which group was dominated by the Soviet Unioin in 1933?

I'm not sure.

Which country did Hitler form the European Economic Community with?

I'm not sure.

Who was the leader of the continent when World War II started?

I'm not sure.

What was the military partnership between countries aligned with Yugoslavia called?

I'm not sure.

What divided the Nazi regime?

I'm not sure.


Italy became a major industrialized country again, due to its post-war economic miracle. The European Union (EU) involved the division of powers, with taxation, health and education handled by the nation states, while the EU had charge of market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism. The Soviet economic and political system collapsed, leading to the end of communism in the satellite countries in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union itself in 1991. As a consequence, Europe's integration deepened, the continent became depolarised, and the European Union expanded to subsequently include many of the formerly communist European countries – Romania and Bulgaria (2007) and Croatia (2013).

What does EU stand for?

European Union

What was the European Union tasked with managing?

market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism

When did communism fall in allies of the Soviet Union?

When did the USSR dissolve?

In what year was Croatia admitted to the European Union?

What Soviet Union tasked with managing?

I'm not sure.

When did democracy fall in allies of the Soviet Union?

I'm not sure.

When did the EU dissovle?

I'm not sure.

In what year was Croatia admitted to the communist party?

I'm not sure.

What involved the division of formerly communist European countries?

I'm not sure.


The most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe are the Romance languages, the heirs of Latin, which have spread from the Italian peninsula, and are emblematic of Southwestern Europe. (See the Latin Arch.) By far the most common romance languages in Southern Europe are: Italian, which is spoken by over 50 million people in Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican; and Spanish, which is spoken by over 40 million people in Spain and Gibraltar. Other common romance languages include: Romanian, which is spoken in Romania and Moldova; Portuguese, which is spoken in Portugal; Catalan, which is spoken in eastern Spain; and Galician, which is spoken in northwestern Spain.

What is the most common group of languages spoken in Mediterranean Europe?

Romance languages

What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Italian speakers can be found?

Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican

Where can people who speak Catalan be found?

eastern Spain

What language is spoken in northwest Spain?

Galician

How many people in Spain and Gibraltar are Spanish speakers?

over 40 million

What is the most common group of languages spoken in Catalan?

I'm not sure.

What are the three main areas of southern Europe where Latin speakers can be found?

I'm not sure.

How many people in Spain and France are Spanish speakers?

I'm not sure.

How many people speak Italian in Europe?

I'm not sure.

What languages are emblematic of northern Europe?

I'm not sure.


The Hellenic languages or Greek language are widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus. Additionally, other varieties of Greek are spoken in small communities in parts of other European counties.

What is another term for Greek?

Hellenic

Outside of Greece itself, in what other nation is Greek a major language?

Cyprus

What is another term for Cyprus?

I'm not sure.

In what other nation is Icelandic a major language?

I'm not sure.

Where are small varieties of Latin spoken in small communities?

I'm not sure.

In what country is Greek spoken by the wealthy?

I'm not sure.

What part of Cyprus is known for its many languages?

I'm not sure.


Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.

What language is used in Macedonia?

Macedonian

What do people speak in Bulgaria?

Bulgarian

Slovene is a major language in what country?

Slovenia

What is the most common Slavic language?

I'm not sure.

Where is Bulgarian ale made?

I'm not sure.

Where is Croatian the second most common language?

I'm not sure.

What languages are spoken by millions of people in Northern Europe?

I'm not sure.

What language is spoken in both Serbia and Croatia?

I'm not sure.


English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese).

What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe?

English

Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar?

Spanish

Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta?

Maltese

What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe?

I'm not sure.

What language is the third most common in Malta?

I'm not sure.

What language is the most common in Southern Europe?

I'm not sure.

What language is the third most common in Gibraltar?

I'm not sure.

Where does English have a large presence as a primary language?

I'm not sure.


There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France.

What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?

Albanian

What type of language is Maltese?

Semitic

Where is Basque Country located?

northern Spain and southwestern France

What language is spoken in Cyprus?

I'm not sure.

What type of language is Albanian?

I'm not sure.

Where is Malta located?

I'm not sure.

What is the second most common language in Albania?

I'm not sure.

What is the second most common language in the Basque Country?

I'm not sure.


The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe — e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy — are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe — e.g., Greece, Macedonia — are generally Greek Orthodox.

What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?

Christianity

When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?

380 AD

What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?

Roman Catholic

Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?

Greek Orthodox

What is the main faith practiced in western Europe?

I'm not sure.

When did the Romans say that Christianity was true?

I'm not sure.

What denomination of Christianity was common in Constantinople?

I'm not sure.

Which denomination of Christianity was most common during the Roman Empire?

I'm not sure.

Why are different branches of Christianity spread evenly over Europe?

I'm not sure.


For its official works and publications, the United Nations Organization groups countries under a classification of regions. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. Southern Europe, as grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), includes following countries and territories:

What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of nations?

regions

What is the reason for the UNO's division into regions?

statistical convenience

What smaller unit makes up the southern Europe region?

sub-regions

What term is used by the UNO to divide groups of cities?

I'm not sure.

What is the reason for the UNO's official works?

I'm not sure.

What smaller units are recorded in newspaper publications?

I'm not sure.

What does not imply a religious affiliation?

I'm not sure.

Who groups countries according to political affiliation?

I'm not sure.


European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:

What does TDM stand for?

Tourism Decision Metrics

Which group uses TDM as a metric?

European Travel Commission

Which group uses European regions as a metric?

I'm not sure.

Who divides the mountainous regions?

I'm not sure.

What model shows countries grouped by population?

I'm not sure.

What region does Ireland belong to?

I'm not sure.

Who divides the Asian region?

I'm not sure.


BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936.

What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?

BBC

Under what auspices does the BBC exist?

Royal charter

When did the BBC start creating its own programming?

On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?

2 November 1936

In what country is the BBC headquartered?

United Kingdom

What type of charter has the BBC operated under since 1932?

I'm not sure.

The BBC has produced what since 1927?

I'm not sure.

What does the date of 3 November 1926 signify?

I'm not sure.

What is BCB Television a service of?

I'm not sure.


The domestic TV BBC television channels are broadcast without any commercial advertising and collectively they account for more than 30% of all UK viewing. The services are funded by a television licence.

What percentage of viewership across the UK is constituted by the BBC?

What are BBC channels broadcast without?

I'm not sure.

How much UK viewing do domestic BCB channels account for?

I'm not sure.

What are commercial services funded by?

I'm not sure.


The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distinction between the two terms in the UK), and related programming services in the United Kingdom. As well as being a broadcaster, the corporation also produces a large number of its own programmes in-house, thereby ranking as one of the world's largest television production companies.

As a result of shows that the BBC itself creates, it is one of the biggest what?

television production companies

Where does the BBC operate several station networks?

I'm not sure.

What two terms are there distinction between?

I'm not sure.

What ranks as one of the United Kingdom's largest television production companies?

I'm not sure.


Baird Television Ltd. made Britain's first television broadcast, on 30 September 1929 from its studio in Long Acre, London, via the BBC's London transmitter, using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird. This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines – just enough resolution for a close-up of one person, and with a bandwidth low enough to use existing radio transmitters. Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture was achieved on 30 March 1930, by using the BBC's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park. By late 1930, 30 minutes of morning programmes were broadcast Monday to Friday, and 30 minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays, after BBC radio went off the air. Baird broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932.

On what date was the first TV show seen in the UK?

30 September 1929

From where was the first TV show in the UK broadcasted?

Long Acre, London

How many lines made up the picture on Britain's earliest TV broadcasts?

When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC?

June 1932

When were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time?

30 March 1930

What was made on 29 September 1930?

I'm not sure.

What was used, created by Logie John Baird, to make the Britain's first television broadcast?

I'm not sure.

What was achieved on 30 March 1932?

I'm not sure.

What year did BBC radio go off the air?

I'm not sure.

What continued until June 1930?

I'm not sure.


The BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. The studio moved to larger quarters in 16 Portland Place, London, in February 1934, and continued broadcasting the 30-line images, carried by telephone line to the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park, until 11 September 1935, by which time advances in all-electronic television systems made the electromechanical broadcasts obsolete.

Where was the BBC's first studio located?

Broadcasting House, London

What was the medium that brought the BBC's signal to the transmitter?

telephone line

What term characterizes the type of broadcast made by the BBC prior to late 1935?

electromechanical

Where was the BBC's second studio located?

16 Portland Place, London

When did the BBC first change studios?

February 1934

What did the BBC begin on 30 August 1932?

I'm not sure.

Where did the studio move to in February 1935?

I'm not sure.

When were 35-line images broadcast until?

I'm not sure.

What was carried from medium wave transmitters to telephone lines?

I'm not sure.

What park were the telephone lines located in?

I'm not sure.


After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting Monday to Saturday from 15:00 to 16:00 and 21:00 to 22:00.

Where did the BBC continue broadcasting from in October of 1936?

Alexandra Palace

What frequency band was used by the BBC starting in 1936?

VHF

How many lines did the Baird transmission contain?

How many lines did the Marconi-EMI transmission contain?

On what days did the BBC provide regular broadcasts?

Monday to Saturday

What officially resumed on 1 August 1936?

I'm not sure.

What housed scenery offices and make-up stores?

I'm not sure.

On what schedule were the 405-line Baird system and the 240-line Marconi system used?

I'm not sure.

What type of service was broadcast from 15:00 to 21:00?

I'm not sure.

What was broadcasting on the VFH band?

I'm not sure.


The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937.

For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems?

six months

What kind of camera was used to broadcast live shows under the Baird system?

Farnsworth image dissector

When was the Baird system officially abandoned?

13 February 1937

How long did two systems run on a trial basis for?

I'm not sure.

What type of camera did the Baird image dissector use?

I'm not sure.

What ended on Saturday 17 February 1933?

I'm not sure.


Initially, the station's range was officially a 40 kilometres radius of the Alexandra Palace transmitter—in practice, however, transmissions could be picked up a good deal further away, and on one occasion in 1938 were picked up by engineers at RCA in New York, who were experimenting with a British television set.

How far from its studio could the BBC's broadcast originally reach?

40 kilometres

In what year were BBC broadcasts seen in the United States?

What company did the U.S. engineers who saw the BBC broadcast work for?

RCA

What did the RCA employees use in order to receive the BBC signal?

a British television set

What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter?

I'm not sure.

What was picked up in 1940 by engineers at RCA in New York?

I'm not sure.

What were engineers experimenting with in Alexandra?

I'm not sure.


Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park. Television production was switched from Baird's company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 August 1932, and continued until September 1935. Regularly scheduled electronically scanned television began from Alexandra Palace in London on 2 November 1936, to just a few hundred viewers in the immediate area. The first programme broadcast – and thus the first ever, on a dedicated TV channel – was "Opening of the BBC Television Service" at 15:00. The first major outside broadcast was the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in May 1937. The service was reaching an estimated 25,000–40,000 homes before the outbreak of World War II which caused the service to be suspended in September 1939. The VHF broadcasts would have provided an ideal radio beacon for German bombers homing in on London, and the engineers and technicians of the service would be needed for the war effort, in particular the radar programme.

Where was the BBC's transmitter located in 1930?

Brookmans Park

When did the BBC start broadcasting under the name BBC One?

2 August 1932

What was the title of the first show seen on the BBC?

Opening of the BBC Television Service

Which members of British royalty were seen on the BBC in May of 1937?

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth

When did the BBC cease broadcasts due to World War II?

September 1939

What year did 30-line television broadcasts by Logie John Baird begin?

I'm not sure.

When was BBC One established?

I'm not sure.

What began on 2 November 1935?

I'm not sure.

What broadcast event took place in September 1939?

I'm not sure.

What happened to service in May of 1939?

I'm not sure.


On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon.

What did the British fear could provide guidance to the German air force?

VHF transmissions

What part of the military did many people working for the BBC end up serving in?

the radar programme

What was the final thing shown on the BBC before it was shut down for the war?

Mickey's Gala Premier

When did most people mistakenly remember the last broadcast as having ended?

before the end of the cartoon

What day did Britain declare war on Germany?

I'm not sure.

What year was Mickey's Gala Premier written?

I'm not sure.

What was the station concerned about with regard to VHF transmissions?

I'm not sure.

What were many of the television service's technical radar staff needed for in the war effort?

I'm not sure.


According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war.

How many TVs were made between 1936 and the start of the war in 1939?

How many television sets had been manufactured by 1939?

I'm not sure.

When did production of radio sets end?

I'm not sure.

What caused the halt in production of radio sets?

I'm not sure.


BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]

Who was the first person to speak on BBC when it was turned back on following World War II?

Jasmine Bligh

On what date did BBC return to the air after World War II?

7 June 1946

In the decade following the war, where did a large portion of the BBC move to?

Lime Grove Studios

What character was featured in the cartoon aired the day BBC broadcasting was restored?

Mickey Mouse

What returned on 6 June 1947?

I'm not sure.

Who was Alexandra Bligh?

I'm not sure.

What studio did the channel switch to in 1946 from Alexandra Place?

I'm not sure.

What 1950's cartoon aired the day BBC returned?

I'm not sure.


Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]

What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?

Birmingham

Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?

Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?

405-line interlaced image

On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?

VHF

What year was broadcast coverage extended to Sutton?

I'm not sure.

The Coldfield Birmingham transmitting station helped cover what area in 1949?

I'm not sure.

What did postwar coverage consist of?

I'm not sure.


Television transmissions resumed from Alexandra Palace in 1946. The BBC Television Service (renamed "BBC tv" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week. The channel also introduced the science fiction show Doctor Who on 23 November 1963 - at 17:16 - which went on to become one of Britain's most iconic and beloved television programmes.

What was the name of the BBC changed to in 1960?

BBC tv

What was the BBC's main competitor?

ITV

What program debuted on November 23, 1963?

Doctor Who

Where did the BBC broadcast from following World War II?

Alexandra Palace

What happened with television transmissions in 1964?

I'm not sure.

What was BBC Service Television renamed in 1960?

I'm not sure.

What show was introduced on 23 November 1973 at 16:16?

I'm not sure.

What did the BBC do with the network, IVT?

I'm not sure.


BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by a fire at Battersea Power Station. A videotape made on the opening night was rediscovered in 2003 by a BBC technician. In the end the launch went ahead the following night, hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle. BBC2 was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures, giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system.

What was the first station launched after the original BBC?

ITV

What was the third network started in the UK?

What prevented BBC2 from broadcasting on its scheduled launch date?

massive power failure

Where was the cause of the power outage?

Battersea Power Station

Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?

Denis Tuohy

What channel was launched that caused BBC TV to be renamed BBC2?

I'm not sure.

When was BBC2 launched?

I'm not sure.

Where did the fire at Battersea Station Power cause a massive power failure?

I'm not sure.

What was discovered in 2003 by an ITV technician?

I'm not sure.

What was the first channel to use UHF and 405-line pictures?

I'm not sure.


On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon.

What was the first station to show programs in color?

BBC Two

When did the other two major British stations start color programming?

15 November 1969

What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two?

soap opera or standard news programming

Who was the first controller of BBC2?

Sir David Attenborough

What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor?

documentaries

What happened on 1 July 1969?

I'm not sure.

What did BBC One and ITV begin on 15 November 1967?

I'm not sure.

Who commissioned Horizon and The Ascent of Civilisation?

I'm not sure.

What does BBC Two air along with soap operas and standard news programming?

I'm not sure.


In 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoons first aired on BBC One, with around 2 episodes shown every evening at 17:00, with occasional morning showings on CBBC. The BBC stopped airing the famous cartoon duo in 2000.

When was the first broadcast of Tom and Jerry on BBC One?

When was the final broadcast of Tom and Jerry?

How many episodes of Tom and Jerry were shown in the evenings?

On what channel was Tom and Jerry sometimes shown in the mornings?

CBBC

What cartoons first aired in 1976?

I'm not sure.

What channel showed the cartoons every morning?

I'm not sure.

How many episodes were shown in the mornings?

I'm not sure.


David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.

Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?

BBC Natural History Unit

When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?

the 1950s

What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?

Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet

Who joined the BBC History Unit?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet?

I'm not sure.

When did David Attenborough take his sabbatical leave?

I'm not sure.


National and regional variations also occur within the BBC One and BBC Two schedules. England's BBC One output is split up into fifteen regions (such as South West and East), which exist mainly to produce local news programming, but also occasionally opt out of the network to show programmes of local importance (such as major local events). The other nations of the United Kingdom (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) have been granted more autonomy from the English network; for example, programmes are mostly introduced by local announcers, rather than by those in London. BBC One and BBC Two schedules in the other UK nations can vary immensely from BBC One and BBC Two in England.

How many different areas does BBC One accommodate with customized broadcasting?

fifteen

Which parts of the UK have more control over their BBC broadcasts?

Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

Who hosts shows on BBC broadcasts outside of England?

local announcers

What kind of coverage might take precedence over standard BBC programming?

major local events

How many regions is BBC Two's output split up into?

I'm not sure.

What city are the announcers of Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland mostly from?

I'm not sure.

What occurs between national and local BBC schedules?

I'm not sure.


Programmes, such as the politically fuelled Give My Head Peace (produced by BBC Northern Ireland) and the soap opera River City (produced by BBC Scotland), have been created specifically to cater for some viewers in their respective nations, who may have found programmes created for English audiences irrelevant. BBC Scotland produces daily programmes for its Gaelic-speaking viewers, including current affairs, political and children's programming such as the popular Eòrpa and Dè a-nis?. BBC Wales also produces a large amount of Welsh language programming for S4C, particularly news, sport and other programmes, especially the soap opera Pobol y Cwm ('People of the Valley'). The UK nations also produce a number of programmes that are shown across the UK, such as BBC Scotland's comedy series Chewin' the Fat, and BBC Northern Ireland's talk show Patrick Kielty Almost Live.

What is the name of a political show shown on BBC in Northern Ireland?

Give My Head Peace

What is the name of a Scottish soap opera?

River City

What language does BBC Scotland provide programming for?

Gaelic

What is a well-known Gaelic program?

Eòrpa and Dè a-nis?

What is the name of a show from Northern Ireland broadcast all over the United Kingdom?

Patrick Kielty Almost Live

What type of program is Give My Head Peace, produced by BBC Scotland?

I'm not sure.

What type o program is Patrick Kielty Almost Live, shown on BBC Scotland?

I'm not sure.

What popular children's show does BBC Wales produce for its Gaelic-speaking viewers?

I'm not sure.

What type of program is River City, produced by BBC Northern Ireland?

I'm not sure.

What type of program is Chewin' the Fat, shown on BBC Northern Ireland?

I'm not sure.


The BBC is also renowned for its production of costume dramas, such as Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice and contemporary social dramas such as Boys from the Blackstuff and Our Friends in the North. The BBC has come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies, and indeed is legally required to source 25% of its output from such companies by the terms of the Broadcasting Act 1990. Programmes have also been imported mainly from English-speaking countries: notable—though no longer shown—examples include The Simpsons from the United States and Neighbours from Australia. Because of the availability of programmes in English, few programmes need use sub-titles or dubbing unlike much European television.

How much of its programming must the BBC obtain from other content producers?

What is a popular American show that was shown on the BBC?

The Simpsons

What is a television show from Australia that was shown on the BBC?

Neighbours

What programs have been imported from English speaking countries and are currently shown?

I'm not sure.

Based on the Independent Broadcasting Act, how much output is required to be from independent British production companies?

I'm not sure.

What year was the Independent Broadcasting Act written?

I'm not sure.


The BBC also introduced Ceefax, the first teletext service, starting in 1974. This service allows BBC viewers to view textual information such as the latest news on their television. CEEFAX has not made a full transition to digital television, instead being replaced by the new interactive BBCi service.

What kind of service was Ceefax?

teletext

When was Ceefax launched?

What is the modern replacement for Ceefax?

BBCi

What service was launched in 1947?

I'm not sure.

When did Ceefax make the full transition to digital television?

I'm not sure.

Ceefex replaced what interactive service?

I'm not sure.


In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years.

When did the BBC say it would start using a satellite to transit its signal?

May 2003

What was the name of the satellite from which the BBC's signal was sent?

Astra 2D satellite

Due to delays, when was the actual date of the BBC's move to satellite broadcasts?

14 July

How much money was the move to satellite worth to the station over the following half decade?

£85 million

What did BBC announce in May 2003?

I'm not sure.

How much money was the move estimated to save over the next 15 years?

I'm not sure.

When did the switch to the Astra 2D satellite begin?

I'm not sure.


While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?

Western Europe

What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?

Hollywood studios and sporting organisations

On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?

Sky Digital

What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?

Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football

What was smaller than the footprint of the Astra 2D satellite?

I'm not sure.

What concerns with Western Europe did "free-to-air" bring up?

I'm not sure.

What happened to some programs on the Digital Sky Platform?

I'm not sure.


On 5 July 2004, the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins (although it had produced the Television Newsreel for several years before 1954). This event was marked by the release of a DVD, which showed highlights of the BBC's television coverage of significant events over the half-century, as well as changes in the format of the BBC television news; from the newsreel format of the first BBC Television News bulletins, to the 24-hour, worldwide news coverage available in 2004. A special edition of Radio Times was also produced, as well as a special section of the BBC News Online website. In 2005 the pioneering BBC television series Little Angels won a BAFTA award. Little Angels was the first reality parenting show and its most famous episode saw Welsh actress Jynine James try to cope with the tantrums of her six-year-old son.

When was the 50th anniversary of BBC news broadcasts?

5 July 2004

On what form of media was a retrospective of the BBC's news broadcasts released to commemorate its 50th anniversary?

DVD

In what format were the BBC's first new bulletins shown?

Newsreel

What reality series was awarded a BAFTA in 2005?

Little Angels

What was the date the BBC celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its television newsreel?

I'm not sure.

What kind of edition of Times Radio was produced?

I'm not sure.

What series won a BATFA award?

I'm not sure.

What was the first reality television show on BBC?

I'm not sure.


The BBC Television department headed by Jana Bennett was absorbed into a new, much larger group; BBC Vision, in late 2006. The new group was part of larger restructuring within the BBC with the onset of new media outlets and technology.

Who was the leader of BBC Television in 2006?

Jana Bennett

What did BBC Television get absorbed into?

BBC Vision

What caused the move of BBC Television into the BBC VIsion unit?

the onset of new media outlets and technology

BBC Vision was absorbed into what?

I'm not sure.

What year was Jana Bennett the leader of BBC Vision?

I'm not sure.

What caused the moved of BBC Vision into the BBC Television unit?

I'm not sure.


In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online.

When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming?

When was full coverage of the BBC's standard programming launched in online stream format?

November 2008

In what month of 2008 did the BBC begin to experiment with live streaming?

I'm not sure.

What year were all channels able to be streamed online?

I'm not sure.


In February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters.

As of early 2016, what BBC show has been sold outside of the country the most times?

Keeping Up Appearances

How many sales of Keeping Up Appearances have been made to non-British buyers?

nearly 1000

Who announced the status of Keeping Up Appearances as the most exported BBC show?

BBC Worldwide

What was confirmed about Keeping Up With Appearances?

I'm not sure.

How many times was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters?

I'm not sure.


The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels are funded by advertisements and subscription.

How often are people required to remit the TV license fee?

annually

How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue?

advertisements and subscription

How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels?

I'm not sure.

What is it that subscriptions pay for?

I'm not sure.


As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen.

When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television?

Who is the current head of BBC Television?

Danny Cohen

What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television?

commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting

What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century?

I'm not sure.

Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels?

I'm not sure.

What is responsible for scheduling all programs?

I'm not sure.


BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded.

When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?

December 2004

When did BBC Japan shut down?

April 2006

What was the genre of BBC Japan?

general entertainment

What was BBC Japanese considered?

I'm not sure.

What folded after a Japanese distributor ceased?

I'm not sure.

What ran from April 2004 until December 2006?

I'm not sure.


Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (/ˈʃwɔːrtsənˌɛɡər/; German: [ˈaɐ̯nɔlt ˈalɔʏs ˈʃvaɐ̯tsn̩ˌɛɡɐ]; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, investor, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician. He served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011.

What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's birth date?

July 30, 1947

What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's middle name?

Alois

How many terms did Schwarzenegger serve as California's governor?

two


Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest bodybuilders of all times as well as its biggest icon. Schwarzenegger gained worldwide fame as a Hollywood action film icon. His breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit and resulted in a sequel. In 1984, he appeared in James Cameron's science-fiction thriller film The Terminator, which was a massive critical and box-office success. Schwarzenegger subsequently reprised the Terminator character in the franchise's later installments in 1991, 2003, and 2015. He appeared in a number of successful films, such as Commando (1985), The Running Man (1987), Predator (1987), Twins (1988), Total Recall (1990), Kindergarten Cop (1990) and True Lies (1994). He was nicknamed the "Austrian Oak" in his bodybuilding days, "Arnie" during his acting career, and "The Governator" (a portmanteau of "Governor" and "The Terminator", one of his best-known movie roles).

How old was Schwarzenegger when he started bodybuilding?

How many times was Schwarzenegger awarded the Mr. Olympia title?

seven

For which film from 1982 did Schwarzenegger first gain fame?

Conan the Barbarian

How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Universe?

What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career?

Arnie


As a Republican, he was first elected on October 7, 2003, in a special recall election to replace then-Governor Gray Davis. Schwarzenegger was sworn in on November 17, to serve the remainder of Davis's term. Schwarzenegger was then re-elected on November 7, 2006, in California's 2006 gubernatorial election, to serve a full term as governor, defeating Democrat Phil Angelides, who was California State Treasurer at the time. Schwarzenegger was sworn in for his second term on January 5, 2007. In 2011, Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor.

What year marked the end of Schwarzenegger's second term in the governor's office?

What political party did Schwarzenegger belong to?

Republican

What governor did Schwarzenegger replace?

Gray Davis

What date marked the start of Schwarzenegger's second gubernatorial term?

January 5, 2007


Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 – December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (née Jadrny; July 29, 1922 – August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938, though he was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. He married Arnold's mother on October 20, 1945;– he was 38, and she was 23 years old. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: "Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared." He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday.

What country was Schwarzenegger born in?

Austria

What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name?

Jadrny

What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?

Gustav

What was Schwarzenegger's dad's job in their town?

chief of police


Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard (July 17, 1946 – May 20, 1971), over Arnold. His favoritism was "strong and blatant," which stemmed from unfounded suspicion that Arnold was not his biological child. Schwarzenegger has said his father had "no patience for listening or understanding your problems." Schwarzenegger had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. In later life, Schwarzenegger commissioned the Simon Wiesenthal Center to research his father's wartime record, which came up with no evidence of Gustav's being involved in atrocities, despite Gustav's membership in the Nazi Party and SA. Schwarzenegger's father's background received wide press attention during the 2003 California recall campaign. At school, Schwarzenegger was apparently in the middle but stood out for his "cheerful, good-humored and exuberant" character. Money was a problem in their household; Schwarzenegger recalled that one of the highlights of his youth was when the family bought a refrigerator.

What was Schwarzenegger's older brother's name?

Meinhard

What appliance did Schwarzenegger's family buy that he called a highlight of his youth?

refrigerator


As a boy, Schwarzenegger played several sports, heavily influenced by his father. He picked up his first barbell in 1960, when his soccer coach took his team to a local gym. At the age of 14, he chose bodybuilding over soccer as a career. Schwarzenegger has responded to a question asking if he was 13 when he started weightlifting: "I actually started weight training when I was 15, but I'd been participating in sports, like soccer, for years, so I felt that although I was slim, I was well-developed, at least enough so that I could start going to the gym and start Olympic lifting." However, his official website biography claims: "At 14, he started an intensive training program with Dan Farmer, studied psychology at 15 (to learn more about the power of mind over body) and at 17, officially started his competitive career." During a speech in 2001, he said, "My own plan formed when I was 14 years old. My father had wanted me to be a police officer like he was. My mother wanted me to go to trade school." Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen. When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: "As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible, when others around me didn't always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve." In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz. He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends, when it was usually closed, so that he could train. "It would make me sick to miss a workout... I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it." When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first movie experience as a boy, he replied: "I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie."

What sport Schwarzenegger played led to a trip to the gym that sparked his love of weightlifting?

soccer

Who starred in the first movie Schwarzenegger remembers seeing?

John Wayne

What job did Schwarzenegger's father want him to pursue?

police officer

Which of Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding idols died in 2000?

Steve Reeves


On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident. Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States. Gustav died the following year from a stroke. In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film. Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother. Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.

What year did Schwarzenegger's brother die?

What is Meinhard's son named?

Patrick

What caused Schwarzenegger's father Gustav's death?

stroke

Who was the first woman Schwarzenegger was serious about?

Barbara Baker


In an interview with Fortune in 2004, Schwarzenegger told how he suffered what "would now be called child abuse" at the hands of his father: "My hair was pulled. I was hit with belts. So was the kid next door. It was just the way it was. Many of the children I've seen were broken by their parents, which was the German-Austrian mentality. They didn't want to create an individual. It was all about conforming. I was one who did not conform, and whose will could not be broken. Therefore, I became a rebel. Every time I got hit, and every time someone said, 'you can't do this,' I said, 'this is not going to be for much longer, because I'm going to move out of here. I want to be rich. I want to be somebody.'"

What magazine revealed the details of Schwarzenegger's childhood punishments in 2004?

Fortune


Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian Army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males. During his army service, he won the Junior Mr. Europe contest. He went AWOL during basic training so he could take part in the competition and spent a week in military prison: "Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences." He won another bodybuilding contest in Graz, at Steirer Hof Hotel (where he had placed second). He was voted best built man of Europe, which made him famous. "The Mr. Universe title was my ticket to America – the land of opportunity, where I could become a star and get rich." Schwarzenegger made his first plane trip in 1966, attending the NABBA Mr. Universe competition in London. He would come in second in the Mr. Universe competition, not having the muscle definition of American winner Chester Yorton.

Which bodybuilding title did Schwarzenegger call his "ticket to America"?

Mr. Universe

Which competition did Schwarzenegger go AWOL to participate in?

Junior Mr. Europe

When did Schwarzenegger take an airplane for the first time ever?

In what city was the 1966 NABBA Mr. Universe competition held?

London