In Ancient Indian philosophy, materialism developed around 600 BC with the works of Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy. Kanada became one of the early proponents of atomism. The Nyaya–Vaisesika school (600 BC - 100 BC) developed one of the earliest forms of atomism, though their proofs of God and their positing that the consciousness was not material precludes labelling them as materialists. Buddhist atomism and the Jaina school continued the atomic tradition.

Around what time did materialism become part of Ancient Indian philosophy?

600 BC

At that time, who helped develop materialism?

Ajita Kesakambali, Payasi, Kanada, and the proponents of the Cārvāka school of philosophy

What school advanced atomism?

Nyaya–Vaisesika school

Between what years did the school advance atomism?

600 BC - 100 BC

Around what time did Ancient Indian philosophy reject materialism?

I'm not sure.

At that time, who rejected the idea of materialism?

I'm not sure.

What school did not teach atomism?

I'm not sure.

What tradition did the Jaina school stop?

I'm not sure.

What tradition did Buddhists stop?

I'm not sure.


Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description — typically, at a more reduced level. Non-reductive materialism explicitly rejects this notion, however, taking the material constitution of all particulars to be consistent with the existence of real objects, properties, or phenomena not explicable in the terms canonically used for the basic material constituents. Jerry Fodor influentially argues this view, according to which empirical laws and explanations in "special sciences" like psychology or geology are invisible from the perspective of basic physics. A lot of vigorous literature has grown up around the relation between these views.

Materialism is linked to what?

reductionism

Why is materialism is not linked to reduction?

I'm not sure.

Why did Jerry Fodor disagree with this view?

I'm not sure.

What is not a special science?

I'm not sure.

What level physics does psychology and geology use?

I'm not sure.


Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, and all phenomena result from different motions and conglomerations of base material particles called "atoms" (literally: "indivisibles"). De Rerum Natura provides mechanistic explanations for phenomena such as erosion, evaporation, wind, and sound. Famous principles like "nothing can touch body but body" first appeared in the works of Lucretius. Democritus and Epicurus however did not hold to a monist ontology since they held to the ontological separation of matter and space i.e. space being "another kind" of being, indicating that the definition of "materialism" is wider than given scope for in this article.

De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?

Lucretius

What kinf of explanation does De Rerum Natura provide for phenomena?

mechanistic explanations

What kind of explanation does De Rerum Natura argue for rejecting phenomena?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the line "Everything can touch body but body"?

I'm not sure.

Who believed space was not another kind of being?

I'm not sure.

Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void?

I'm not sure.

How many languages was De Rerum translated into?

I'm not sure.


Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from, or even refer to.

Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta.

Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles")

Which type of philosphy did not continue after 1400?

materialistic Cārvāka philosophy

What is Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

a digest of all philosophies

Who wrote the Sarva-darśana-samgraha?

Madhavacharya

What does Jayaraashi Bhatta mean?

I'm not sure.

When did Jayaraashi Bhatta die?

I'm not sure.

What philosphy continued after 1400?

I'm not sure.

What text did Madhavacharya quote from?

I'm not sure.

When was Jayaraashi Bhatta born?

I'm not sure.


In early 12th-century al-Andalus, the Arabian philosopher, Ibn Tufail (Abubacer), wrote discussions on materialism in his philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus), while vaguely foreshadowing the idea of a historical materialism.

What is the name of the novel written by Ibn Tufail?

Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

When was Ibn Tufail born?

I'm not sure.

When did Ibn Tufail die?

I'm not sure.

In what book did Hayy ibn Yaqdhan foreshadow the idea of modern materialism?

I'm not sure.

What book by Ibn Tufail did not discuss materialism?

I'm not sure.


The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).

Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?

René Descartes lived from what year to what year?

abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?

Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?

William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?

Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi?

I'm not sure.

Who disagreed with Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach?

I'm not sure.

Who did not see matter as endowed with moral dimension?

I'm not sure.

William Wordsworth was not impacted by which thinker?

I'm not sure.

Who provided the non-natural sciences with dualist foundations?

I'm not sure.


Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) wrote that "...materialism is the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself". He claimed that an observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization. That is, the brain itself is the "determiner" of how material objects will be experienced or perceived:

Arthur Schopenhauer lived from what year to what year?

What did he say that the brain would decide?

how material objects will be experienced or perceived

Who wrote that "...materialism is not the philosophy of the subject who forgets to take account of himself"

I'm not sure.

Who claimed that a non-observing subject can only know material objects through the mediation of the brain and its particular organization?

I'm not sure.

Who believed the brain is not a determiner of how material objects are experienced?

I'm not sure.

What does the brain not decide?

I'm not sure.

What does it mean for the brain to be a non-determiner?

I'm not sure.


The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx.

Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"?

Ludwig Feuerbach

In what year was "The Essence of Christianity" written?

What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be?

the outward projection of man's inward nature

The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher?

Karl Marx

What German materialist did not signal a new turn in materialism?

I'm not sure.

When was Ludwig Feuerbach born?

I'm not sure.

When did Ludwig Feuerbach die?

I'm not sure.

Karl Marx was not influenced by who?

I'm not sure.

When did Karl Marx write The Essence of Christianity?

I'm not sure.


Many current and recent philosophers—e.g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, and Jerry Fodor—operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind, including functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on.

In regards to the mind, what are 3 theories that modern day philosophers try to harmonize?

functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory

What are 3 theories that ancient day philosophers try to harmonize?

I'm not sure.

What 3 theories do modern philosophers disagree with?

I'm not sure.

What are the three theories that do not accommodate mind?

I'm not sure.

Jerry Fodor disagrees with what framework?

I'm not sure.

Daniel Dennett founded which theory?

I'm not sure.


The nature and definition of matter - like other key concepts in science and philosophy - have occasioned much debate. Is there a single kind of matter (hyle) which everything is made of, or multiple kinds? Is matter a continuous substance capable of expressing multiple forms (hylomorphism), or a number of discrete, unchanging constituents (atomism)? Does it have intrinsic properties (substance theory), or is it lacking them (prima materia)?

What is hyle?

matter

What has never been debated?

I'm not sure.

What is the opposite of hylomorphism?

I'm not sure.

What is the opposite of atomism?

I'm not sure.

What is the term for zero kinds of matter?

I'm not sure.

What is the term for lacking then gaining properties?

I'm not sure.


One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is one of its forms. On the other hand, the Standard Model of Particle physics uses quantum field theory to describe all interactions. On this view it could be said that fields are prima materia and the energy is a property of the field.

Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable?

matter and energy

Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance?

energy

Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance?

fields

Relativity says that what is not interchangeable?

I'm not sure.

Ontological theory determines what is not the main substance?

I'm not sure.

Quantum field theory determines what is not the main substance?

I'm not sure.

When did the field of physics stop being taught?

I'm not sure.


According to the dominant cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, less than 5% of the universe's energy density is made up of the "matter" described by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, and the majority of the universe is composed of dark matter and dark energy - with little agreement amongst scientists about what these are made of.

Which model suggests that matter is 5% of the universe?

Lambda-CDM model

What type of matter does the model consider it to be?

dark matter

Which model suggests that matter is 0.5% of the universe?

I'm not sure.

What type of matter does the model believe it to not be?

I'm not sure.

The standard model believes none of the universe is composed of what?

I'm not sure.


With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actuality' of the world around us, can be extrapolated into the atomic range. This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are not things." Likewise, some philosophers[which?] feel that these dichotomies necessitate a switch from materialism to physicalism. Others use the terms "materialism" and "physicalism" interchangeably.

Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?

things

Werner Heisenberg believes that atoms are defined as what?

I'm not sure.

Who do not believe a switch from materialism to physicalism is necessary?

I'm not sure.

Who said "This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are lots of things"

I'm not sure.

Scientists believed that the concept of matter did not change when what physics started?

I'm not sure.


Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Death of Materialism", contained the following passage:

What are some of the findings that support their argument?

quantum mechanics and chaos theory.

What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?

The Matter Myth

When was Paul Davies born?

I'm not sure.

When was John Gribbin born?

I'm not sure.

Who believes materialism has been proven by scientific findings?

I'm not sure.

Who believes that physics defined materialism?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the chapter "The Birth of Materialism"?

I'm not sure.


Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote:

Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?

information

Digital physicists consider what to be less important than matter?

I'm not sure.

Max Planck disagreed with who?

I'm not sure.

Who founded digital physics?

I'm not sure.

Who disagrees with the quantum theory?

I'm not sure.

Who believes matter is more important than information?

I'm not sure.


According to the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1907-1912, materialism, defined as "a philosophical system which regards matter as the only reality in the world [...] denies the existence of God and the soul". Materialism, in this view, therefore becomes incompatible with most world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In such a context one can conflate materialism with atheism. Most of Hinduism and transcendentalism regards all matter as an illusion called Maya, blinding humans from knowing "the truth". Maya is the limited, purely physical and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled. Maya gets destroyed for a person when s/he perceives Brahman with transcendental knowledge.

Based on the above definition, materialism is not consistent with what?

religions

Based on the above definition, materialism is consistent with what?

I'm not sure.

What book defined materialism as a non-philosophical system?

I'm not sure.

Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree with what philosophy?

I'm not sure.

What is created for a person when they perceive Brahman?

I'm not sure.

What religion does not believe in an illusion called Maya?

I'm not sure.


In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter." This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called "intelligence" or "the light of truth", which like all observable matter "was not created or made, neither indeed can be". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness.

Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?

simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical

Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?

Christians

Who said: "There is such thing as immaterial matter. "

I'm not sure.

What movement believes "There is such thing as immaterial matter. "

I'm not sure.

Who said: " We can see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter."

I'm not sure.

Who said: "All spirit is not matter"

I'm not sure.

Who believed the spirit is also called intelligence?

I'm not sure.


An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is impossible to gather direct evidence of matter, as there is no direct experience of matter; all that is experienced is perception, whether internal or external. As such, the existence of matter can only be assumed from the apparent (perceived) stability of perceptions; it finds absolutely no evidence in direct experience.

If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?

materialism

If you believe in idealism, you are also believing in what?

I'm not sure.

Who points out that it is possible to gather direct evidence of matter?

I'm not sure.

What can be considered non-redundant?

I'm not sure.

Why is it possible to gather direct evidence?

I'm not sure.


If matter and energy are seen as necessary to explain the physical world, but incapable of explaining mind, dualism results. Emergence, holism, and process philosophy seek to ameliorate the perceived shortcomings of traditional (especially mechanistic) materialism without abandoning materialism entirely.

What 3 types of philosophies attempt to correct the problem with matter and energy without removing every belief about materialism?

Emergence, holism, and process philosophy

What is unnecessary to explain the physical world?

I'm not sure.

What is capable of explaining mind?

I'm not sure.

What is emergence the opposite of?

I'm not sure.

What three philosophies do not correct the shortcomings of materialism?

I'm not sure.


Some critics object to materialism as part of an overly skeptical, narrow or reductivist approach to theorizing, rather than to the ontological claim that matter is the only substance. Particle physicist and Anglican theologian John Polkinghorne objects to what he calls promissory materialism — claims that materialistic science will eventually succeed in explaining phenomena it has not so far been able to explain. Polkinghorne prefers "dual-aspect monism" to faith in materialism.

Instead of faith, John Polkinghorne relies on what when it comes to the theory of materialism?

dual-aspect monism

Who agrees with promissory materialism?

I'm not sure.

Who claims that materialistic science will never explain phenomena?

I'm not sure.

Polkinghorne believes in faith in materialism instead of what?

I'm not sure.

Why do critics agree with materialism?

I'm not sure.


Modern philosophical materialists extend the definition of other scientifically observable entities such as energy, forces, and the curvature of space. However philosophers such as Mary Midgley suggest that the concept of "matter" is elusive and poorly defined.

Why does Mary Midgley suggest matter is well defined?

I'm not sure.

What job does Mary Midgley hold?

I'm not sure.

What is not an observable entity?

I'm not sure.


Materialism typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenalism, idealism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism. Its materiality can, in some ways, be linked to the concept of Determinism, as espoused by Enlightenment thinkers.

Why does materialism agree with dualism?

I'm not sure.

Why does materialism agree with phenomenalism?

I'm not sure.

Who doesn't link materialism with determinism?

I'm not sure.

What contrasts with multi-aspect monism?

I'm not sure.

What contrasts with non-dualism?

I'm not sure.


Scientific "Materialism" is often synonymous with, and has so far been described, as being a reductive materialism. In recent years, Paul and Patricia Churchland have advocated a radically contrasting position (at least, in regards to certain hypotheses); eliminativist materialism holds that some mental phenomena simply do not exist at all, and that talk of those mental phenomena reflects a totally spurious "folk psychology" and introspection illusion. That is, an eliminative materialist might suggest that a concept like "belief" simply has no basis in fact - the way folk science speaks of demon-caused illnesses. Reductive materialism being at one end of a continuum (our theories will reduce to facts) and eliminative materialism on the other (certain theories will need to be eliminated in light of new facts), Revisionary materialism is somewhere in the middle.

Reductive materialism is not synonymous with what?

I'm not sure.

Scientific materialism is not synonymous with what?

I'm not sure.

Paul and Patricia disagree with what hypotheses?

I'm not sure.

Belief has a basis in fact in what type of materialist mindset?

I'm not sure.

What is the same as revisionary materialism?

I'm not sure.


Some scientific materialists have been criticized, for example by Noam Chomsky, for failing to provide clear definitions for what constitutes matter, leaving the term "materialism" without any definite meaning. Chomsky also states that since the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries, as has happened in the past, scientific materialists are being dogmatic in assuming the opposite.

Who is praised for providing a clear definition of materalism?

I'm not sure.

Noam Chomsky disagrees with what concept?

I'm not sure.

Chomsky stated that matter is not affected by what?

I'm not sure.

How does Chomsky define materialism?

I'm not sure.

According to Chomsky, who are dogmatic for agreeing with him?

I'm not sure.


The concept of matter has changed in response to new scientific discoveries. Thus materialism has no definite content independent of the particular theory of matter on which it is based. According to Noam Chomsky, any property can be considered material, if one defines matter such that it has that property.

The concept of matter has not changed for what reason?

I'm not sure.

Who believes that property can be considered non-material?

I'm not sure.

Who believes that property can be considered material if one defines it does not have property?

I'm not sure.

What has definite content independent of the particular theory of matter?

I'm not sure.


Kant argued against all three forms of materialism, subjective idealism (which he contrasts with his "transcendental idealism") and dualism. However, Kant also argues that change and time require an enduring substrate, and does so in connection with his Refutation of Idealism. Postmodern/poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme. Philosopher Mary Midgley, among others, argues that materialism is a self-refuting idea, at least in its eliminative form.

Who agreed with all three forms of materialism?

I'm not sure.

Who disagrees with transcendental idealism?

I'm not sure.

Postmodern/poststructuralist agree with what?

I'm not sure.

Who agrees that materialism is not a self-refuting idea?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the Refutation of Materialism?

I'm not sure.


A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.

What is a person who follows Christianity called?

Christian

Whose life do Christians learn from?

Jesus Christ

What Greek word is Christian derived from?

Christós

Christós is translated from what Biblical term?

mashiach

Which religion is a Greek religion based on Jesus Christ?

I'm not sure.

Which word does Christos derive from?

I'm not sure.

Which term is derived from the word Christian?

I'm not sure.

Which term is a translation of the Greek term Abrahamic?

I'm not sure.

What is the term for a person who adheres to mashiach?

I'm not sure.


There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." The term "Christian" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices.

While many, the perceptions of Christianity can sometimes what?

conflict

Regardless of beliefs, Christians all agree that Jesus has a unique what?

significance

Whether one partakes in practices or beliefs, the label Christian is sometimes attached because they associate with what?

the cultural aspects of Christianity

What regarding a proverbial sense is sometimes conflicting?

I'm not sure.

All Christians disagree with what about Jesus?

I'm not sure.

Which group of people believe Jesus does not hold a unique significance?

I'm not sure.

What term is used to describe anything associated with conflict?

I'm not sure.


According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.

According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?

2.2 billion

How many Christians were in the world in 1910?

600 million

If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?

Christianity

Which survey conducted in 2012, concluded there were about 2.2 billion Christians worldwide?

I'm not sure.

How many Pew Research Centers worldwide did the Christian survey conclude there were?

I'm not sure.

Which religion will remain the smallest through 2050 assuming current trends continue?

I'm not sure.

Through which year will Christianity remain the worlds smallest religion?

I'm not sure.

In which year did the Pew Research Center conclude that Christianity would remain an insignificant religion through 2050?

I'm not sure.


Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority.

Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?

half

Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?

About how many percent of Christians do not live in the Americas?

I'm not sure.

About 24% of Christians live in Europe and how many in Saharan Africa?

I'm not sure.

About 1% of the worlds Christian population lives in America and what other country?

I'm not sure.

In how many countries do Christians make up a minority population?

I'm not sure.

How many million Christians live as a majority?

I'm not sure.


The Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos), meaning "follower of Christ", comes from Χριστός (Christos), meaning "anointed one", with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership. In the Greek Septuagint, christos was used to translate the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ, messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed." In other European languages, equivalent words to Christian are likewise derived from the Greek, such as Chrétien in French and Cristiano in Spanish.

What Greek word defines as "follower of Christ?"

Χριστιανός (Christianos)

Where does the Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos) come from?

Χριστός (Christos)

What does Χριστός (Christos) mean?

anointed one

What is the French word for Christian that was derived from Greek?

Chrétien

From which word meaning anointed one does Christos originate?

I'm not sure.

While Christianos means anointed one, what does Christos mean?

I'm not sure.

While Christos means follower of Christ, what does Christianos mean?

I'm not sure.

From who are words equivalent in meaning to 'Latin" derived?

I'm not sure.

In which religion does christos mean "one who is anointed'?

I'm not sure.


The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."

Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?

Acts 11:26

Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?

Herod Agrippa II

When verse was the third mention?

Peter 4:16

In which book of the old testament is the first known usage of the term?

I'm not sure.

For how long did Antioch and Paul teach disciples?

I'm not sure.

Where was the fourth and final mention of the term?

I'm not sure.

In which book of the Old Testament does Paul reply to Herod Agrippa?

I'm not sure.

Where was Peter first called Christians?

I'm not sure.


Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards.

Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who?

the emperor of Rome

In what city did the term Christians start?

Antioch

When Peter endorsed the term, the term Christian was used instead of what other term?

Nazarenes

Which city did not have a reputation for coming up with nicknames ?

I'm not sure.

Because Christianoi endorsed it, which term was preferred  over Nazarenes?

I'm not sure.

Which nickname was endorsed by Kenneth Samuel Wuest?

I'm not sure.

In which city were they given the nickname "Peter"?

I'm not sure.


The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly called Christians" and identifies Christians as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Rome.

What is one of the first mentions of the term Christian in a non-religious work, referring to a tribe of Christians?

Josephus

Which non-religious piece of literature had the term Christian in it towards the end of the first century?

Tacitus

Christians were said to be the scapegoat of who?

Nero

Which group is identified as Tacitus scapegoat for the Great Fire of Rome?

I'm not sure.

Which group is identified as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Pliny the Younger?

I'm not sure.

What term refers to the tribe of Trajan and so it is named from him?

I'm not sure.

Trajan was said to be the scapegoat of who?

I'm not sure.

Pliny the Younger was said to be the scapegoat of who?

I'm not sure.


Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes." The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.

In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called?

Nazarenes

What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth?

Nazoraean

What is another Hebrew term for Nazarenes?

Notzrim

Wha still calls Christians Notzrim?

modern Israeli Hebrew

What is another term for Christians which appears in the Old Testament?

I'm not sure.

In which book of the Old Testament does Tertullus use the term Nazarenes to refer to Christians?

I'm not sure.

In which book of the New Testament does Marcion refer to Christians as Nazarenes as?

I'm not sure.

In which book of the New Testament does Tertullus refer to Christians as Babylonian Talmuds?

I'm not sure.

In which book of the New Testament are Nazarenes referred to as Eusebius records?

I'm not sure.


A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

While Christianity is ultimately one belief, a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects?

beliefs and practices

What do denominations and sects all agree upon?

I'm not sure.

What is found among those who call themselves Timothy Beal?

I'm not sure.

Who does Christian note disparities among?

I'm not sure.

Who notes the disparity of beliefs among those identifying as Timothy Beal?

I'm not sure.


Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." Philosopher Michael Martin, in his book The Case Against Christianity, evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed) to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism, the historicity of Jesus, the Incarnation, salvation through faith in Jesus, and Jesus as an ethical role model.

Who states that Christian believers agree that Jesus has a unique significance?

Linda Woodhead

Who wrote The Case Against Christianity?

Michael Martin

How many historical Christian creeds did Martin write about?

three

What do Christians believe is the way to salvation?

faith in Jesus

What are the three creeds Martin studied?

the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed

According to Nicene Creed, what can Christians be united in believing?

I'm not sure.

Who do Christians believe has a unique insignificance?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote The Case Against Creed?

I'm not sure.

Who is the author of The Apostles Creed?

I'm not sure.

Who is the author of The Nicene Creed?

I'm not sure.


The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?

Messiah

What village did Jesus come from?

Galilean village

Where was the Galilean village?

Nazareth

Where is Nazareth located?

northern Israel

Who does Judaism accept as the Messiah?

I'm not sure.

What is the term for Christian in the Galilean village?

I'm not sure.

Which religion agrees that Jesus is the Messiah?

I'm not sure.

Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah?

I'm not sure.

Which religion does not accept Notzri as the Messiah?

I'm not sure.


In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The nun or ن— the first letter of Nasara—was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city.

What does Masīḥī mean?

followers of the Messiah

When did the term Nasara become used more in modern times?

July 2014

What happened in July 2014?

the Fall of Mosul

What was spray pained on the properties of Christians who left the area?

the first letter of Nasara

Which term means followers of the Islamic State of Iraq?

I'm not sure.

In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence?

I'm not sure.

Which term rose to prominence after the nun was spraypainted on Christian property?

I'm not sure.

Which words are commonly used for Christians in the Sryiac?

I'm not sure.

When did the term Nasara fall in prominence?

I'm not sure.


Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi means those with a religious faith in Jesus. In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people."

Which term is in reference to people from a Christian culture?

Nasrani

Which term is indicative of people who place their faith in Jesus?

Masihi

What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith?

Nasrani

While Masihi refers to people from a Christian culture, what does Nasrani mean?

I'm not sure.

While Nasrani means those with a religious faith, what does Masihi refer to?

I'm not sure.

For whom does Masihi tend to be used more generically?

I'm not sure.

How do some countries refer to Muslim foreigners?

I'm not sure.

Which type of people are known as "religious people"?

I'm not sure.


Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations. However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Alfranj (الفرنج) and Firinjīyah (الفرنجيّة) in Arabic" This word comes from the Franks and can be seen in the Arab history text Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh by Ali ibn al-Athir.

What is the Arabic term when referring to Christians in a political sense?

Ṣalībī

Ṣalībī comes from the word ṣalīb, which means what?

cross

What does Ṣalībī mean?

Crusader

What does Alfranj mean?

European Christian Crusaders

Which Arabic term for Franks is particularly used in political context?

I'm not sure.

Which Arabic term refers to Crusaders with positive connotations?

I'm not sure.

What Arabic term for Christians can be translated as Firinjiyah?

I'm not sure.

What did European writers describe Muslim Crusaders as?

I'm not sure.


The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for "Nazarene", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning "Christian", derived from tars, meaning "fear, respect".

What is the most common Persian word for Christian?

Masīhī

What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?

Nasrānī

What does tars mean?

fear, respect

What is the Middle Persion word for Christian?

Tarsā

Which term is the most uncommon Persian word for Christian?

I'm not sure.

Derived from Persian, what does the Arabic Masihi word mean?

I'm not sure.

From Nasrani for Syriac, what does Christian mean?

I'm not sure.

What is the most common Masihi word?

I'm not sure.

From which language is the least common term derived?

I'm not sure.


The Syriac term Nasrani (Nazarene) has also been attached to the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India. In the Indian subcontinent, Christians call themselves Isaai (Hindi: ईसाई, Urdu: عیسائی), and are also known by this term to adherents of other religions. This is related to the name they call Jesus, 'Isa Masih, and literally means 'the followers of 'Isa'.

Which word has been connected to Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India?

Nasrani

What do followers of Jesus call themselves in the Indian subcontinent?

Isaai

What do the people in the Indian subcontinent call Jesus?

Isa Masih

Which term has been associated with Saint Jesus of Isa Masih?

I'm not sure.

Where do Indians call themselves Isaai?

I'm not sure.

Which term means followers of Jesus?

I'm not sure.

Which Christian term is attached to Saint Thomas Christians?

I'm not sure.

What do people in Nasrani call Jesus?

I'm not sure.


In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia.

What term did the Malays use for the Portuguese Serani?

Nasrani

What does the term refer to now?

the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia

Which term used to refer to Kristang creoles of Malaysia?

I'm not sure.

Which term refers to the Kristang creoles of Nasrani?

I'm not sure.

Who did the Malays call Kristang creoles in the past?

I'm not sure.

From where does the term Kristang Serani derive?

I'm not sure.

To whom does the term Serani now refer?

I'm not sure.


The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc, and a "follower of Christianity" is a tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo.

What is the Chinese word for Christian?

基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú)

What does 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú) mean?

Christ follower

What was the original pronunciation of Jīdū?

Ki-To in Cantonese

What did the two characters read in Vietnamese?

Cơ đốc

Which Chinese term means Christ leader?

I'm not sure.

Which Japanese word means Christ follower?

I'm not sure.

Which Mandarin term means Christian?

I'm not sure.

Now pronounced Ki-To in Mandarin, how were the characters originally pronounced?

I'm not sure.

Now pronounced Jidu in Cantonese, how were the characters originally pronounced?

I'm not sure.


In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリスト教徒, Kirisuto-kyōto or the English-derived term クリスチャン kurisuchan.

What Japanese term was used in reference to Roman Catholics?

kirishitan

When was the term kirishitan used by the Japanese?

16th and 17th centuries

Who banned Roman Catholicism in Japan?

the Tokugawa shogunate

How are Christians referenced today in Japan?

Kirisuto-kyōto

By who was Kurisuchan banned?

I'm not sure.

How are Christians referred to in standard English today?

I'm not sure.

Which Japanese term was derived from the Portugeuese term Tokugawa?

I'm not sure.

From which Roman Catholic term is kirishitan derived from?

I'm not sure.

Which term was used to refer to Christians after the religion was banned?

I'm not sure.


Korean still uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian", though the Greek form Kurisudo 그리스도 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself.

What is the Korean word for Christian?

기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do

Which term referred to Jesus himself?

Sino-Korean Kidok

What is the modern term for Sino-Korean Kidok?

Kurisudo 그리스도

Which term refers to Greek himself?

I'm not sure.

Which language no longer uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian"?

I'm not sure.

What is the Korean form of Kurisudo?

I'm not sure.

What is the Greek form of Kidok-kyo-do?

I'm not sure.

Which term has been replaced by Sino-Korean Kidok?

I'm not sure.


The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.

What was the region of Eastern Europe called in 1 AD?

Scythia

What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity?

Armenia

When did Armenia adopt Christianity?

301 AD

When did Georgia adopt Christianity?

337 AD

What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?

Pravoslav faith

Which countries make up Western Europe and Central Eurasia?

I'm not sure.

When was the Western Europe region called Scythia?

I'm not sure.

In 337 AD which state became the first to adopt Christianity?

I'm not sure.

Georgia became the first state to adopt Christianity in what year?

I'm not sure.

Which term came to be known as meaning representatives of the heterogeneous Christian nation?

I'm not sure.


As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents. The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.

How long have Christians made up nearly 1/3rd of the population?

100 years

Which Christian denomination has the most members?

Roman Catholic Church

How many people today are Roman Catholics?

1.17 billion

As of when did Christianity have about 2.4 million adherents?

I'm not sure.

Which religion is the smallest in the world?

I'm not sure.

For how long have Christians made up about 50% of the world's population?

I'm not sure.

Which is the smallest Christian denomination?

I'm not sure.

Which denomination of Christianity has 1.17 million followers?

I'm not sure.


Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western World, where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76.2% of Europeans, 73.3% in Oceania, and about 86.0% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77.4% in North America) described themselves as Christians.

More people belong to what religion than any other in the Western world?

Christianity

Where does Christianity struggle to maintain dominance?

I'm not sure.

What do 73.3% of Europeans describe themselves as?

I'm not sure.

What do 76.2% of people in Latin America describe themselves as?

I'm not sure.

What do 77.4% of people in the Western World describe themselves as?

I'm not sure.

What do 86% of people in Oceania describe themselves as?

I'm not sure.


According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.

Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?

Christianity

On average, how many children do Christians have?

How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?

10.2 million

In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?

High birth rates

By which year will Christianity no longer be the world's largest religion?

I'm not sure.

Through which year will Christianity remain the world's smallest religion?

I'm not sure.

By what year is the Muslim population expected to reach 3 billion?

I'm not sure.

Christians have an average of 3.1 children per woman compared to Muslims with how manY?

I'm not sure.

What is cited as reasons for Christian population decline?

I'm not sure.


According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972.

What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America?

Protestant

Who wrote Scientific Medicine: American Nobel Protestants?

I'm not sure.

According to Physics, how many American nobel prize winners identified as Protestant?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of nobel prizes in chemistry have protestants lost?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of nobel prizes in Medicine have protestants lost?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of nobel prizes in Physics have protestants lost?

I'm not sure.


Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.

In which fields have Christians failed to make contributions?

I'm not sure.

How many Nobel Prize laureates between 1901 and 2000 identify as politics?

I'm not sure.

According to a review of the sciences, how many Nobel Prize winners identify as Christian?

I'm not sure.

Christians have made contributions to science and art but not which subjects?

I'm not sure.


Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.

What have Christians failed to do regarding a range of fields?

I'm not sure.

What did the 1901 review of Nobel prizes claim?

I'm not sure.

What claims that 50% of Nobel Prize laureates identify as Christians?

I'm not sure.

During which time period did the 200 year Nobel Prize review take place?

I'm not sure.


Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.

What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc?

American Record Corporation

In what year was it renamed Columbia Recording Corporation?

In what year was it known as CBS Records?

In what year did it land the name, Sony Music Entertainment?

What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment?

Universal Music Group.

Who is the Chinese conglomerate who owns SCA?

I'm not sure.

The American Recording Company (ARC) was founded in what year?

I'm not sure.

ABC Records was established in what year?

I'm not sure.

Sony Corporation of China bought CBS Records in what year?

I'm not sure.

SME is the world's third largest recorded what?

I'm not sure.


In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized.

In what year did SME merge with another company?

What was the name of the other company that SME merged with?

Bertelsmann Music Group

What did the company call themselves after the  merger?

Sony BMG Music Entertainment

In what year did Sony BMG Music Entertainment go back to being called SME?

In 2014, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as what?

I'm not sure.

In 2018, Sony BMG reverted to what name?

I'm not sure.

The 2008 buyout led to the dissolution of SME, which relaunched as what?

I'm not sure.

Brickman Music Group merged with SME in what year?

I'm not sure.

BMG Rights Music was relaunched in what year?

I'm not sure.


In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.

In what year did ARC form?

In what year did Columbia Phonography Company form?

In what year did ARC take over Columbia Phonography Company?

ABC was founded through a merger in what year?

I'm not sure.

The Columbia Phonograph Company in China was acquired by ARC in what year?

I'm not sure.

The Columbia Photography Company was founded in what year?

I'm not sure.

ARC was founded through a merger of several larger what?

I'm not sure.

Okeh Records had whom as a subsidiary?

I'm not sure.


ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label.

Who bought out ARC?

Columbia Broadcasting System

In what year was ARC bought?

What did CBS call ARC after buying it?

Columbia Recording Corporation

Who was the head of CBS at the time?

William S. Paley

Who convinced Paley to buy ARC?

RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein

ABC was acquired by the Columbia Broadcasting System in what year?

I'm not sure.

The Colombia Phonograph Company had local subsidiaries and what?

I'm not sure.

CBS Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced whom to buy ARC?

I'm not sure.

ARC kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from what date?

I'm not sure.

Ted Wallerstein became the head of Columbia what?

I'm not sure.


Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company. In 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music.

In what year was Epic Records created?

What company created Epic Records?

Columbia

Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?

Conkling

What did Conkling later go on to lead?

Warner Bros. Records

What type of music was Date Records known for?

rockabilly

Epic Records founded Columbia in what year?

I'm not sure.

Lieberson helped establish the National Academy of what?

I'm not sure.

Columbia founded Daring Records in what year?

I'm not sure.

Daring Records initially issued what kind of music?

I'm not sure.

Lieberson left Columbia in what year?

I'm not sure.


In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the "CBS Records" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe. CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963.

In what year was Mercury Records (US) bought out?

Who acquired Mercury Records (US)?

Philips Records

What is the name of CBS' Mexican record label?

Discos CBS

Columbia/ABC began negotiations with Philips Records in what year?

I'm not sure.

Which company wanted to start its own local record company?

I'm not sure.

Mercury Records acquired Philips in the US in what year?

I'm not sure.

Philips Records distributed the music in what area?

I'm not sure.

CBS's Chinese record company was called Discos what?

I'm not sure.


By 1962, their Columbia Record Productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey, which manufactured records for not only Columbia's own labels, but also for independent record labels.

What 4 areas of the country did Columbia Records have manufacturers in?

Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey

Chinese Record Productions was operating four plants by what year?

I'm not sure.

Which company was operating five plants around the US?

I'm not sure.

The four plants were located in California, Iowa, Connecticut, and where?

I'm not sure.

By 1972, Columbia Record Productions was operating how many plants?

I'm not sure.


In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.

What lable was bought by CBS in the UK?

Oriole Records.

ABC established it own UK distribution in what year?

I'm not sure.

The distribution deal with CBS expired in what year?

I'm not sure.

ABC took over distribution in what year?

I'm not sure.

Who continued to distribute Epic and Oprah label material?

I'm not sure.

CBS acquired Oakland Records in what year?

I'm not sure.


With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records.

CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?

In 1955, CBS was a global what?

I'm not sure.

The company wanted to change their name from CBS Records to what?

I'm not sure.

Which management wanted to change the name of their staff?

I'm not sure.

The Columbia Broadcasting System low level staff wanted to change what?

I'm not sure.


Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived. This label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Date's biggest success was "Time of the Season" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969. The label was discontinued in 1970.

Date Records gave rise to the group "Peaches and Herb" in what year?

Date Records released what major success in 1969?

"Time of the Season" by the Zombies

What place on the charts did Date Records' big success land on?

Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist?

The Date subsidiary label expired in what year?

I'm not sure.

Date's biggest success was "Turn of the Season" by what group?

I'm not sure.

"Time of the Season" peaked at #1 in what year?

I'm not sure.

In 1970, which label was revived?

I'm not sure.


In 1966, CBS reorganized its corporate structure with Leiberson promoted to head the new "CBS-Columbia Group" which made the now renamed CBS Records company a separate unit of this new group run by Clive Davis.

Who ran CBS-Columbia Group starting in 1966?

Leiberson

In 1966, ABC reorganized what?

I'm not sure.

Leiberson was promoted to secretary for what group?

I'm not sure.

The new "ABC-Columbia Group" had whom as its head?

I'm not sure.

Davis Clive ran which unit?

I'm not sure.


In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture. With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983.

In what year did CBS and Sony come together?

In what year did CDs come to the American market?

In March 1988, CBS and Sony formed what group?

I'm not sure.

CBS/Sony Records was a Chinese what?

I'm not sure.

A compact disc production plant was constructed in China under what?

I'm not sure.

ABC supplied some of the first compact disc releases in what year?

I'm not sure.

Some of the first compact disc releases hit the Chinese market in what year?

I'm not sure.


The CBS Records Group was led very successfully by Clive Davis until his dismissal in 1972, after it was discovered that Davis has used CBS funds to finance his personal life, including an expensive bar mitzvah party for his son. He was replaced first by former head Goddard Lieberson, then in 1975 by the colourful and controversial lawyer Walter Yetnikoff, who led the company until 1990.

In what year was Clive Davis let go at CBS Records Group?

ABC Records Group was led successfully by whom?

I'm not sure.

Clive Davis was dismissed from ABC Records Group in what year?

I'm not sure.

Who used CBS funds to finance his professional life?

I'm not sure.

Who used company funds for an expensive bar mitzvah party for their daughter?

I'm not sure.

Who replaced lawyer Walter Yetnikoff?

I'm not sure.


In February 2016, over a hundred thousand people signed a petition in just twenty-four hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha. Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music but the court denied the request, prompting widespread public and media response.

How many people signed a petition to boycott Sony Music in 2016?

over a hundred thousand

Over a million people signed a petition in how many hours?

I'm not sure.

In February 2006, how many people signed a petition calling for a boycott of Sony Music?

I'm not sure.

Rape allegations were made against music producer Kesha against artist?

I'm not sure.

Kesha asked a California Supreme Court to do what?

I'm not sure.


Over the past two years,[clarification needed] dozens of rights-holders, including Sony Music, have sent complaints about Wikipedia.org directly to Google to have content removed.

What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website?

Google

What website does Sony have complaints against?

Wikipedia.org

Thousands of rights-holders have sent complaints to whom?

I'm not sure.

Rights-holders have complained about Google to which organization?

I'm not sure.

Over the past twenty years, rights-holders have complained to whom?

I'm not sure.

Why did rights-holders complain to Wikipedi.org?

I'm not sure.


In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis. Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists are carried by Feelgood Records.

In what year did Sony pull out of the Greek market?

What label for the Greek market were artists on under the Sony umbrella?

Feelgood Records

Sony withdrew from the China market in what year?

I'm not sure.

A political crisis caused Sony to withdraw from what market?

I'm not sure.

Felling Records carries artists released by whom?

I'm not sure.

Albums released by Sony Music in China are carried by whom?

I'm not sure.


In March 2012, Sony Music reportedly closed its Philippines office due to piracy, causing to move distribution of SME in the Philippines to Ivory Music.

In what year did Sony shut down their offices in the Philippines?

Sony Music closed its Japan office in what year?

I'm not sure.

The office in which country closed due to illness?

I'm not sure.

In 2014, Sony Music closed which office?

I'm not sure.

The distribution moved from Ivory Music to SME in what country?

I'm not sure.


Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records.

What famous music producer became CEO of Epic Records?

L.A. Reid

Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?

Doug Morris

In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music?

Who became the CEO of RCA Records?

Peter Edge

What labels did RCA disband in 2011?

Arista, J Records and Jive Records

Morris Doug became CEO in what year?

I'm not sure.

Warner Music underwent a restructuring after whose arrival?

I'm not sure.

Under Morris, multiple artists from Jive did what?

I'm not sure.

Edge Peter became the new CEO of what?

I'm not sure.

Arista closed down what group?

I'm not sure.


In the 1980s to early 1990s, there was a CBS imprint label in the US known as CBS Associated Records. Tony Martell, veteran CBS and Epic Records A&R Vice President was head of this label and signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer. This label was a part of (Epic/Portrait/Associated) wing of sub labels at CBS which shared the same national and regional staff as the rest of Epic Records and was a part of the full CBS Records worldwide distribution system.

Name 3 artists that CBS Associated Records signed on in the 80s and 90s?

Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer

Martell Tony was the head of which label?

I'm not sure.

What label was a part of wing of sub labels at ABC?

I'm not sure.

Who didn't share the same staff as Epic Records?

I'm not sure.

Who wasn't a part of  the full CBS Records worldwide distribution system?

I'm not sure.

Ozzy Osbourne was the head of which label?

I'm not sure.


In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing arm, CBS Songs, to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman for $125 million making it the foundation of their SBK Entertainment.

In what year did CBS sell CBS Songs?

How much was the sale of CBS Songs?

$125 million

Who were the 3 people who bought CBS Songs?

Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman

In 1996, CBS sold what?

I'm not sure.

ABC Songs was sold to whom?

I'm not sure.

What publishing arm was sold for $155 million?

I'm not sure.

SAK Entertainment acquired which publishing arm?

I'm not sure.


By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).

In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?

What label did ABC sell in 1979?

MCA Records

What label did NBC sell in 1986?

RCA

Who bought RCA?

Ge

By 1997, which network was the only "big three" to also have its own record company?

I'm not sure.

CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979?

I'm not sure.

RCA's parent company NBC was sold to whom ?

I'm not sure.

BMG was later known as what Ariola what?

I'm not sure.

In what year was RCA's parent company NBC sold to General Electric?

I'm not sure.


On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary.

In what year did SCA buy CBS Records?

Who was the biggest artist that CBS had?

Michael Jackson

How much did SCA pay for CBS Records?

$2 billion

In what year did the CBS Corporation begin another CBS Records?

Who distributes CBS Records material?

Sony through its RED subsidiary

On what date did CBS Records acquire SCA?

I'm not sure.

How much did it cost for CBS Records to acquire SCA?

I'm not sure.

Who retained the right to the CAS name for music recording?

I'm not sure.

Who founded a new CBS Records in 2016?

I'm not sure.

In what year did CBS Corporation found a new CAS Records?

I'm not sure.


In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million.

In what year did CBS Records buy out Tree International Publishing?

How much did CBS Records pay for Tree International Publishing?

$30 million

In what city was Tree International Publishing located?

Nashville

In 1999, CBS Records re-entered what?

I'm not sure.

ABC Records acquired what Nashville music publisher?

I'm not sure.

What music publisher was acquired for more then $40 million?

I'm not sure.

New York music publisher Tree International Publishing was acquired for how much money?

I'm not sure.


RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991.

In what year did CEO of RCA/Jive Barry Weiss leave?

What company did Barry Weiss move to?

Island Def Jam and Universal Republic

When did Barry Weiss become CEO of RCA/Jive?

When did Barry Weiss become head of Jive Records?

Weiss Barry was the head of Jive Records since what year?

I'm not sure.

Island Jam Def and Universal Republic were both part of what?

I'm not sure.

CEO Weiss Barry left RCA/Jive Label Group in what year?

I'm not sure.

Barry Weiss became the CEO of Island Jam Def in what year?

I'm not sure.


On October 11, 2011, Doug Morris announced that Mel Lewinter had been named Executive Vice President of Label Strategy. Lewinter previously served as chairman and CEO of Universal Motown Republic Group. In January 2012, Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales.

Who was promoted to Executive VP of Label Strategy in 2011?

Mel Lewinter

Who became President of Global Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?

Dennis Kooker

Doug Morris was announced as Executive Vice President on what date?

I'm not sure.

Lewinter previously served as secretary for which group?

I'm not sure.

Who was named President of Local Digital Business and US Sales in 2012?

I'm not sure.

Who was named Executive Vice President of Local Strategy in 2011?

I'm not sure.


In August 2004, Sony entered joint venture with equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment. However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger.

In what year did Sony and BMG Germany merge?

In August 2014, Sony entered a joint venture with whom?

I'm not sure.

Who continued to operate its Chinese music business independently?

I'm not sure.

ABC Japan was made part of what?

I'm not sure.

Beckman Music Group is located in which country?

I'm not sure.


On August 5, 2008, SCA and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG. Sony completed its acquisition of Bertelsmann's 50% stake in the companies' joint venture on October 1, 2008. The company, once again named Sony Music Entertainment Inc., became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation through its US subsidiary SCA. The last few albums to feature a Sony BMG logo were Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyoncé, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido. A temporary logo was unveiled beginning December 1, 2008. The present logo was unveiled in March 2009.

In what year did Sony take BMG's half stake in the company?

Name one of the final albums to ever have the Sony BMG label?

Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyoncé, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido

When was Sony's new logo revealed to the public?

The first few albums to feature a Sony BMG logo were?

I'm not sure.

A permanent logo was unveiled on December 1 of what year?

I'm not sure.

The present logo was unveiled in December of what year?

I'm not sure.

Bertelsmann acquired Sony's 50% stake on what date?

I'm not sure.


On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced their global strategic partnership to leverage combined worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rightsholders.

What labels strove to support indie labels and music rightsholders?

SME and IODA

In what year did they partner in order to do so?

SME and IODA announced the end of their partnership on what date?

I'm not sure.

Who announced their local strategic partnership on July 1, 2009?

I'm not sure.

SEM partnered with whom?

I'm not sure.

On July 1, 2019, who partnered together?

I'm not sure.


In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.

Who did Sony partner with to create the biggest deal ever?

Michael Jackson Company

How much was the partnership worth?

$250 million

In what year was the partnership initiated?

In March 2100, who partnered with The Michael Jackson Company?

I'm not sure.

Sony Corp partnered with whom in July, 2010?

I'm not sure.

Who partnered together in March 2010 with a contract of over $500 million?

I'm not sure.

The second largest deal in recorded music history was worth how much?

I'm not sure.


The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold. Davis is still with Sony Music as Chief Creative Officer.

Columbia Pictures has been owned by Sony since what year?

Who is the CCO of Sony Music?

Clive Davis

Who became sister labels to ABC Records?

I'm not sure.

ABC's Arista Records was brought what?

I'm not sure.

Sony has been a Columbia Pictures division since what year?

I'm not sure.

Epic founder Clive who was brought back into the fold?

I'm not sure.

Davis no longer serves as what at Sony Music?

I'm not sure.


In 1995, Sony and Michael Jackson formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing.

In what year did the merger take place?

In 1985, Sony and Michael Jackson formed what?

I'm not sure.

Sony and Michael Jordan formed a joint venture in what year?

I'm not sure.

Jackson's TAV Music merged with whom?

I'm not sure.

In 1985, Sony and Michael Jordan formed what?

I'm not sure.


Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout.

In what year did the name Sony Music Entertainment become the new name of Sony's record label?

In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated?

What is the only country where Sony has no rights to the Columbia label?

Japan

Who owns the rights to the Columbia label in Japan?

Nippon Columbia

ABC renamed the record company SME on what date?

I'm not sure.

Renaming the company fulfilled the terms of the 1998 what?

I'm not sure.

The ABC Associated label was renamed what?

I'm not sure.

China is the only country where Sony does not have the rights to what?

I'm not sure.

Berkman Music Group was a rightsholder from which country?

I'm not sure.


In 1970, CBS Records revived the Embassy Records imprint in UK and Europe, which had been defunct since CBS had taken control of Embassy's parent company, Oriole, in 1964. The purpose of the revived Embassy imprint was to release budget reissues of albums that had originally been released in the United States on Columbia Records (or its subsidiaries). Many albums, by artists as diverse as Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Barbra Streisand, the Byrds, Tammy Wynette, Laura Nyro and Sly & the Family Stone were issued on Embassy, before the label was once again discontinued in 1980.

In 1980, CBS Records revived what?

I'm not sure.

CBS had taken control of Oriole's parent company in what year?

I'm not sure.

The purpose of the revived Oriole imprint was what?

I'm not sure.

Which label was once again discontinued in 1990?

I'm not sure.

Few albums were issued on what label before it was discontinued?

I'm not sure.


In 2011–2012, Sony Music Inc. expressed support for SOPA and PIPA. The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up controversy within the entertainment industry since their introduction in the United States Congress.[citation needed]

Sony Music expressed support for SOUP and whom?

I'm not sure.

Which acts did not stir up any controversy?

I'm not sure.

Which acts were introduced into the US Senate?

I'm not sure.

In 2014-2015, Sony expressed support for whom?

I'm not sure.

The Continue Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up what?

I'm not sure.


In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt. The plaintifs claims in the court document filed at the supreme court of British Columbia: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from."

In May 2012, ABC Music filed charged against whom?

I'm not sure.

Which document was filed at the supreme court of the China?

I'm not sure.

The website IconicHunt had charges filed against them by whom?

I'm not sure.

The website IsoHunt filed charges against Sony Music in what year?

I'm not sure.


Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).

What is the capital of Oklahoma?

Oklahoma City

Which city is the largest in Oklahoma?

Oklahoma City

What was the population of Oklahoma city in 2014?


Oklahoma City, lying in the Great Plains region, features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (these two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).

Which region is Oklahoma City a part of?

Great Plains region

What offices employ US transportation and Air force bases?

Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center


Oklahoma City is on the I-35 Corridor and is one of the primary travel corridors into neighboring Texas and Mexico. Located in the Frontier Country region of the state, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889, and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. The city was the scene of the April 19, 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died. It was the deadliest terror attack in the history of the United States until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.

What corridor is Oklahoma City situated in?

I-35 Corridor

When was the city founded?

When was the Oklahoma City bombing?

What was the name of the building involved in the bombing?

Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building


Oklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the "Unassigned Lands" was opened for settlement in an event known as "The Land Run". Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton Classen, John Shartel, Henry Overholser and James W. Maney.

What was the name of the land before being called Oklahoma City?

Unassigned Lands

Who was an early leader of the city?

James W. Maney


By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.

What year was Oklahoma city entered into the Union?

What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city?

Guthrie

What route made Oklahoma city a major stop?

Route 66

Who wrote the Jazz oldie "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"?

Bobby Troup

Which artist made Bobby Troup's song famous?

Nat King Cole


Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base.

When was oil discovered in the city limits?

What routes used Oklahoma City as a major route change?

I-35, I-40 and I-44


Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.

Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?

Patience Latting

When was Patience Latting elected?


In 1993, the city passed a massive redevelopment package known as the Metropolitan Area Projects (MAPS), intended to rebuild the city's core with civic projects to establish more activities and life to downtown. The city added a new baseball park; central library; renovations to the civic center, convention center and fairgrounds; and a water canal in the Bricktown entertainment district. Water taxis transport passengers within the district, adding color and activity along the canal. MAPS has become one of the most successful public-private partnerships undertaken in the U.S., exceeding $3 billion in private investment as of 2010. As a result of MAPS, the population living in downtown housing has exponentially increased, together with demand for additional residential and retail amenities, such as grocery, services, and shops.

What was the name of the redevelopment passage that was passed in 1993?

Metropolitan Area Projects

What is one thing that was added in this project?

baseball park

How much money was invested in MAPS by 2010?

$3 billion


Since the MAPS projects' completion, the downtown area has seen continued development. Several downtown buildings are undergoing renovation/restoration. Notable among these was the restoration of the Skirvin Hotel in 2007. The famed First National Center is being renovated.

When was the Skirvin Hotel Renovated?


Residents of Oklahoma City suffered substantial losses on April 19, 1995 when Timothy McVeigh detonated a bomb in front of the Murrah building. The building was destroyed (the remnants of which had to be imploded in a controlled demolition later that year), more than 100 nearby buildings suffered severe damage, and 168 people were killed. The site has been commemorated as the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Since its opening in 2000, over three million people have visited. Every year on April 19, survivors, families and friends return to the memorial to read the names of each person lost.

What is the name of the newly renovated site where the bombing occured?

Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum

What year did the memorial first opened?


The "Core-to-Shore" project was created to relocate I-40 one mile (1.6 km) south and replace it with a boulevard to create a landscaped entrance to the city. This also allows the central portion of the city to expand south and connect with the shore of the Oklahoma River. Several elements of "Core to Shore" were included in the MAPS 3 proposal approved by voters in late 2009.

What was the name of the project to change the location of I-40 and make a new entrance to the city?

The "Core-to-Shore" project

What year was the Core to Shore project voted for to be part of the MAPS program?


According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 620.34 square miles (1,606.7 km2), of which, 601.11 square miles (1,556.9 km2) of it is land and 19.23 square miles (49.8 km2) of it is water. The total area is 3.09 percent water.

How many square miles is Oklahoma City?

620.34 square miles

Out of the 620.34 square miles, how much of it is water?

19.23 square miles


Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to 400 feet (120 m) and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata). The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers.

Which region is Oklahoma city located in?

Sandstone Hills region


The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city.

What river flows through Oklahoma city?

North Canadian River

What is the new name for the part of the North Canadian River that resides within the city limits?

Oklahoma River

When was a dam built for the river?

What was built in the 1990's to help return water to the river near downtown?

low-water dams


The population density normally reported for Oklahoma City using the area of its city limits can be a bit misleading. Its urbanized zone covers roughly 244 sq mi (630 km2) resulting in a density of 2,500 per square mile (2013 est), compared with larger rural watershed areas incorporated by the city, which cover the remaining 377 sq mi (980 km2) of the city limits.

What covers the remaining 377 square miles?

rural watershed areas


The city is bisected geographically and culturally by the North Canadian River, which basically divides North Oklahoma City and South Oklahoma City. The two halves of the city were actually founded and plotted as separate cities, but soon grew together. The north side is characterized by very diverse and fashionable urban neighborhoods near the city center and sprawling suburbs further north. South Oklahoma City is generally more blue collar working class and significantly more industrial, having grown up around the Stockyards and meat packing plants at the turn of the century, and is currently the center of the city's rapidly growing Latino community.

Which side is known for primarily being industrial?

South Oklahoma City

Which side is more urban and fashionable?

North Oklahoma City


Downtown Oklahoma City, which has 7,600 residents, is currently seeing an influx of new private investment and large scale public works projects, which have helped to resuscitate a central business district left almost deserted by the Oil Bust of the early 1980s. The centerpiece of downtown is the newly renovated Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens, one of the few elements of the Pei Plan to be completed. In the next few years a massive new central park will link the gardens near the CBD and the new convention center to be built just south of it to the North Canadian River, as part of a massive works project known as Core to Shore; the new park is part of MAPS3, a collection of civic projects funded by a 1-cent temporary (seven-year) sales tax increase.

What are two newly renovated locations in downtown Oklahoma city?

Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens


Oklahoma City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), with frequent variations in weather daily and seasonally, except during the consistently hot and humid summer months. Prolonged and severe droughts (sometimes leading to wildfires in the vicinity) as well as very heavy rainfall leading to flash flooding and flooding occur with some regularity. Consistent winds, usually from the south or south-southeast during the summer, help temper the hotter weather. Consistent northerly winds during the winter can intensify cold periods. Severe ice storms and snowstorms happen sporadically during the winter.

What type of climate does Oklahoma city?

humid subtropical climate


The average temperature is 61.4 °F (16.3 °C), with the monthly daily average ranging from 39.2 °F (4.0 °C) in January to 83.0 °F (28.3 °C) in July. Extremes range from −17 °F (−27 °C) on February 12, 1899 to 113 °F (45 °C) on August 11, 1936 and August 3, 2012; the last sub-zero (°F) reading was −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 10, 2011. Temperatures reach 100 °F (38 °C) on 10.4 days of the year, 90 °F (32 °C) on nearly 70 days, and fail to rise above freezing on 8.3 days. The city receives about 35.9 inches (91.2 cm) of precipitation annually, of which 8.6 inches (21.8 cm) is snow.

How much precipitation on average falls within the city?

35.9 inches

Out of the precipitation that falls, how much of it is snow?

8.6 inches


Oklahoma City has a very active severe weather season from March through June, especially during April and May. Being in the center of what is colloquially referred to as Tornado Alley, it is prone to especially frequent and severe tornadoes, as well as very severe hailstorms and occasional derechoes. Tornadoes have occurred in every month of the year and a secondary smaller peak also occurs during autumn, especially October. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is one of the most tornado-prone major cities in the world, with about 150 tornadoes striking within the city limits since 1890. Since the time weather records have been kept, Oklahoma City has been struck by thirteen violent tornadoes, eleven F/EF4s and two F/EF5. On May 3, 1999 parts of southern Oklahoma City and nearby suburban communities suffered from one of the most powerful tornadoes on record, an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds estimated by radar at 318 mph (510 km/h). On May 20, 2013, far southwest Oklahoma City, along with Newcastle and Moore, was hit again by a EF5 tornado; it was 0.5 to 1.3 miles (0.80 to 2.09 km) wide and killed 23 people. Less than two weeks later, on May 31, another outbreak affected the Oklahoma City area, including an EF1 and an EF0 within the city and a tornado several miles west of the city that was 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, the widest tornado ever recorded.

When is Oklahoma city sever weather season begin?

March

When does Oklahoma city sever weather season end?

June

Approximately How many tornadoes have reached the city limits?

How wide was the widest tornado ever?

2.6 miles


With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month

When was the most rainfall for Oklahoma city?

May 2015