Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the kithara, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey.

Who challenged Apollo to a trial of skill?

Pan

Who was a faithful follower of Pan?

Midas

Who was the mountain-god?

Tmolus

Who was chosen as umpire of the trial of skill?

Tmolus


After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. He then nailed Marsyas' shaggy skin to a nearby pine-tree. Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas.

What instrument did Apolo play?

lyre

What instrument did Marsyas know how to play?

flute

Who could not sing at the same time he played the flute?

Marsyas

What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas?

Marsyas' blood


On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. In the time of Augustus, who considered himself under the special protection of Apollo and was even said to be his son, his worship developed and he became one of the chief gods of Rome.

Where was Apollo's first temple at Rome established?

Flaminian fields

When was the Second Punic war?

212 BCE

What is another name for the Ludi Apollinares?

Apollonian Games


As god of colonization, Apollo gave oracular guidance on colonies, especially during the height of colonization, 750–550 BCE. According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy. However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneiform texts mention a Minor Asian god called Appaliunas or Apalunas in connection with the city of Wilusa attested in Hittite inscriptions, which is now generally regarded as being identical with the Greek Ilion by most scholars. In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves (possibly a folk etymology).

Who was god of colonization?

Apollo

When was the height of colonization?

750–550 BCE

What does Lykegenes mean?

born in Lycia


In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus. This contrast appears to be shown on the two sides of the Borghese Vase.

Who was the god of wine?

Dionysus

In literary contexts, who represents harmony, order and reason?

Apollo

Where did Apollo go in winter?

Hyperborea


The evolution of the Greek sculpture can be observed in his depictions from the almost static formal Kouros type in early archaic period, to the representation of motion in a relative harmonious whole in late archaic period. In classical Greece the emphasis is not given to the illusive imaginative reality represented by the ideal forms, but to the analogies and the interaction of the members in the whole, a method created by Polykleitos. Finally Praxiteles seems to be released from any art and religious conformities, and his masterpieces are a mixture of naturalism with stylization.

Whose masterpieces are a mixture of naturallism with stylization?

Praxiteles

In whose depictions can the evolution of Greek sculpture be observed?

Praxiteles

Who seems to be released from any art and religious conformities?

Praxiteles


In classical Greece, Anaxagoras asserted that a divine reason (mind) gave order to the seeds of the universe, and Plato extended the Greek belief of ideal forms to his metaphysical theory of forms (ideai, "ideas"). The forms on earth are imperfect duplicates of the intellectual celestial ideas. The Greek words oida (οἶδα, "(I) know") and eidos (εἶδος, "species") have the same root as the word idea (ἰδέα), indicating how the Greek mind moved from the gift of the senses, to the principles beyond the senses. The artists in Plato's time moved away from his theories and art tends to be a mixture of naturalism with stylization. The Greek sculptors considered the senses more important, and the proportions were used to unite the sensible with the intellectual.

Who asserted that a divine reason gave order to the seeds of the universe?

Anaxagoras

Who extended the Greek beilef of idea forms to his metaphysical theory of forms?

Plato

What is one Greek word that has the same root as the word idea?

eidos


Kouros (male youth) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece. This type served certain religious needs and was first proposed for what was previously thought to be depictions of Apollo. The first statues are certainly still and formal. The formality of their stance seems to be related with the Egyptian precedent, but it was accepted for a good reason. The sculptors had a clear idea of what a young man is, and embodied the archaic smile of good manners, the firm and springy step, the balance of the body, dignity, and youthful happiness. When they tried to depict the most abiding qualities of men, it was because men had common roots with the unchanging gods. The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented. These forms expressed immortality. Apollo was the immortal god of ideal balance and order. His shrine in Delphi, that he shared in winter with Dionysius had the inscriptions: γνῶθι σεαυτόν (gnōthi seautón="know thyself") and μηδὲν ἄγαν (mēdén ágan, "nothing in excess"), and ἐγγύα πάρα δ'ἄτη (eggýa pára d'atē, "make a pledge and mischief is nigh").

What is the modern term given to those representations of stnding male youths that first appear in the archaic period in Greece?

Kouros

What is another word for male youth?

Kouros

Who was the immortal god of ideal balance?

Apollo


In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face and the body which were not represented as lifeless masses, but as being full of life. The Greeks maintained, until late in their civilization, an almost animistic idea that the statues are in some sense alive. This embodies the belief that the image was somehow the god or man himself. A fine example is the statue of the Sacred gate Kouros which was found at the cemetery of Dipylon in Athens (Dipylon Kouros). The statue is the "thing in itself", and his slender face with the deep eyes express an intellectual eternity. According to the Greek tradition the Dipylon master was named Daedalus, and in his statues the limbs were freed from the body, giving the impression that the statues could move. It is considered that he created also the New York kouros, which is the oldest fully preserved statue of Kouros type, and seems to be the incarnation of the god himself.

The period between 640-580 BC was known as what?

early archaic period

What was the name of the Dipylon master?

Daedalus

Who created the New York kouros?

Daedalus


The animistic idea as the representation of the imaginative reality, is sanctified in the Homeric poems and in Greek myths, in stories of the god Hephaestus (Phaistos) and the mythic Daedalus (the builder of the labyrinth) that made images which moved of their own accord. This kind of art goes back to the Minoan period, when its main theme was the representation of motion in a specific moment. These free-standing statues were usually marble, but also the form rendered in limestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta.

Who is said to be the builder of the labyrinth?

Daedalus

During what period was art's main theme the representation of motion in a specific movement?

Minoan period

These free-standing statues were sometimes rendered from immestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta but were usually made from what material?

marble


The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo, may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos. Such statues were found across the Greek speaking world, the preponderance of these were found at the sanctuaries of Apollo with more than one hundred from the sanctuary of Apollo Ptoios, Boeotia alone. The last stage in the development of the Kouros type is the late archaic period (520–485 BC), in which the Greek sculpture attained a full knowledge of human anatomy and used to create a relative harmonious whole. Ranking from the very few bronzes survived to us is the masterpiece bronze Piraeus Apollo. It was found in Piraeus, the harbour of Athens. The statue originally held the bow in its left hand, and a cup of pouring libation in its right hand. It probably comes from north-eastern Peloponnesus. The emphasis is given in anatomy, and it is one of the first attempts to represent a kind of motion, and beauty relative to proportions, which appear mostly in post-Archaic art. The statue throws some light on an artistic centre which, with an independently developed harder, simpler, and heavier style, restricts Ionian influence in Athens. Finally, this is the germ from which the art of Polykleitos was to grow two or three generations later.

What period ran from 520-485 BC?

late archaic period

What was the harbour of Athens?

Piraeus

What did Piraeus Apollo hold in his left hand?

the bow

What did Piraeus Apollo hold in his right hand?

a cup of pouring libation


In the next century which is the beginning of the Classical period, it was considered that beauty in visible things as in everything else, consisted of symmetry and proportions. The artists tried also to represent motion in a specific moment (Myron), which may be considered as the reappearance of the dormant Minoan element. Anatomy and geometry are fused in one, and each does something to the other. The Greek sculptors tried to clarify it by looking for mathematical proportions, just as they sought some reality behind appearances. Polykleitos in his Canon wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements (materials), but of the parts, that is the interrelation of parts with one another and with the whole. It seems that he was influenced by the theories of Pythagoras. The famous Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm. The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic. The Apollo held the cythara against his extended left arm, of which in the Louvre example, a fragment of one twisting scrolling horn upright remains against his biceps.

Who wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements?

Polykleitos

In what type of art does the god hold the cithara in his left arm?

Apollo Citharoedus statue type

What type of art is modeled after a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th Century BCE.

neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century


Though the proportions were always important in Greek art, the appeal of the Greek sculptures eludes any explanation by proportion alone. The statues of Apollo were thought to incarnate his living presence, and these representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in the Minoan period, and in the beliefs of the first Greek speaking people who entered the region during the bronze-age. Just as the Greeks saw the mountains, forests, sea and rivers as inhabited by concrete beings, so nature in all of its manifestations possesses clear form, and the form of a work of art. Spiritual life is incorporated in matter, when it is given artistic form. Just as in the arts the Greeks sought some reality behind appearances, so in mathematics they sought permanent principles which could be applied wherever the conditions were the same. Artists and sculptors tried to find this ideal order in relation with mathematics, but they believed that this ideal order revealed itself not so much to the dispassionate intellect, as to the whole sentient self. Things as we see them, and as they really are, are one, that each stresses the nature of the other in a single unity.

The statues of who were thought to incarnate his living presence?

Apollo

Representations of illusive imaginative reality had deep roots in what period?

Minoan

What people saw the mountains, forests, sea and rivers as inhabited by concrete beings?

Greeks


These representations rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visible sake. They care for the schematic arrangements of bodies in space, but only as parts in a larger whole. While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs. In these archaic pediments the sculptors use empty intervals, to suggest a passage to and fro a busy battlefield. The artists seem to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order, and this was improved when classical art brought a greater freedom and economy.

Who seemed to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order?

The artists

What rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visibe sake?

These representations

While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what?

the general sequence to which it belongs


Apollo as a handsome beardless young man, is often depicted with a kithara (as Apollo Citharoedus) or bow in his hand, or reclining on a tree (the Apollo Lykeios and Apollo Sauroctonos types). The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century. The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

Who is often depicted with a kithara or bow in his hand?

Apollo

What is the name of a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century?

The Apollo Belvedere

Who made the Apollo Belvedere?

Leochares

When did Leochares make The Apollo Belvedere?

between 350 and 325 BCE


Bush's margin of victory in the popular vote was the smallest ever for a reelected incumbent president, but marked the first time since his father's victory 16 years prior that a candidate won a majority of the popular vote. The electoral map closely resembled that of 2000, with only three states changing sides: New Mexico and Iowa voted Republican in 2004 after having voted Democratic in 2000, while New Hampshire voted Democratic in 2004 after previously voting Republican. In the Electoral College, Bush received 286 votes to Kerry's 252.

Which candidate, in the 2004 election, had the majority of the popular vote?

Bush

How many States renounced their preferred political party?

three

Which state switched sides and embraced the Democratic party after previously choosing the Republican party?

New Hampshire

How many votes did Kerry receive, in the Electoral College?

How large of a gap was there between Bush's and Kerry's votes?

the smallest ever

What two states did George Bush campaign the hardest in?

I'm not sure.

What was the first state Bush's father campaigned in?

I'm not sure.

What margin of victory did Bush's father have in 2004?

I'm not sure.

How many votes did Bush Sr. receive in the Electoral Collage 16 years before?

I'm not sure.

What state was John Kerry originally from?

I'm not sure.


Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow, severely hampered by ongoing turmoil and violence within the country.

What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?

terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

How long into Bush's presidency did tragedy occur on American soil?

eight months

Did Bush become disfavorable during the time of the 9/11 attacks?

surged to near 90%

How long did it take for the US military to respond by infiltrating Afghanistan?

Within a month

By which month, were the Taliban no longer controlling Kabul?

December

How long had Osama Bin Laden been planning the Sept. 11th attack?

I'm not sure.

How successful was the coalition in its mission in Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

How long did it take to capture Osama Bin Laden?

I'm not sure.

What city had been ruled by Osama Bin Laden?

I'm not sure.

What happened in New York after the Sept. 11th terrorist attack?

I'm not sure.


The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. Among the stated reasons were that Saddam's regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed, and believed to still maintain. Both the possession of these weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and the failure to account for them, would violate the U.N. sanctions. The assertion about WMD was hotly advanced by the Bush administration from the beginning, but other major powers including China, France, Germany, and Russia remained unconvinced that Iraq was a threat and refused to allow passage of a UN Security Council resolution to authorize the use of force. Iraq permitted UN weapon inspectors in November 2002, who were continuing their work to assess the WMD claim when the Bush administration decided to proceed with war without UN authorization and told the inspectors to leave the country. The United States invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, along with a "coalition of the willing" that consisted of additional troops from the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent, from Australia and Poland. Within about three weeks, the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its armed forces, however, the U.S. and allied forces failed to find any weapon of mass destruction in Iraq. Traces of former materials and weapons labs were reported to have been located, but no "smoking guns". Nevertheless, on May 1, George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, in a Lockheed S-3 Viking, where he gave a speech announcing the end of "major combat operations" in the Iraq War. Bush's approval rating in May was at 66%, according to a CNN–USA Today–Gallup poll. However, Bush's high approval ratings did not last. First, while the war itself was popular in the U.S., the reconstruction and attempted "democratization" of Iraq lost some support as months passed and casualty figures increased, with no decrease in violence nor progress toward stability or reconstruction. Second, as investigators combed through the country, they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles, which led to debate over the rationale for the war.

Who did Bush feel was important to remove from power, after removing the Taliban from Kabul?

Saddam Hussein

What does WMD stand for?

weapons of mass destruction

When did Iraq agree to allow UN inspectors into the country to check for weapons of mass destruction?

November 2002

Did Bush have the support of the UN, when he decided to infiltrate Iraq on March 20, 2003?

without UN authorization

After the Iraqi government and it's forces were defeated, were investigators able to locate the WMD?

they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles

What did Saddam Hussein believe the Bush administration had acquired?

I'm not sure.

What had Russia not properly accounted for in 2002?

I'm not sure.

What narrative was pushed by Russia from the beginning about China posessing?

I'm not sure.

What did the US refuse to allow to pass for the use of force on China?

I'm not sure.

When did France invade Germany to look for WMD?

I'm not sure.


On March 10, 2004, Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City. Bush accepted the nomination on September 2, 2004, and selected Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate. (In New York, the ticket was also on the ballot as candidates of the Conservative Party of New York State.) During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes: defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society. The ownership society included allowing people to invest some of their Social Security in the stock market, increasing home and stock ownership, and encouraging more people to buy their own health insurance.

By what date did Bush obtain the number of votes required to become the 2004 Republican nominee?

March 10, 2004

When did Bush accept the Republican nomination?

September 2, 2004

Whom did Bush want to stand beside him as Vice President?

Dick Cheney

Which two topics did Bush remain steadfast on, during his campaign?

terrorism and building an ownership society

In New York State, which party was the Bush/Cheney duo candidates of?

Conservative Party

When did Dick Cheney get enough delegates to be nominated at the RNC?

I'm not sure.

When did Cheney accept the nomination?

I'm not sure.

In what city was Cheney nominated at the RNC in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What two themes did Cheney speak about often during his campaign?

I'm not sure.

What was one idea endorsed by Cheney in his 2004 speech?

I'm not sure.


By summer of 2003, Howard Dean had become the apparent front runner for the Democratic nomination, performing strongly in most polls and leading the pack with the largest campaign war chest. Dean's strength as a fund raiser was attributed mainly to his embrace of the Internet for campaigning. The majority of his donations came from individual supporters, who became known as Deanites, or, more commonly, Deaniacs. Generally regarded as a pragmatic centrist during his time as governor, Dean emerged during his presidential campaign as a left-wing populist, denouncing the policies of the Bush administration (especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq) as well as fellow Democrats, who, in his view, failed to strongly oppose them. Senator Lieberman, a liberal on domestic issues but a hawk on the War on Terror, failed to gain traction with liberal Democratic primary voters.

Who became the Democratic nominee, half way through 2003?

Howard Dean

Dean's admiration for internet campaigning accredited his strength as what?

a fund raiser

What did Dean's backers become known as?

Deaniacs

What government position has Howard Dean previously held?

governor

Which of Bush's policies did Dean criticize most notably?

the 2003 invasion of Iraq

What status had Senator Lieberman gained in 2003?

I'm not sure.

How well did Senator Lieberman perform in the polls in 2003?

I'm not sure.

What did Senator Lieberman have that helped him further his campaign?

I'm not sure.

What method did Senator Lieberman use that helped him successfully raise funds?

I'm not sure.

Where did most of Senator Lieberman's donations come from?

I'm not sure.


In September 2003, retired four-star general Wesley Clark announced his intention to run in the presidential primary election for the Democratic Party nomination. His campaign focused on themes of leadership and patriotism; early campaign ads relied heavily on biography. His late start left him with relatively few detailed policy proposals. This weakness was apparent in his first few debates, although he soon presented a range of position papers, including a major tax-relief plan. Nevertheless, the Democrats did not flock to support his campaign.

Which Democratic nominee declared his intention to enter into the presidential race, in the fall of 2003?

Wesley Clark

What did Wesley Clark's initial campaign ads depend upon?

biography

What were Wesley Clarks's core issues?

leadership and patriotism

What shortcoming was noticeable, from the start, for Wesley Clark?

few detailed policy proposals

Was Wesley Clark influential in gathering the Democratic backing?

did not flock to support his campaign

In what year did Wesley Clark retire?

I'm not sure.

What rank did Wesley Clark obtain in September 2003?

I'm not sure.

What two topics were used in the biography that came out about the DNC in 2003?

I'm not sure.

What was the DNC lacking to draw more support from donors?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing that the DNC didn't want to take a position on?

I'm not sure.


In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?

Kerry

Which state was expected to show the least amount of support for Kerry going into the caucuses, before Iowa?

New Hampshire

What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?

he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan

Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired?

Mary Beth Cahill

What regulation did Kerry not follow to try to save his campaign?

mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign

What did Ted Kennedy have fewer of than Kerry in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What was Ted Kennedy's position in the superdelegate race in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What states did Ted Kennedy lead in in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What was one area that Kennedy was seen as being weak in?

I'm not sure.

What position was held by Jim Jordan when he was fired by Bill Bradley?

I'm not sure.


In the race for individual contributions, economist Lyndon LaRouche dominated the pack leading up to the primaries. According to the Federal Election Commission statistics, LaRouche had more individual contributors to his 2004 presidential campaign than any other candidate, until the final quarter of the primary season, when John Kerry surpassed him. As of the April 15 filing, LaRouche had 7834 individual contributions, of those who have given cumulatively, $200 or more, as compared to 6257 for John Kerry, 5582 for John Edwards, 4090 for Howard Dean, and 2744 for Gephardt.

Who, at the start of the primaries, had the most single campaign contributors?

Lyndon LaRouche

Who had the highest amount of single campaign contributors, at the final quarter of the primaries?

John Kerry

Who earned the fewest individual contributions as of the April 15th filing date?

Gephardt

What agency provided statistical information regarding the Presidential Candidates' individual contributors?

Federal Election Commission

What did Gephardt have more of than any other candidate in 2004?

I'm not sure.

When did John Edwards surpass Gephardt in individual contributors for his campaign?

I'm not sure.

What profession did Gephardt have before 2004?

I'm not sure.

When did the FEC start collecting presidential campaign funding statistics?

I'm not sure.

What is the minimum amount that an individual contributor can donate to a campaign according to the FEC?

I'm not sure.


By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards, who took 32%. Former front-runner Howard Dean slipped to 18% and third place, and Richard Gephardt finished fourth (11%). In the days leading up to the Iowa vote, there was much negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt camps.

How many candidates remained by the end of the Iowa caucuses, in January 2004?

nine

Which two candidates had surprising results despite Howard Dean being the strong front-runner?

John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards

Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?

Dean

Preceding the Iowa caucuses, which candidates used naysaying tactics in their campaigning?

Dean and Gephardt

Which candidate dropped out of the race, leaving the field to nine candidates?

Bob Graham

What percentage of the state's delegates had Bob Graham taken as the front-runner?

I'm not sure.

What did Graham and Kerry take part in leading up to the Iowa vote?

I'm not sure.

How many ads were run by Graham in Iowa before the vote?

I'm not sure.

How much of the vote did Bob Graham have in Iowa after the election?

I'm not sure.

When was Bob Graham performing his best in the race?

I'm not sure.


The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry. Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out, endorsing Howard Dean. Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his unidirectional microphone, leaving only his full-throated exhortations audible to the television viewers. To those at home, he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion. The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias. The scream scene was shown approximately 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident, a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts. However, those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous "scream" until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV.

Which candidate, after dropping out, went on to endorse Kerry?

Gephardt

Which troubled candidate did Carol Moseley Braun end up endorsing, after she dropped out?

Howard Dean

The continual playing of Dean's post-rally speech by the media stirred what type of controversy?

whether Dean was the victim of media bias

What tag did the media attach to Dean's post-rally speech?

"Dean Scream"

Did those in attendance at Dean's speech know about the "Dean Scream"?

they were not aware

Where did Carol Moseley Braun give a speech that hurt her campaign?

I'm not sure.

What was Braun thought to be a victim of by the media?

I'm not sure.

How many times were their news reports that focused on negative events in Braun's campaign?

I'm not sure.

What place in the race was Braun?

I'm not sure.

What was filtering the crowd noise when Braun was giving a speech?

I'm not sure.


The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?

John Edwards

Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?

Clark

Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?

Lieberman

Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?

Kerry

After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?

Edwards

What primary was won by Sharpton?

I'm not sure.

What did Sharpton do the next day after losing in Nevada?

I'm not sure.

How long did Sharpton finish strong in the race?

I'm not sure.

What caused Sharpton to have increasing support by voters?

I'm not sure.

What other candidate was the only threat to Sharpton's campaign?

I'm not sure.


In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.

Which candidate was the fore-runner after definitively winning in the primaries and Minnesota caucuses?

Kerry

Which candidate won his state primary, despite having already dropped out of his race?

Dean

Which candidate finished in second place in the Georgia primary?

Edwards

Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?

South Carolina

Which candidate dropped out of the race, next after Edwards?

Sharpton

What is Sharpton's home state?

I'm not sure.

What is the only state taken by Sharpton?

I'm not sure.

In what month did Kerry officially leave the race?

I'm not sure.

When did Kuninch win victories in California, Connecticut and Georgia?

I'm not sure.

What caucuses did Kuninch also win in on Super Tuesday?

I'm not sure.


On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.

Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?

John Edwards

How many candidates did John Kerry name as potential prospects to be his running mate?

three

What was the Kerry/Edwards slogan that was released prior to the start of the convention in Boston?

"stronger at home and more respected in the world."

Which part of Kerry's Boston speech made reference to his military experience?

"I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."

Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?

"the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom"

On what date did Tom Vilsack choose John Edwards as his running mate?

I'm not sure.

In what city did Tom Vilsack speak at the DNC?

I'm not sure.

What other two candidates did Tom Vilsack have on his list for possible running mates?

I'm not sure.

What was the slogan for Vilsack/Edwards at the DNC?

I'm not sure.

What did Vilsack mention that the future belonged to in his famous quote?

I'm not sure.


Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a "Massachusetts liberal" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was "Stronger at home, respected in the world." This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy.

What was the primary focus of Bush's campaign?

national security

How did Bush try to convey that he was the stronger, tougher candidate?

presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper."

What phrase did Kerry use to try to express that he was more concerned for America?

"Stronger at home, respected in the world."

What does Kerry feel Bush aliented the American people with?

his foreign policy

The stategy that Bush used against Kerry was compared to what other similar strategy in the past?

just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election

What did Dukakis focus his campaign on?

I'm not sure.

What kind of leader did Dukakis want to be seen as?

I'm not sure.

How was Bush portrayed as when compared to Dukakis?

I'm not sure.

What attitude did Dukakis have on terrorism?

I'm not sure.

What perception made Bush appear weaker than Dukakis?

I'm not sure.


During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes.

Who was accused on not fulfilling their military service, during the fall of 2004?

Bush

What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service?

a segment on 60 Minutes

Which news agency came under review resulting in the firing of their producer?

CBS News

Which time period came into the spotlight, during the fall of 2004?

the late 1960s and early 1970s

What did the documents that were aired during the 60 Minutes segment come to be known as?

Killian documents

What was Killian accused of not doing in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What did the Texas Air National Guard focus on in September 2004?

I'm not sure.

What news agency did a staffing change in 1970?

I'm not sure.

When was the news producer hired at CBS?

I'm not sure.

Who was fired after working for Bush in the 1970's?

I'm not sure.


The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.

Where did the first debate, between Kerry and Bush take place?

University of Miami

Who was considered to have been the winner of the debate?

Kerry

Who was the moderator of the first debate between Kerry and Bush?

Jim Lehrer

What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?

foreign policy

How did the opinion regarding Kerry change, after being delared the winner of the debate?

strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign

Where did the first debate between Lehrer and Kerry take place?

I'm not sure.

What did Lehrer accuse Kerry of not doing in 2003?

I'm not sure.

What was Lehrer's reply to Kerry in the debate?

I'm not sure.

What was the deciding opinion about Lehrer's performance in the debate?

I'm not sure.

What did the media air to show Lehrer's annoyance with Kerry?

I'm not sure.


The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC. Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience. Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

Where was the second debate for presidency held?

Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri

Was the second debate held in a rigid, formalistic manner?

town meeting format, less formal

Was there a specific topic as the main focus for the second debate?

taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience

Who was the moderator of the second debate, held at the Washington University?

Charles Gibson

How did Bush try to make light of himself after being made fun of for his demeanor during the first debate?

joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

When was Charles Gibson first hired at ABC?

I'm not sure.

What style did Charles Gibson usually use when hosting a news broadcast?

I'm not sure.

Who usually watches Charles Gibson when he is on ABC news?

I'm not sure.

What kind of comments does Charles Gibson use when in a difficult interview?

I'm not sure.

What was Charles Gibson's comment about Bush's answer to his first question?

I'm not sure.


Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously. After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.

How many debates were there in total, between Kerry and Bush?

third

Where was the final debate, between Kerry and Bush held?

Arizona State University

What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?

Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously

Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?

Vice President Cheney's daughter

What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?

"a pretty angry father"

How many people in the US support gay rights?

I'm not sure.

What was Bob Schieffer scolded by Cheney for using to further himself politically?

I'm not sure.

When did Cheney's daughter come out as a lesbian?

I'm not sure.

What college did Cheney's daughter graduate from?

I'm not sure.

What did Bob Schieffer call himself when his children were featured in a CBS news story?

I'm not sure.


One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?

John Edwards

Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?

This was the first time in U.S. history

Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?

All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president

What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?

under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president

In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?

it violated Electoral College rules

What did the Electoral College do when John Kerry's name was wrong on the ballot?

I'm not sure.

How many states voted for John Edwards for president in the election?

I'm not sure.

How many times had Aaron Burr run for office in the past?

I'm not sure.

Who voted for John Edwards for president and had his vote discounted because it violated the rules?

I'm not sure.

What state was Aaron Burr originally from?

I'm not sure.


The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

Why was there tension the day after the election?

It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner

Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?

provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000

How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?

The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population

Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?

the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio

Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?

Al Gore

What lead did Kerry have initially?

I'm not sure.

What was Ken Blackwell waiting for that hadn't been counted yet?

I'm not sure.

What preliminary leads did Kerry have in four states?

I'm not sure.

Which state became the most important for Al Gore to win the election?

I'm not sure.

What did Al Gore announce was impossible for the Democrats to do to win in 2000?

I'm not sure.


At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Was there any debate about the voting process in Ohio?

a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes

What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?

During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote

Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?

Senator Boxer

Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?

Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?

Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats

When was Boxer elected to office?

I'm not sure.

Why did Republicans say they made the motion to contest Boxer?

I'm not sure.

What did the four house officials who hadn't take office yet argue about the election?

I'm not sure.

What happened before four senators took office in Ohio?

I'm not sure.

What did the 31 Democrats in the House say they had not made the motion for?

I'm not sure.


Kerry would later state that "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters." In the same article, Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean said "I'm not confident that the election in Ohio was fairly decided... We know that there was substantial voter suppression, and the machines were not reliable. It should not be a surprise that the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections. That's what we suspect has happened."

What did Kerry say affected the ability to know if the results of the Ohio vote was unbiased?

"the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters."

Which Democratic official supported Kerry's theory about the Ohio votes?

Howard Dean

What was said about the devices used to collect the votes, in Ohio?

the machines were not reliable

Who was targeted for defrauding the electoral process, in Ohio?

the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections

What did Kerry think the state of voter machines was?

I'm not sure.

Who did Kerry think was unethical in the election?

I'm not sure.

What did the DNC say wasn't possible to know for certain?

I'm not sure.

What kind of suppression was there in Ohio according to Kerry?

I'm not sure.

What did the DNC say Kerry was guilty of in the election?

I'm not sure.


At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In September 2004 the OSCE issued a report on U.S. electoral processes and the election final report. The report reads: "The November 2, 2004 elections in the United States mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document. They were conducted in an environment that reflects a long-standing democratic tradition, including institutions governed by the rule of law, free and generally professional media, and a civil society intensively engaged in the election process. There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."

Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?

the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004

Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?

It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.

What were the findings of the OSCE team?

mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document

What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?

long-standing democratic tradition

What group was invited to the US by the public in 1990?

I'm not sure.

Why did OSCE come to the US in 1990?

I'm not sure.

Who did the OSCE send to the US in 1990?

I'm not sure.

How many times had the OSCE been to the US before 1990?

I'm not sure.

What was issued by the OSCE in 1990 on the election?

I'm not sure.


The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.)

What finance act affected the 2004 election?

the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?

its sponsors in the United States Senate

How did the 527 groups come up with their title?

Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code

What stipulation enabled the 527 groups to campaign for funds?

as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns

What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?

MoveOn.org

What act was passed during the 2000 campaign?

I'm not sure.

What reforms took place during the 2000 campaign?

I'm not sure.

How many campaign finance groups were there in 2000?

I'm not sure.

In what year did McCain run for President of the US?

I'm not sure.

What group supported McCain in the 2000 election?

I'm not sure.


To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??

required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement

What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election?

60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name

Official advertisements generally contained what phrase?

"I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."

Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase?

"[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"

What was the tag line requirement before?

Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

What were candidates required to identify when speaking at a supporters business?

I'm not sure.

What did supporters have to refer to 60 days before an election?

I'm not sure.

What does not mentioning candidates names before an election help the public differentiate between?

I'm not sure.

What method was used to disclose candidate funding when a candidate gave a speech in the past?

I'm not sure.

What were required to include who was involved in choosing a candidate for office?

I'm not sure.


A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?

ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36

What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?

under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system

Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?

Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district)

Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?

Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College

Did Amendment 36 get passed?

the amendment ultimately failed

What was the name of the amendment passed in Nebraska?

I'm not sure.

What did Amendment 36 change in Nebraska?

I'm not sure.

How was Amendment 36 described when it was on the ballot in Nebraska?

I'm not sure.

Where would Nebraska's influence be diminished under the 36th Amendment?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of the population in Nebraska didn't like the amendment?

I'm not sure.


The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?

New Right

Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?

anti-socialist

Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?

Robert Menzies

Who founded Australia's liberal party?

Robert Menzies

What is communism also referred to?

I'm not sure.

Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself liberal or anti-socialist?

I'm not sure.

Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving socialist?

I'm not sure.

Who founded communism in Australia?

I'm not sure.

What has Australia's middle class now support more of?

I'm not sure.


Throughout their history, the Liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom Menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "The forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. In the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal.[citation needed] One effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the Australian Democrats, founded in 1977 by former Liberal minister Don Chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became Labor supporters.[citation needed] On the other hand, the Liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters.[citation needed]However the Liberal Party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the Liberals, most of which are safe seats. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, depending on various factors.

Whom are referred to as "The forgoten people?"

the middle class

In what year were the Australian Democrats founded?

Which former liberal founded the Australian Democrats in 1977?

Don Chipp

Whom are referred to as voters?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the Liberal Party founded?

I'm not sure.

Which former liberal founded the Liberal Party in 1977?

I'm not sure.

Who are 16 of 20 of the middle class electorates held by?

I'm not sure.

When did a left wing federal electorate emerge that no longer voted liberal?

I'm not sure.


Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts.

Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, mainain, or lower tariff levels?

generally maintain

Which group is currently known as the "National Party"?

the Country Party

What is the "New Right"?

a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts

Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?

publicly

Did Mezies and Malcom Fraser raise, maintain, or lower market levels?

I'm not sure.

Which group is currently known as the Australia party?

I'm not sure.

Were tariffs publicly or privately owned in Menzie's economy?

I'm not sure.

When did the Malcolm Fraser come to be influenced by the New Right?

I'm not sure.

Where did Fraser preside over a fairly regulated economy?

I'm not sure.


The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by the second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, in response to Labor's growing electoral prominence. The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917. That party, in turn, merged with Labor dissidents to form the UAP in 1931.

Which group was predecessor to the Liberals?

United Australia Party (UAP)

From where did the ideology of the Liberals stem?

anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments

What did the Commonwealth Liberal Party merge to form?

Nationalist Party of Australia

In what year was the Nationalist Party of Australia formed?

Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party?

I'm not sure.

from where did the prominence of the Liberals stem?

I'm not sure.

What did the UAP merge to form?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the prime minister party formed?

I'm not sure.

When did Billy Hughes fuse the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party?

I'm not sure.


The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.

What economic event influenced the 1931 Election?

the Great Depression

How many consecutive elections did the Lyons Government win?

three

What event caused Robert Menzies to become Prime Minister?

Lyons' death in 1939

What years did Robert Menzies serve as Prime Minister?

1939 to 1941

What economic event influenced the 1943 election?

I'm not sure.

How many conservative elections did Robert Menzies win?

I'm not sure.

What event caused Billy Hughes to become Prime Minister?

I'm not sure.

What years did Billy Hughes serve as Prime Minister?

I'm not sure.

What was used to bring the UAP out of the Depression?

I'm not sure.


Menzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. From 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of "The Forgotten People" radio talks–similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" of the 1930s–in which he spoke of the middle class as the "backbone of Australia" but as nevertheless having been "taken for granted" by political parties.

To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" radio talks compared to?

Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"

How did Roosevelt refer to the middle class?

"backbone of Australia"

Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to the Australian Labor Party?

opposed

Where was the second anti-Labor Party held in 1944?

Albury, New South Wales

To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" political parties compared to?

I'm not sure.

Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to Franklin D. Roosevelt?

I'm not sure.

Where was the second fireside chat held in 1944?

I'm not sure.

How did Roosevelt refer to political parties?

I'm not sure.

From when did Roosevelt maintain his public profile with "The Forgotten People"?

I'm not sure.


The formation of the party was formally announced at Sydney Town Hall on 31 August 1945. It took the name "Liberal" in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party. The new party was dominated by the remains of the old UAP; with few exceptions, the UAP party room became the Liberal party room. The Australian Women's National League, a powerful conservative women's organisation, also merged with the new party. A conservative youth group Menzies had set up, the Young Nationalists, was also merged into the new party. It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals. By September 1945 there were more than 90,000 members, many of whom had not previously been members of any political party.

Where was the formation of the Liberal party officially announced?

Sydney Town Hall

Where did the name "Liberal" come from?

in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party

What was the name of the Liberal Party's youth division?

Young Liberals

How many members were in the Young Liberals by Sept 1945?

more than 90,000

Where was the formation of the UAP party officially announced?

I'm not sure.

Where did the name "Young Nationalists" come from?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the Liberal Party's conservative division?

I'm not sure.

How many members were in the UAP by Sept 1945?

I'm not sure.

What was a powerful liberal women's organization?

I'm not sure.


After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others. While himself an unashamed anglophile, Menzies' government concluded a number of major defence and trade treaties that set Australia on its post-war trajectory out of Britain's orbit; opened Australia to multi-ethnic immigration; and instigated important legal reforms regarding Aboriginal Australians.

How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election?

a record 23 years

What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election?

end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children

During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth?

the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966)

How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1966 election?

I'm not sure.

What promises did Menzies make in the 1966 election?

I'm not sure.

During what period did Australia experience long-term legal reforms regarding children?

I'm not sure.

Who was an ashamed anglophile?

I'm not sure.

Who fulfilled his promised at the 1966 election?

I'm not sure.


Menzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by Communist North Korea. Anti-communism was a key political issue of the 1950s and 1960s. Menzies was firmly anti-Communist; he committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war. The Labor Party split over concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement, leading to the foundation of the breakaway Democratic Labor Party whose preferences supported the Liberal and Country parties.

What was a key political topic in the 1950s and 1960s?

Anti-communism

What actions showed Menzies' anti-Communist beliefs?

committed troops to the Korean War and attempted to ban the Communist Party of Australia in an unsuccessful referendum during the course of that war

Over what did the Labor party divide?

concerns about the influence of the Communist Party over the Trade Union movement,

What was a key political topic of the Democratic Labor Party?

I'm not sure.

What actions showed Stalin anti-Communist beliefs?

I'm not sure.

Over what did the Soviet Union divide?

I'm not sure.

Who committed troops to the Communist War?

I'm not sure.

Why did the Soviet Union lead a coal strike?

I'm not sure.


In 1951, during the early stages of the Cold War, Menzies spoke of the possibility of a looming third world war. The Menzies Government entered Australia's first formal military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San Francisco in 1951. External Affairs Minister Percy Spender had put forward the proposal to work along similar lines to the NATO Alliance. The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes. In 1954 the Menzies Government signed the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO) as a South East Asian counterpart to NATO. That same year, Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov and his wife defected from the Soviet embassy in Canberra, revealing evidence of Russian spying activities; Menzies called a Royal Commission to investigate.

Which treaty was Australia's first military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth?

ANZUS Treaty

Which areas were involved in the ANZUS Treaty?

Australia, New Zealand and the United States

Where was the signing of the ANZUS Treaty held in 1951?

San Francisco

What does the acronym SEATO stand for?

South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty

Which group is a counterpart to NATO?

the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO)

Which treaty was Austrialia's first military alliance outside of NATO?

I'm not sure.

Which areas were involved with the NATO Treaty?

I'm not sure.

Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951?

I'm not sure.

What does the acronym did Percy Spender sign?

I'm not sure.

Which group is a counterpart to External Affairs?

I'm not sure.


Menzies continued the expanded immigration program established under Chifley, and took important steps towards dismantling the White Australia Policy. In the early 1950s, external affairs minister Percy Spender helped to establish the Colombo Plan for providing economic aid to underdeveloped nations in Australia's region. Under that scheme many future Asian leaders studied in Australia. In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria. In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen). In 1949 the Liberals appointed Dame Enid Lyons as the first woman to serve in an Australian Cabinet. Menzies remained a staunch supporter of links to the monarchy and British Commonwealth but formalised an alliance with the United States and concluded the Agreement on Commerce between Australia and Japan which was signed in July 1957 and launched post-war trade with Japan, beginning a growth of Australian exports of coal, iron ore and mineral resources that would steadily climb until Japan became Australia's largest trading partner.

What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include?

economic and skills criteria

Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote?

Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act

Who was the first women to serve on the Australian Cabinet?

Dame Enid Lyons


Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Australia by an American president, his friend Lyndon B. Johnson. Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War. Holt also called the 1967 Referendum which removed the discriminatory clause in the Australian Constitution which excluded Aboriginal Australians from being counted in the census – the referendum was one of the few to be overwhelmingly endorsed by the Australian electorate (over 90% voted 'yes'). By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest.

Government under whom experienced the conversion to decimal currency?

Holt

Which of Holt's stances received some public opposition?

commitment to the growing War in Vietnam

Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census?

1967 Referendum

What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?

Government under whom experienced the conversion to the referendum?

I'm not sure.

Which of Holt's stances received popular support?

I'm not sure.

Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census?

I'm not sure.

What overwhelming percent of Aboriginal Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?

I'm not sure.

What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand?

I'm not sure.


The Gorton Government increased funding for the arts, setting up the Australian Council for the Arts, the Australian Film Development Corporation and the National Film and Television Training School. The Gorton Government passed legislation establishing equal pay for men and women and increased pensions, allowances and education scholarships, as well as providing free health care to 250,000 of the nation's poor (but not universal health care). Gorton's government kept Australia in the Vietnam War but stopped replacing troops at the end of 1970.

Which government put an emphasis in supporting the arts?

The Gorton Government

Which government established equal pay for men and women?

The Gorton Government

What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troups in Vietnam?

end of 1970

Which government put an emphasis in supporting free film?

I'm not sure.

Which government established equal school for men and women?

I'm not sure.

What year did the Gorton Government stop replacing troops in Australia?

I'm not sure.

Who increased funding for corporations?

I'm not sure.

How many of the nations poor were provided education scholarships?

I'm not sure.


Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia. The Gorton government experienced a decline in voter support at the 1969 election. State Liberal leaders saw his policies as too Centralist, while other Liberals didn't like his personal behaviour. In 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". In a vote on the leadership the Liberal Party split 50/50, and although this was insufficient to remove him as the leader, Gorton decided this was also insufficient support for him, and he resigned.

Which continent did Gorton wish to pursue closer ties with?

Asia

Who commented that Gorton was not fit to be Prime Minister?

Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser

Was Gorton impeached, voted out, or did he resign?

he resigned

Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with?

United States and Britain

Which continent did state Liberal leaders wish to pursue closer ties with?

I'm not sure.

Who commented that Gorton was not fit to have voter support?

I'm not sure.

Which countries did Fraser maintain close relationships with?

I'm not sure.

When did the Fraser government experience a decline in voter support?

I'm not sure.

Who saw Fraser's policies as too Centralist?

I'm not sure.


During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament. Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes.

Who became the first indigenous Austrailian in Parliament?

Neville Bonner

How long did Bonner serve as a Liberal Senator?

12 years

How was Bonner appointed his position?

chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971

Who became the first indigienous liberal in Parliament?

I'm not sure.

How long did Bonner serve as an independent?

I'm not sure.

How was McMahon appointed his position?

I'm not sure.

In what year did McMahon win an election?

I'm not sure.

Where did McMahon give a boomerang throwing display?

I'm not sure.


Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. The deadlock came to an end when the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr on 11 November 1975 and Fraser was installed as caretaker Prime Minister, pending an election. Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 election.

On what day did the 1975 constitutional crisis deadlock end?

11 November 1975

How did the gridlock between Whitlam and Fraser end?

the Whitlam government was dismissed by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr

Who won the 1975 election by large margin?

Fraser

After what did Kerr claim that Whitlam delayed passage of money bills?

I'm not sure.

Who won the 1974 election by large margin?

I'm not sure.

What did Kerr argue?

I'm not sure.

When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister?

I'm not sure.

When did Whitlam win the election?

I'm not sure.


Fraser maintained some of the social reforms of the Whitlam era, while seeking increased fiscal restraint. His government included the first Aboriginal federal parliamentarian, Neville Bonner, and in 1976, Parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, which, while limited to the Northern Territory, affirmed "inalienable" freehold title to some traditional lands. Fraser established the multicultural broadcaster SBS, accepted Vietnamese refugees, opposed minority white rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia and opposed Soviet expansionism. A significant program of economic reform however was not pursued. By 1983, the Australian economy was suffering with the early 1980s recession and amidst the effects of a severe drought. Fraser had promoted "states' rights" and his government refused to use Commonwealth powers to stop the construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania in 1982. Liberal minister, Don Chipp split off from the party to form a new social liberal party, the Australian Democrats in 1977. Fraser won further substantial majorities at the 1977 and 1980 elections, before losing to the Bob Hawke led Australian Labor Party in the 1983 election.

Which document allowed Indigenous peoples the right to some traditional lands?

Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976

What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1983?

a severe drought

Which party did Don Chipp seperate to form in 1977?

Australian Democrats

Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1983?

Bob Hawke

Which document allowed for Indigenous peoples the right to Tasmania?

I'm not sure.

What environmental consequence affected the Australian economy by 1976?

I'm not sure.

Which party did Neville Bonner separate to form in 1977?

I'm not sure.

Who did Frazer eventually lose to in 1976?

I'm not sure.

Who opposed Aboriginal rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia?

I'm not sure.


Howard differed from his Labor predecessor Paul Keating in that he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag, but like Keating he pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax (although Keating had dropped support for a GST by the time of his 1993 election victory). Howard's premiership coincided with Al Qaeda's 11 September attacks on the United States. The Howard Government invoked the ANZUS treaty in response to the attacks and supported America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq.

How was Howard different from Paul Keating?

he supported traditional Australian institutions like the Monarchy in Australia, the commemoration of ANZAC Day and the design of the Australian flag

In what ways was Howard similar to Paul Keating?

pursued privatisation of public utilities and the introduction of a broad based consumption tax

Which government supported the US's war Afghanistan and Iraq?

The Howard Government

Under what agreement did the Australian government support the US?

the ANZUS treaty

How was Howard different from ANZUS?

I'm not sure.

In what ways was Howard similar to ANZUS?

I'm not sure.

Which government supported the Australia's war with Afghanistan and Iraq?

I'm not sure.

Under what agreement did ANZAC support the US?

I'm not sure.

What did Keating's premiership coincide with?

I'm not sure.


Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.

Which parties merged in Queensland in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland?

the Liberal and National parties

In March 2012, which party won by an historic landslide?

the new Liberal National Party of Queensland

Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2012?

former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman

Which parties merged in Queensland in 2008 to form the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition?

I'm not sure.

In March 2011, which party won by an historic landslide?

I'm not sure.

Who led the new Liberal National Party of Queensland through the election in March 2010?

I'm not sure.

What parties merged in 2011?

I'm not sure.

Who led the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition?

I'm not sure.


Following the 2007 Federal Election, Dr Brendan Nelson was elected leader by the Parliamentary Liberal Party. On 16 September 2008, in a second contest following a spill motion, Nelson lost the leadership to Malcolm Turnbull. On 1 December 2009, a subsequent leadership election saw Turnbull lose the leadership to Tony Abbott by 42 votes to 41 on the second ballot. Abbott led the party to the 2010 federal election, which saw an increase in the Liberal Party vote and resulted in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.

How close was the race betwen Turnbull and Abbott in 2009?

42 votes to 41

Who was elected to the Parliamentary Liberal Party after the 2007 Federal Election?

Dr Brendan Nelson

To whom did Nelson lose the party to in 2008?

Malcolm Turnbull

How close was the race between Turnbull and Abbott in 2008?

I'm not sure.

Who was elected to the Parliamentary Liberal Party after the 1940 Federal Election?

I'm not sure.

To whom did Abbott lose the party to in 2008?

I'm not sure.

Which election saw an increase in Parliamentary vote?

I'm not sure.

When did Nelson lose the leadership to Tony Abbott?

I'm not sure.


The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now the Turnbull Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in three states: Colin Barnett has been Premier of Western Australia since 2008, Will Hodgman Premier of Tasmania since 2014 and Mike Baird Premier of New South Wales since 2014. Adam Giles is also the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, having led a Country Liberal minority government since 2015. The party is in opposition in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.

Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader?

Malcolm Turnbull

Who is the Australian Party's deputy leader?

Julie Bishop

Who was Turnbull elected to replace?

Tony Abbott

What was the former name of the Turnbull Government?

the Abbott Government

Who is the Abbott Party's leader?

I'm not sure.

Who is the Abbot Party's deputy leader?

I'm not sure.

Who was Giles elected to replace?

I'm not sure.

What was the former name of Western Australia?

I'm not sure.

Who is Chief Minister of the Liberal Party?

I'm not sure.


Socially, while liberty and freedom of enterprise form the basis of its beliefs, elements of the party have wavered between what is termed "small-l liberalism" and social conservatism. Historically, Liberal Governments have been responsible for the carriage of a number of notable "socially liberal" reforms, including the opening of Australia to multiethnic immigration under Menzies and Harold Holt; Holt's 1967 Referendum on Aboriginal Rights; Sir John Gorton's support for cinema and the arts; selection of the first Aboriginal Senator, Neville Bonner, in 1971; and Malcolm Fraser's Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976. A West Australian Liberal, Ken Wyatt, became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives in 2010.

Who was the first indigenous Australian elected to the House?

Ken Wyatt

In what year was the first indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives?

In what year was the first Aboriginal Senator elected?

Who was the first indigenous liberal elected to the House?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the first indigenous liberal elected to the House of Representatives?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the first liberal senator elected?

I'm not sure.

Who supported Neville Bonner and the arts?

I'm not sure.

Who was a West Australian artist?

I'm not sure.


The Liberal Party's organisation is dominated by the six state divisions, reflecting the party's original commitment to a federalised system of government (a commitment which was strongly maintained by all Liberal governments until 1983, but was to a large extent abandoned by the Howard Government, which showed strong centralising tendencies). Menzies deliberately created a weak national party machine and strong state divisions. Party policy is made almost entirely by the parliamentary parties, not by the party's rank-and-file members, although Liberal party members do have a degree of influence over party policy.

How many state divisions exist in the Liberal Party's organisation?

six

Which politician purposely created strong state divisions to a weaker national party?

Menzies

Who makes party policy?

almost entirely by the parliamentary parties, not by the party's rank-and-file members

How many state divisions exist in the Howard Governments organization?

I'm not sure.

Which politician purposely created strong state divisions and a stronger national party?

I'm not sure.

Who makes party divisions?

I'm not sure.

When was a parliamentary government maintained by all Liberal governments until?

I'm not sure.

What is dominated by party policy divisions?

I'm not sure.


Menzies ran strongly against Labor's plans to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory in the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate refused to pass his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate. The Government was returned again in the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to another victory in December 1955. John McEwen replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Country Party in March 1958 and the Menzies-McEwen Coalition was returned again at elections in November 1958 – their third victory against Labor's H. V. Evatt. The Coalition was narrowly returned against Labor's Arthur Calwell in the December 1961 election, in the midst of a credit squeeze. Menzies stood for office for the last time in the November 1963 election, again defeating Calwell, with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives. Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966.

Was Menzies for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?

strongly against

What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1955?

the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955

When did Menzies resign from Parliament?

26 January 1966

Was Evatt for or against nationalizing the banking system in Australia?

I'm not sure.

What helped the Liberals to victory in December 1958?

I'm not sure.

When did Evatt resign from Parliament?

I'm not sure.

Who replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Senate?

I'm not sure.

Who refused to pass labor legislation?

I'm not sure.