Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel. Although Güshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama "supreme authority" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Güshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Güshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Güshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually "expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokiteśvara through the performance of rituals," by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Güshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet.

Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for?

Lozang Gyatso

What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama?

his conquest of Tibet

Who did Güshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet?

the Dalai Lama

Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to?

the regent Sonam Chöpel

The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom?

Güshi Khan


Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606–1645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612–1678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened administration of Tibet." However, Kolmaš states that the Dalai Lama was very observant of what was going on in China and accepted a Manchu invitation in 1640 to send envoys to their capital at Mukden in 1642, before the Ming collapsed. Dawa Norbu, William Rockhill, and George N. Patterson write that when the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1644–1661) of the subsequent Qing dynasty invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing in 1652, Shunzhi treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet. Patterson writes that this was an effort of Shunzhi to secure an alliance with Tibet that would ultimately lead to the establishment of Manchu rule over Mongolia. In this meeting with the Qing emperor, Goldstein asserts that the Dalai Lama was not someone to be trifled with due to his alliance with Mongol tribes, some of which were declared enemies of the Qing. Van Praag states that Tibet and the Dalai Lama's power was recognized by the "Manchu Emperor, the Mongolian Khans and Princes, and the rulers of Ladakh, Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sikkim."

Who did the the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to?

the rebellion of Li Zicheng

According to Kolmaš who accepted an invite from a Manchu to send envoys to the capital at Mukden?

the Dalai Lama

Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet?

Shunzhi


When the Dzungar Mongols attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet, the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722) responded to Tibetan pleas for aid with his own expedition to Tibet, occupying Lhasa in 1720. By 1751, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796), a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison was established in Tibet. As of 1751, Albert Kolb writes that "Chinese claims to suzerainty over Tibet date from this time."

Who tried to spread their territory into Tibet?

the Dzungar Mongols

Who helped the Tibetan?

the Kangxi Emperor

When did the Kangxi Emperor occupy Lhasa?

When was The Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet?

When did the Qianlong Emperor reign?


The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.

Which company produces the iPod?

Apple

When was the original iPod released?

October 23, 2001

How many different types of iPod are currently available?

three

What kind of device is the iPod?

portable media players

The iPod Touch uses what kind of interface?

touchscreen

In what year was the first iPod released?

What company manufactures the iPod?

Apple

How many versions of the iPod currently exist?

Which is the smallest version of the iPod?

Shuffle

In what year was the iPod most recently redesigned?


Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).

In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?

data storage

What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?

2 GB

What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?

128 GB

Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?

iPod Shuffle

Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?

iPod Touch

What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?

2 GB

What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?

128 GB


Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

What Apple program is used to communicate between computers and portable devices?

iTunes

Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?

Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows

What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?

iTunes


Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.

Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?

one

In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod?

iPhone

With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?

iOS 5

In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?

What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?

"Music" and "Videos"


In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous models and is built to be roughly on par with the iPhone 5S. It is available in 5 different colors: Space grey, pink, gold, silver and Product (red).

What processor model is used in the iPod Touch?

Which generation of iPod Touch was made availalbe in July of 2015?

sixth

What's the most recent generation of iPod Touch?

sixth

In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released?

What type of processor does the current iPod Touch use?

In how many colors is the current iPod Touch available?


Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful," so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work. The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone. The product ("the Walkman of the twenty-first century" ) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."

In what year was the iPod first introduced?

In what year did iPod sales show improvement?

Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group?

Jon Rubinstein

What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?

Braun T3 transistor radio

What was the storage capacity of the first iPod?

5 GB

in what year was the original iPod released?

How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?

5 GB

What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?

the Walkman

What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?

Jon Rubinstein

Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?

Toshiba


Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).

Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod?

Pixo

What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?

Chicago

In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released?

The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font?

Helvetica

Who supervised the design and implementation of the iPod user interface?

Steve Jobs

What software did Apple use as the basis for their iPod software?

PortalPlayer

What typeface does the current iPod use?

Helvetica


In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store.

In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced?

For what musical group was a special edition of the iPod first made?

What color was the metal on the U2 version of the iPod?

black

What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?

video

Of what band did Apple present a special edition iPod 5G?

What color was the special U2 iPod model?

black

In what year did apple release the special U2 model of the iPod?


In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in 1979. Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981, which he called the IXI. He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.

Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?

Burst.com

Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?

Kane Kramer

In what country did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?

UK

In what year did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?

What did Kane Kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent?

IXI

What patent holding company sued Apple in 2007?

Burst.com

What was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981?

IXI

Who was the holder of the previous patent for the "plastic music box"?

Kane Kramer


The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship. Chieco saw an analogy to the relationship between the spaceship and the smaller independent pods in the relationship between a personal computer and the music player. Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000, but had apparently been discontinued by 2001. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.

Who came up with the name for Apple's portable mp3 player?

Vinnie Chieco

What was Vinnie Chieco's profession?

freelance copywriter

What film inspired the name of the iPod?

2001: A Space Odyssey

Who first trademarked the iPod name?

Joseph N. Grasso

In what year was Apple given rights to the iPod name?

What movie inspired the iPod name?

2001: A Space Odyssey

What was the name of the copywriter that proposed the name "iPod"?

Vinnie Chieco

Who held the original trademark for the iPod name?

Joseph N. Grasso


In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont.

When were images of new iPod colors leaked?

Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors?

Pierre Dandumont

What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors?

What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015?

Who first leaked the photos of the new iPod color scheme?

Pierre Dandumont


The third-generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests. The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth-generation iPods. The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods?

weak bass response

What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?

high-impedance

What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?

external headphone amplifier

What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods?

bass

What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?

undersized DC-blocking capacitors


For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments.

What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?

Bass

Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods.

R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster

What specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion?

clipping

iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?

What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?

R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster


From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version.

What type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen iPods?

hearing loss

In what markets did 6th gen iPods limit the highest volume of the player?

EU

What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU?

100 dB

In what country did Apple have to recall iPods?

France

What is the highest volume output level of European 6th-generation iPods?

100 dB

What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels?

France


Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?

FireWire

What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?

power adapter

What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?

FireWire


The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.

In which generation did iPod start providing compatibility with USB?

third generation

What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?

30-pin dock connector

Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?

fifth

Starting with which generation of iPod Nano was FireWire charging functionality no longer available?

fourth

What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer?

3.5 mm minijack

Which generation iPod was the first to include the 30-pin dock connector?

third generation

Which model of iPod combined the headphone jack and data port?

Shuffle

What interface was gradually phased out for both charging and data transfer?

FireWire

What interface replaced FireWire in later iterations of the iPod?

USB


The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback. Apple sells a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi, but most are manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen. Because the dock connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.

Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced?

iPod Hi-Fi

What are two companies that make iPod accessories?

Belkin and Griffin

What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals?

dock connector

What is the condition for third parties using the dock connector?

paying royalties

The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?

third parties

What's the name of the now-discontinued accessory manufactured by Apple, that connected via the iPod's dock connector?

iPod Hi-Fi


Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.

What new connector did Apple unveil on September 12, 2012?

Lightning

What other Apple product was unveiled on September 12, 2012?

seventh generation iPod Nano

How man pins did the pre-Lightning dock connecter use?

How many pins did the Lightning connector have?

On how many sides of the Lightning connector are the pins located?

both sides

What's Apple's code name for the newer 8-pin dock connector?

Lightning

What was the first iPod Touch generation to feature the Lightning connector?

fifth generation


Many accessories have been made for the iPod line. A large number are made by third party companies, although many, such as the iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective case, screen films, and wireless earphones. Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.

What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?

iPod Hi-Fi

What is an example of an iPod accessory made work exercise?

Nike+iPod pedometer

What are six companies that made some of the first peripherals for the iPod?

Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation

What can A/V cables be used to connect the iPod to?

TV

Who manufactures a pedometer accessory for the iPod?

Nike

Which company manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi accessory?

Apple


BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti and Volkswagen. Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

What company was first to create a means of connecting the iPod to an automobile?

BMW

In what year did Apple reveal that it would provide compatibility with a wide range of auto manufacturers?

Which company provides the ability to connect to iPods as a standard feature in their automobiles?

Scion

Which car company released the first automobile interface for the iPod?

BMW

Which car company first offered iPod connectivity as a standard feature on their whole product line?

Scion


Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.

What companies have developed iPod interfacing for their stereo systems?

JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon

What type of transmitter is used in the iTrip?

FM

What has become a standard inclusion in cars for several different auto companies?

audio input jacks

Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?

FM transmitters

What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models?

audio input jacks


Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.

In 2007, which airlines made deals to include iPod connections on their planes?

United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates

Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface?

individual seat-back displays

What are two airlines that considered implementing iPod connections but did not join the 2007 agreement?

KLM and Air France

Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods?

United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates

In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?


The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Mac OS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second generation model. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox).

What is the name of an audio format developed by Apple?

Apple Lossless

Which product enabled users to view images on the device?

iPod photo

What Microsoft media format is not natively supported by Apple devices?

WMA

What does DRM stand for?

Digital Rights Management

What computer OS did iPod software exclusively work with at launch?

Mac OS

What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?

MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless

What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?

iPod photo


During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?

one

What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?

library

What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?

host computer


iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5" touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include a lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS.

How many buttons do most iPods use?

five

On what part of newer iPods can you find the buttons?

click wheel

Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle?

earphone cable

What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?

touch screen

What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?

iPhone

Most iPods feature how many buttons?

five

The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?

Shuffle

Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?

iPhone


The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006.

When was the Apple iTunes Store launched?

April 29, 2003

What program is required to access the iTunes Store?

iTunes

When were videos made available through the iTunes store?

October 12, 2005

When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?

September 12, 2006

In what year was the iTunes store established?

In what year did videos first become available on iTunes?

When were full-length moved added to the iTunes store?


At the time the store was introduced, purchased audio files used the AAC format with added encryption, based on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods could play the files. Burning the files with iTunes as an audio CD, then re-importing would create music files without the DRM. The DRM could also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called "iTunes Plus." While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30¢ more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$0.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks. On January 6, 2009, Apple announced that DRM has been removed from 80% of the music catalog, and that it would be removed from all music by April 2009.

When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?

AAC

How many computers were allowed to play files that used the FairPlay DRM system?

five

In what category could files without digital rights management be found on the iTunes store?

iTunes Plus

When did Apple reveal that most of the iTunes selection was free from DRM?

January 6, 2009

By what time did Apple project its entire catalog would be free of DRM?

April 2009

What was the original format for purchased audio files on iTunes?

AAC

What was the name of the DRM system originally used by Apple and iTunes?

FairPlay

What was the name of the premium service that offered higher quality and DRM-free songs?

iTunes Plus

In what year was DRM completely eliminated from the iTunes offerings?


iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

What are two stores which sell files with DRM not compatible with iPods?

Napster and MSN Music

For what device's sales does Apple leverage the iTunes store?

iPods

The iPod can play music from other online stores as long as they don't contain what feature?

DRM


Universal Music Group decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store on July 3, 2007. Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.

What company ended its deal with Apple's music store in July of 2007?

Universal Music Group

What entity did Universal have a contract with prior to July of 2007?

iTunes Store

In what year did Universal Music Group let their contract with iTunes lapse?


Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...". This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection, or, in the case of an iPhone, the telephone network.

What was the name of the event at which the iTunes Wi-Fi store was launched?

The Beat Goes On...

On what date was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store launched?

September 5, 2007

In what year was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store introduced?

Which Apple device has the ability to sync with iTunes via the phone network?

iPhone


Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz.

On what devices can video games be used?

iPods

What was included on the first iPod?

Brick

Who created Brick?

Steve Wozniak

What are three games, in addition to Brick, which have been included with the iPod?

Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz

What is another phrase meaning hidden feature?

easter egg

What was the first, hidden game included with the original iPod?

Brick

What other games were later added to the original iPod?

Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz


In September 2006, the iTunes Store began to offer additional games for purchase with the launch of iTunes 7, compatible with the fifth generation iPod with iPod software 1.2 or later. Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma. Additional games have since been added. These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano.

In what year did the iTunes store begin allowing users to buy video games?

Which version of iTunes was introduced with the ability to purchase games?

iTunes 7

What was the first generation of iPod Classic on which games like Mahjong and Tetris could be played?

5th generation

On which generation of iPod Nano can games be played?

4th generation

In what year did iTunes 7 launch, along with a plethora of additional games?

Which generation iPod was required to enjoy the new games available on iTunes 7?

fifth


With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.

What are the names of companies producing video games for Apple's MP3 player?

Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft

What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?

video game handheld console market

What two publications have covered iPod games?

GamePro and EGM


The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development. Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.

What format is used for iPod game files?

.ipg

What file format is being covered up by the use of ipg files?

.zip

What does SDK stand for?

software development kit

What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played?

iOS

What file format are iPod games distributed in?

.ipg

An app produced with the iPhone SDK can only run on what devices?

iPod Touch and iPhone

Is the Apple SDK available to third-party game publishers?

not


Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?

iTunes

What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?

third-party

Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible?

iTunes


iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it.

What kind of security determines if files moved to a computer can be played?

DRM

What minimum version of iTunes is required to transfer purchased media from an iPod to an authorized computer?

iTunes 7


Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copying of media files off of an iPod.

In what kind of folder are files located in the iPod?

hidden

On what kind of operating system can hidden iPod files be accessed?

host

What method of file recovery is used to retrieve data from the iPod?

manual


In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.

In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits?

What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing?

patent infringement

What other companies were named in the suit filed by Pat-rights?

Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch

On whose behalf did Pat-rights take Apple to court?

Ho Keung Tse

Which company sued Apple for breach of a "music jukebox" patent in 2005?

Advanced Audio Devices

Which Apple technology did Pat-rights complain breached their patent in a lawsuit?

FairPlay


Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs", as used on the iPod interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod line, which Creative Technology dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005. On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.

What interface component did Apple attempt to patent in 2005?

rotational user inputs

When did Apple receive a decision on its attempt to patent rotational user inputs?

August 2005

Which competitor sued Apple over rights to part of the software user interface?

Creative Technology

What was the name of the patent over which Creative asserted its ownership?

Zen Patent

From which entity did Creative request an investigation into Apple importing their devices to the US?

United States International Trade Commission

What interface feature did Apple unsuccessfully try to patent?

rotational user inputs

Which rival company sued Apple in 2005 and 2006?

Creative Technology


On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.

When did Creative and Apple come to an agreement over their intellectual property issues?

August 24, 2006

How much money did Apple have to pay to Creative as a result of their agreement?

$100 million

What program did Creative join in order to make iPod peripherals?

Made for iPod

How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit?

$100 million

What's the name of the program by which 3rd parties sell iPod accessories?

the Made for iPod program


Since October 2004, the iPod line has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players. During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

What share of the US digital music player market does iPod hold?

When did iPod become the leader in digital music device sales?

How much of the market did iPod claim as of January 2007?

Who reported Apple's market share in 2007?

Bloomberg Online

Approximately what percentage of the hard drive-based music player sales does iPod have since 2004?

Approximately what percentage of the overall music player market does the iPod line have?

What did the iPod's US market share peak at in 2005?


On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.

When did HP unveil their own edition of the iPod?

January 8, 2004

What does HP stand for?

Hewlett-Packard

What major retailer sold HP-branded iPod devices?

Wal-Mart

HP-branded iPods accounted for what share of iPod purchases?

What kind of terms and conditions led HP to leave the iPod market?

unfavorable

Which computer company sold iPods from 2004-05 as part of a license agreement with Apple?

HP


On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.

How many iPods did Apple reveal it sold in April of 2007?

hundred million

How much of Apple's revenue was generated by iPod purchases in Q2 of 2007?

What is an item that owners of iPods may also purchase?

Mac computers

How much revenue did Apple announce for Q2 2007?

$5.2 billion

In which year did Apple top sales of 100,000,000 iPods?

As of 2007, what percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales?


On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.

What was Apple's revenue for Q3 2007?

$6.22 billion

Desktop computers made up how much of Apple's revenue in the third quarter of 2007?

How much money did Apple make in 2007?

$3.5 billion

What was the value of Apple's cash assets at the end of 2007?

$15.4 billion

With the help of strong iPod sales, how much profit did they turn in 2007?

$3.5 billion


On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of US$9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of US$1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.

When did Apple reveal it had achieved its highest quarterly earnings to date?

January 22, 2008

What was Apple's highest quarterly profit as of Q1 2008?

$1.58 billion

How much of Apple's revenue resulted from purchases of laptop computers in Q1 2008?

What percentage of Apples revenue in 1Q08 came from iPods, more than doubling the percentage of notebook sales?


On October 21, 2008, Apple reported that only 14.21% of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods. At the September 9, 2009 keynote presentation at the Apple Event, Phil Schiller announced total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million. The continual decline of iPod sales since 2009 has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation, as Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer explained in June 2009: "We expect our traditional MP3 players to decline over time as we cannibalize ourselves with the iPod Touch and the iPhone." Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.

Who was Chief Financial Officer of Apple in July of 2009?

Peter Oppenheimer

From what year did iPod purchases begin to continuously decline?

How much revenue did iPod sales account for in Q4 2008?

Approximately how many total iPods had been sold by late 2009?

220 million

Which was the first year since iPod's introduction that no new model was released?


iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.

What rank did iPod achieve among various computer products in 2006?

fourth

What kind of reviews do iPods tend to get?

favorable

What two companies use the AAC format for music files?

Sony Ericsson and Nokia

What file format is not supported by Sony Ericsson and Nokia?

WMA

Which publication praised iPods for revolutionizing the industry?

PC World

Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?

Sony Ericsson and Nokia

Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having "altered the landscape for portable audio players"?

PC World


Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff.

Aside from recreational use, in what other arena have iPods found use?

business

What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?

communication and training

What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?

Royal and Western Infirmaries

Where is Royal and Western Infirmaries located?

Glasgow, Scotland


iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website, including a collection of lesson plans. There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education. Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications. Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Yes, children, there really was a time when we roamed the earth without thousands of our favorite jams tucked comfortably into our hip pockets. Weird."

What University gave an iPod to first year students in 2004?

Duke

What publication lauded the iPod for enabling people to listen to thousands of songs on a portable player?

Entertainment Weekly

Which major university began issuing iPods to all incoming freshmen starting in 2004?

Duke

Which magazine placed the iPod on its Best of the Decade list for the 00's?

Entertainment Weekly


The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.

What period of music did the iPod help bring to a close?

the Album Era

In which industry did the iPod have a major impact?

music industry

What did the iPod promote that prompted a big change in the music industry?

digital music storage

The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what "era" in pop music?

the Album Era


The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from an iPod. In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time. The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement.

How long were 5th generation iPods marketed as being able to function before needing to be charged?

14 hours

Which website criticized Apple's battery life claims?

In what year was Apple sued for issues relating to its battery life?

Discrepancy in what spec brought about a class action suit against Apple in 2003?

battery life

How many hours of real-time battery life did the 5th-generation iPod test at, compared to its advertised 14 hours?

8 hours


iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits.

Whose directions can be followed to interact with iPod batteries?

third-party vendors

What did Apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their iPod batteries no longer worked?

refurbished replacement iPod

What kind of battery does the iPod use?

lithium-ion

Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable?

batteries

What type of rechargeable battery does Apple use in its iPods?

lithium-ion


Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.

What did Apple launch on November 14, 2003?

battery replacement program

How much did iPod owners originally have to pay for replacement batteries?

What was needed to replace an iPod Nano battery?

soldering tools

What generation saw iPod batterys being affixed with glue?

Fifth generation

In what year did Apple begin a formal battery replacement program?

What was the original price for a replacement battery from Apple?

Which iPod model has its battery soldered into the unit?

Nano


The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December 2006. This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.

What part of the iPod Nano was the cause of the overheating issue?

battery

What program allowed users to exchange iPod Nanos which suffered from overheating problems with new safe models?

Apple product replacement program


iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]

What are two subjects of criticism of iPods?

short life-span and fragile hard drives

What website ran a survey to learn how often iPods ceased working?

MacInTouch

How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?

When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?

late 2005

What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?

protective sleeves

Which type of iPod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage?

flash memory

The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?

screen


On June 11, 2006, the British tabloid The Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts. Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.

What publication revealed information about the working conditions of iPod labor?

The Mail on Sunday

What governs iPod manufacturers' labor policies?

Apple's Code of Conduct

What percentage of the time did The Mail on Sunday claim workers labored for at least seven straight days?

Which British tabloid accused Apple of unfair worker conditions in 2006?

The Mail

What percentage of Apple's manufacturing employees worked over 60 hour weeks?


Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua, Shenzhen formed a union affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Chinese government-approved union umbrella organization.

Who did Apple partner with to monitor its labor policies?

Verité

What organization did Apple join to monitor its labor policies?

Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group

What company was found to be violating Apple's labor policies?

Foxconn

Where was the Foxconn plant located?

Longhua, Shenzhen

What was the name of Apple's manufacturing company that was accused of overworking its employees?

Foxconn

What auditor company did Apple hire to oversee worker conditions following the controversy?

Verité

In what year did Foxconn workers first unionize?


In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Foxconn operations in China. Apple, HP, and others stated that they were investigating the situation. Foxconn guards have been videotaped beating employees. Another employee killed himself in 2009 when an Apple prototype went missing, and claimed in messages to friends, that he had been beaten and interrogated.

In what year did Chinese Foxconn emplyees kill themselves?

What disappeared in 2009 prior to the suicide of a Foxconn employee?

Apple prototype

In what year did several Foxconn workers commit suicide?


As of 2006, the iPod was produced by about 14,000 workers in the U.S. and 27,000 overseas. Further, the salaries attributed to this product were overwhelmingly distributed to highly skilled U.S. professionals, as opposed to lower skilled U.S. retail employees or overseas manufacturing labor. One interpretation of this result is that U.S. innovation can create more jobs overseas than domestically.

What attribute of the United States could be thought to lead more international and less domestic employment opportunities?

innovation


All iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files but this may not be the default behavior, and in the case of the iPod Touch, requires special software.[citation needed] If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer. If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the release of the Windows-compatible iPod, the default file system used on the iPod line switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either file system (excluding the iPod Shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.

To work as a boot disk for a Mac, what file system must an iPod be formatted with?

HFS+

If connected to a Windows PC when first set up, what file system will an iPod be formatted with?


The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ゼルダの伝説 トワイライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]

What category of game is Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

action-adventure

What consoles can be used to play Twilight Princess?

GameCube and Wii

When was Twilight Princess launched in North America?

November 2006

When could GameCube owners purchase Twilight Princess?

December 2006

What company developed Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

Nintendo

What year was the Legend of Zelda:Twilight Princess originally planned for release?

What year was the Wii version of Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess released?

What category of game is Legend of Zelda: Australia Twilight?

I'm not sure.

What consoles can be used to play Australia Twilight?

I'm not sure.

When was Australia Twilight launched in North America?

I'm not sure.

When could GameCube owners purchase Australian Princess?

I'm not sure.

What year was the Legend of Zelda: Australian Princess originally planned for release?

I'm not sure.


The story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna. The game takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker.

Who is the main character of the story?

Link

What land does Link serve to protect?

Hyrule

What character helped Link in Twilight Princess?

Midna

Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda?

Link

What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists Link?

Midna

This storyline takes place alternate from what storyline?

The Wind Waker

What land does Ocarina serve to protect?

I'm not sure.

What character helped Link in Ocarina Princess?

I'm not sure.

Who is the protagonist of Midna of Time?

I'm not sure.

From what alternate dimension does this dimension take place from?

I'm not sure.

When does the Waker take place?

I'm not sure.


At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington Post. It received several Game of the Year awards, and was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.

What accolade did Twilight Princess receive after its release?

Game of the Year

Under which brand was Twilight Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?

Nintendo Selects

When is the HD version of Twilight Princess slated for launch?

March 2016

At the time of release which episode of the Legend of Zelda series was considered the greatest entry?

Twilight Princess

How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive?

several

What year was Twilight Princess the most critically acclaimed game?

What year will the game release a high-definition port for the Wii U console?

What accolade did Radar Princess receive after its release?

I'm not sure.

Under which brand was Radar Princess for the Nintendo Wii published?

I'm not sure.

When is the HD version of Radar Princess slated for launch?

I'm not sure.

At the time of release what episode of Legend of Radar series was considered the greatest story?

I'm not sure.

How many Game of the Year awards did Radar Princess receive?

I'm not sure.


The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge.[c] Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, bombs, and the Clawshot (similar to the Hookshot introduced earlier in the The Legend of Zelda series).[d] While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.[c]

What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess?

combat, exploration, and item collection

Twilight Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

Ocarina of Time

What can be used to shoot without the need to manually target enemies?

L-targeting

What is Link's main weapon?

sword

What secondary weapon in Twilight Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?

Clawshot

What genre of game is Twilight Princess?

action-adventure

Twilight Princess follows the control scheme introduced in what game?

Ocarina of Time

What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat?

sword and shield

What control can be used while targeting that allows the player to forego manual targeting?

L-targeting

What are the three main activities in The Legend of Zelda: Clawshot Princess?

I'm not sure.

Clawshot Princess uses the control setup first employed in which previous game?

I'm not sure.

What is Clawshot's main weapon?

I'm not sure.

What secondary weapon in Clawshot Princess is analogous to a weapon featured in previous games?

I'm not sure.

What genre of games is Clawshot Princess?

I'm not sure.


The context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects.[e] The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situation. For example, if Link is holding a rock, the context-sensitive button will cause Link to throw the rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy, or place the rock on the ground if he is standing still.[f]

Many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many buttons?

one

Where can players see what action will be performed in different scenarios?

on-screen display

If Link is not moving, where will he put the projectile he's carrying?

on the ground

What mechanic allows one button to serve many functions?

context-sensitive button mechanic

What shows what action the button will trigger?

on-screen display

Many different types of interaction can be controlled by how many rocks?

I'm not sure.

Where can players see what action will be performed in different rocks?

I'm not sure.

If Link is not moving, where will he put the enemy he's carrying?

I'm not sure.

What mechanic allows two buttons to serve many functions?

I'm not sure.

What shows what action the rock will trigger?

I'm not sure.


The GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademark "chime" when discovering secrets. The player controls Link's sword by swinging the Wii Remote. Other attacks are triggered using similar gestures with the Nunchuk. Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special "lookaround" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g]

Where is the speaker located on the Wii console?

Wii Remote

What sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game?

chime

What part of the Wii is employed to use weapons?

Wii Remote

Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Link can use?

Nunchuk

How many weapons can be equipped by Link if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?

two

The Wii version makes use of what kind of sensors?

motion

What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard?

Wii Remote

Where is the speaker located on the Midna console?

I'm not sure.

What sound do users hear when uncovering weapons in the game?

I'm not sure.

What part of the Midna is employed to use weapons?

I'm not sure.

Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Midna can use?

I'm not sure.

How many weapons can be equipped by Midna if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?

I'm not sure.


The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting.

How many dungeon instances are provided in Twilight Princess?

nine

What does Link fight in dungeons?

enemies

What provides a bridge between the different dungeons?

overworld

What is the name of Link's steed?

Epona

What must Link solve throughout the game?

puzzles

Who must Link fight at the end of a dungeon level?

boss

What connects the dungeons?

overworld

How many dungeon instances are provided in Epona Princess?

I'm not sure.

What does Epona fight in dungeons?

I'm not sure.

What provides a bridge between the different items?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of Link's enemy?

I'm not sure.

What must Epona solve throughout the game?

I'm not sure.


When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily by dodging attacks. However, "Wolf Link" gains several key advantages in return—he moves faster than he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster) and digs holes to create new passages and uncover buried items, and has improved senses, including the ability to follow scent trails.[i] He also carries Midna, a small imp-like creature who gives him hints, uses an energy field to attack enemies, helps him jump long distances, and eventually allows Link to "warp" to any of several preset locations throughout the overworld.[j] Using Link's wolf senses, the player can see and listen to the wandering spirits of those affected by the Twilight, as well as hunt for enemy ghosts named Poes.[k]

What form does Link take in the Twilight Realm?

Wolf

What is Link's main form of offense in wolf form?

biting

Hostile spirits are also known as what?

Poes

Who provides helpful information to Link?

Midna

Link's wolf form is faster than what other form?

human

What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?

Wolf

Who is Midna?

small imp-like creature

What are Poes?

enemy ghosts

What form does Epona take in the Twilight Realm?

I'm not sure.

What is Epona's main form of offense in wolf form?

I'm not sure.

Hostile Eponas are also known as what?

I'm not sure.

Who provides helpful information to Poes?

I'm not sure.

Link's Edna form is faster than what other form?

I'm not sure.


The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games.

What does AI stand for?

artificial intelligence

What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Princess?

The Wind Waker

What do enemies do to defeated companions?

react

What feature of the enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced?

artificial intelligence

Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in previous games?

Link

What is a game whose enemies have more rudimentary programming than those in Twilight Enemies?

I'm not sure.

What does do previous games do to defeated companions?

I'm not sure.

What feature of the enemies in Twilight Enemies is more advanced?

I'm not sure.

Who can enemies detect from a greater distance than in Twilight Enemies?

I'm not sure.

Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by?

I'm not sure.


There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date. Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised. His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions. Other characters have similar language-independent verbalizations, including laughter, surprised or fearful exclamations, and screams. The character of Midna has the most voice acting—her on-screen dialog is often accompanied by a babble of pseudo-speech, which was produced by scrambling the phonemes of English phrases[better source needed] sampled by Japanese voice actress Akiko Kōmoto.

Through what can Link's reaction and mood can be discerned?

nods and facial expressions

Which person has the most spoken dialogue in the game?

Midna

Who provided the basis for Midna's voice?

Akiko Kōmoto

What country does Akiko Komoto come from?

Japan

What does Link say when attacking?

grunts

How does Link express emotions?

nods and facial expressions

What character has the most voice acting?

Midna

Who does the voice of Midna?

Akiko Kōmoto

Through what can Link's verbalizations be discerned?

I'm not sure.

Which person has the most nods in the game?

I'm not sure.

Who provided the basis for Zelda's voice?

I'm not sure.

What country does Zelda come from?

I'm not sure.

What does Zelda say when attacking?

I'm not sure.


Twilight Princess takes place several centuries after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, and begins with a youth named Link who is working as a ranch hand in Ordon Village. One day, the village is attacked by Bulblins, who carry off the village's children with Link in pursuit before he encounters a wall of Twilight. A Shadow Beast pulls him beyond the wall into the Realm of Twilight, where he is transformed into a wolf and imprisoned. Link is soon freed by an imp-like Twilight being named Midna, who dislikes Link but agrees to help him if he obeys her unconditionally. She guides him to Princess Zelda. Zelda explains that Zant, the King of the Twilight, has stolen the light from three of the four Light Spirits and conquered Hyrule. In order to save Hyrule, Link must first restore the Light Spirits by entering the Twilight-covered areas and, as a wolf, recover the Spirits' lost light. He must do this by collecting the multiple "Tears of Light"; once all the Tears of Light are collected for one area, he restores that area's Light Spirit. As he restores them, the Light Spirits return Link to his Hylian form.

What is Link's job at the start of Twilight Princess?

ranch hand

What do the Bulbins take from Ordon?

children

Who releases Link from the Realm of Twilight?

Midna

What does Link have to gather in order to complete each area?

Tears of Light

Where is Link working as a ranch hand?

Ordon Village

Who attacks the village?

Bulblins

What must Link collect?

Tears of Light

What is the Light Spirits job at the start of Twilight Princess?

I'm not sure.

What do the Bulbins take from Link?

I'm not sure.

Who releases Bulbins from the Realm of Twilight?

I'm not sure.

What dos Midna have to gather in order to complete each area?

I'm not sure.

Where is Midna working as a ranch hand?

I'm not sure.


During this time, Link also helps Midna find the Fused Shadows, fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic. In return, she helps Link find Ordon Village's children while helping the monkeys of Faron, the Gorons of Eldin, and the Zoras of Lanayru. Once Link has restored the Light Spirits and Midna has all the Fused Shadows, they are ambushed by Zant. After he relieves Midna of the Fused Shadow fragments, she ridicules him for abusing his tribe's magic, but Zant reveals that his power comes from another source as he uses it to turn Link back into a wolf, and then leaves Midna in Hyrule to die from the world's light. Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda, Link learns he needs the Master Sword to return to human form. Zelda sacrifices herself to heal Midna with her power before vanishing mysteriously. Midna is moved by Zelda's sacrifice, and begins to care more about Link and the fate of the light world.

What does Link assist Midna in collection?

Fused Shadows

Who attacks Link and Midna when they've finished their collection tasks?

Zant

What weapon can transform Link back to his original self?

Master Sword

Who saves Midna?

Zelda

Where do the Zoras come from?

Lanayru

What does Link help Midna find?

Fused Shadows

Who ambushes Link and Midna?

Zant

What does Link discover he needs to find to return to human form?

Master Sword

Who sacrifices herself to save Midna?

Zelda

What does Link assist Gorons in collecting?

I'm not sure.

Who attacks Gorons and Eldin when they've finished their collection?

I'm not sure.

What weapon can transform Zelda back to his original self?

I'm not sure.

Who saves Link?

I'm not sure.

Where do the Eldin come from?

I'm not sure.


After gaining the Master Sword, Link is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form, obtaining the Shadow Crystal. Now able to use it to switch between both forms at will, Link is led by Midna to the Mirror of Twilight located deep within the Gerudo Desert, the only known gateway between the Twilight Realm and Hyrule. However, they discover that the mirror is broken. The Sages there explain that Zant tried to destroy it, but he was only able to shatter it into fragments; only the true ruler of the Twili can completely destroy the Mirror of Twilight. They also reveal that they used it a century ago to banish Ganondorf, the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce, to the Twilight Realm when executing him failed. Assisted by an underground resistance group they meet in Castle Town, Link and Midna set out to retrieve the missing shards of the Mirror, defeating those they infected. Once the portal has been restored, Midna is revealed to be the true ruler of the Twilight Realm, usurped by Zant when he cursed her into her current form. Confronting Zant, Link and Midna learn that Zant's coup was made possible when he forged a pact with Ganondorf, who asked for Zant's assistance in conquering Hyrule. After Link defeats Zant, Midna recovers the Fused Shadows, but destroys Zant after learning that only Ganondorf's death can release her from her curse. Returning to Hyrule, Link and Midna find Ganondorf in Hyrule Castle, with a lifeless Zelda suspended above his head. Ganondorf fights Link by possessing Zelda's body and eventually by transforming into a beast, but Link defeats him and Midna is able to resurrect Zelda.

What does Link obtain that gives him control over his transformations?

Shadow Crystal

Where does Midna take Link after he acquires the Master Sword?

Mirror of Twilight

Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to Zant?

Ganondorf

Where is Ganondorf located after Zant's defeat?

Hyrule Castle

Whose body is used as a proxy by Ganondorf in order to fight Link?

Zelda's

What allows Link to switch between his two forms?

Shadow Crystal

What is the only known gateway between Twilight Realm & Hyrule?

Gerudo Desert

Who is revealed as the true ruler of Twilight Realm?

Midna

Who did Zant form a pact with?

Ganondorf

What does Ganondorf transform into?

beast

What does Link obtain that gives him control over Hyrule?

I'm not sure.

Where does Midna take Link after he acquires a beast?

I'm not sure.

Who was the Mirror of Twilight used to fight prior to the Fused Shadows?

I'm not sure.

Where is Link located after Zant's defeat?

I'm not sure.

Whose body is used as a proxy by Link in order to fight Ganondorf?

I'm not sure.


Ganondorf then revives, and Midna teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle so she can hold him off with the Fused Shadows. However, as Hyrule Castle collapses, it is revealed that Ganondorf was victorious as he crushes Midna's helmet. Ganondorf engages Link on horseback, and, assisted by Zelda and the Light Spirits, Link eventually knocks Ganondorf off his horse and they duel on foot before Link strikes down Ganondorf and plunges the Master Sword into his chest. With Ganondorf dead, the Light Spirits not only bring Midna back to life, but restore her to her true form. After bidding farewell to Link and Zelda, Midna returns home before destroying the Mirror of Twilight with a tear to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm. Near the end, as Hyrule Castle is rebuilt, Link is shown leaving Ordon Village heading to parts unknown.

What possession of Midna does Ganondorf destroy?

helmet

Where does Link depart from at the end of the game?

Ordon Village

Which character helps Link get Ganondorf off of his horse?

Zelda

To what part of his body does Link deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?

chest

Who resurrects Midna after the fight with Ganondorf?

Light Spirits

Who does Midna teleport?

Link and Zelda

What does Ganondorf crush?

Midna's helmet

What does Midna destroy?

Mirror of Twilight

What possession of Link does Ganondorf destroy?

I'm not sure.

Where does Ganondorf depart from at the end of the game?

I'm not sure.

Which character helps Midna get Ganandorf off of her horse?

I'm not sure.

To what part of his body does Zelda deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?

I'm not sure.

Who resurrects Zelda after the fight with Ganondorf?

I'm not sure.


In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working title The Wind Waker 2; it was set to use a similar graphical style to that of its predecessor. Nintendo of America told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish because its cartoon appearance created the impression that the game was designed for a young audience. Concerned that the sequel would have the same problem, Aonuma expressed to producer Shigeru Miyamoto that he wanted to create a realistic Zelda game that would appeal to the North American market. Miyamoto, hesitant about solely changing the game's presentation, suggested the team's focus should instead be on coming up with gameplay innovations. He advised that Aonuma should start by doing what could not be done in Ocarina of Time, particularly horseback combat.[l]

In what year did Nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become Twilight Princess?

At what event was a potential follow-up to The Wind Waker mentioned?

Game Developers Conference

What region of the world did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Zelda game for?

North American

What was one feature that could not be implemented in Ocarina of Time?

horseback combat

What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for Gamecube?

Who was the director that unintentionally announced a Zelda game was in the works?

Eiji Aonuma

What was the specific area of gameplay that had not been done in Ocarina of Time?

horseback combat

In what year did Nintendo reveal the start of development on what would become The Wind Waker?

I'm not sure.

At what event was a potential follow-up to Shigeru Miyamoto mentioned?

I'm not sure.

What region of the wold did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Shigeru game for?

I'm not sure.

What was one feature that could not be implemented in Shigeru Miyamoto?

I'm not sure.

What year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda was in the works for horseback combat?

I'm not sure.


In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007, in the form of Phantom Hourglass. Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand, and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link. The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine.

How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner?

four

Where did Nintendo preview the horseback riding feature?

Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004

What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker?

Nintendo DS

What was the name of the second Wind Waker game?

Phantom Hourglass

When did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect?

How long did it take to implement riding Phantoms in a believable manner?

I'm not sure.

Where did Nintendo preview the Phantom riding feature?

I'm not sure.

What console was home to the sequel for Aonuma?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the second Aonuma game?

I'm not sure.

When did the company release a trailer of the Phantom riding aspect?

I'm not sure.


Prior Zelda games have employed a theme of two separate, yet connected, worlds. In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a "Light World" and a "Dark World"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods. The Zelda team sought to reuse this motif in the series' latest installment. It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf, much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past.[m] The story of the game was created by Aonuma, and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku. Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script. Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance. When he returned, he found the Twilight Princess team struggling. Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link's character unbelievable. Aonuma also felt the gameplay lacked the caliber of innovation found in Phantom Hourglass, which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS. At the same time, the Wii was under development with the code name "Revolution". Miyamoto thought that the Revolution's pointing device, the Wii Remote, was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda, and suggested that Aonuma consider using it.[n]

What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past?

rabbit

Aonuma left the Twilight Princess development team to work on which other game?

The Minish Cap

What was the working name for the Wii prior to release?

Revolution

Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?

Miyamoto

Who created the script for the story scenes?

Mitsuhiro Takano

What device seemed well-suited for Link's arrow shooting ability?

Wii Remote

What does Zelda morph into in A Link to the Past?

I'm not sure.

Aonuma left the A Link to the Past development team to work on which other game?

I'm not sure.

What was the working name for A Link to the Past prior to release?

I'm not sure.

Who proposed that the Game Boy Advance Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?

I'm not sure.

Who created the scripts for the Game Boy Advance?

I'm not sure.


Aonuma had anticipated creating a Zelda game for what would later be called the Wii, but had assumed that he would need to complete Twilight Princess first. His team began work developing a pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow, and Aonuma found that aiming directly at the screen gave the game a new feel, just like the DS control scheme for Phantom Hourglass. Aonuma felt confident this was the only way to proceed, but worried about consumers who had been anticipating a GameCube release. Developing two versions would mean delaying the previously announced 2005 release, still disappointing the consumer. Satoru Iwata felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end, even though they would have to wait for the finished product. Aonuma then started working on both versions in parallel.[o]

What kind of interface was used for in-game archery?

pointing-based

What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?

Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Twilight Princess?

Satoru Iwata

What was the original release date for Gamecube?

What kind of control schemes were used for in-game archery?

I'm not sure.

What was the originally-planned launch year for Twilight Princess?

I'm not sure.

Which Nintendo employee was confident in the potential of developing two versions of Aonuma?

I'm not sure.

What was the original release date for Satoru?

I'm not sure.

Who found that aiming directly at the GameCube gave the game a new feel?

I'm not sure.


Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple, since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube.[o] At E3 2005, Nintendo released a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess. They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (then codenamed "Revolution"), but it was not clear to the media if this meant Twilight Princess or a different game.

What console boasted compatibility with the Wii?

GameCube

Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Twilight Princess previews?

E3 2005

At E3 in 2005, what console did Nintendo reveal the next Zelda game would be developed for?

Wii

When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the Wii?

At E3 2005

What console boasted compatibility with Twilight Princess?

I'm not sure.

Where did Nintendo provide a limited number of Wii previews?

I'm not sure.

When did Nintendo announce Zelda would appear on the GameCube?

I'm not sure.

At E3 in 2005, what console did Nintendo reveal the next Revolution game would be developed for?

I'm not sure.

What kind of cards contained a preview trailer for Revolution?

I'm not sure.


The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonuma thought it felt strange to swing the Wii Remote with the right hand to control the sword in Link's left hand, so the entire Wii version map was mirrored.[p] Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller. Miyamoto confirmed the Revolution controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe and Time reported this soon after. However, support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release. At E3 2006, Nintendo announced that both versions would be available at the Wii launch, and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii.[p] Later, the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii.

What kind of movement interfaced with the sword in Twilight Princess?

swinging gesture

Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2005?

NGC Magazine

What ended up not being supported in the GameCube version of Twilight Princess?

Wii controller

In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as the Wii?

How long was the GameCube version of Twilight Princess delayed?

a month

What magazine mentioned players would be able to use the Revolution controller?

NGC Magazine

When did Nintendo announce both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch?

E3 2006

What kind of movement interfaced with the sword in Nintendo?

I'm not sure.

Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2006?

I'm not sure.

What ended up not being supported in the Wii version of Twilight Princess?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as NGC?

I'm not sure.

How long was the Wii version of Twilight Princess delayed?

I'm not sure.


Nintendo staff members reported that demo users complained about the difficulty of the control scheme. Aonuma realized that his team had implemented Wii controls under the mindset of "forcing" users to adapt, instead of making the system intuitive and easy to use. He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus on comfort and ease.[q] The camera movement was reworked and item controls were changed to avoid accidental button presses.[r] In addition, the new item system required use of the button that had previously been used for the sword. To solve this, sword controls were transferred back to gestures—something E3 attendees had commented they would like to see. This reintroduced the problem of using a right-handed swing to control a left-handed sword attack. The team did not have enough time before release to rework Link's character model, so they instead flipped the entire game—everything was made a mirror image.[s] Link was now right-handed, and references to "east" and "west" were switched around. The GameCube version, however, was left with the original orientation. The Twilight Princess player's guide focuses on the Wii version, but has a section in the back with mirror-image maps for GameCube users.[t]

What did early users find hard to use about the game?

control scheme

Using items in the game took over the controls used for what weapon?

sword

Who wanted gestures implemented for sword control?

E3 attendees

When Twilight Princess was finally released for Wii, in what hand did Link wield his sword?

right

What features did Aonuma work to improve after the demo complaints?

comfort and ease

What did early users find hard to use about the sword?

I'm not sure.

Using a left-handed swing in the game took over the controls used for what weapon

I'm not sure.

Who wanted gestures implemented for hand control?

I'm not sure.

When Twilight Princess was finally released for Wii, in what hand did Aonuma wield his sword?

I'm not sure.

What features did Aonuma work to improve after Miyamoto's complaints?

I'm not sure.