Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation?

limited land area,

What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation?

steady human emigration

Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution?

the Southern United States

Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?

seafaring the only real industry

How many Bermudians emigrated during the American Revolution?

I'm not sure.

What area of Great Britain did more than ten thousand Bermudians emigrate to?

I'm not sure.

Who did Spain displace as the dominant European imperial power?

I'm not sure.

What was the main industry in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.


In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding?

needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land

Why wasn't agriculture successful?

colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced

What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed?

turn to maritime trades

Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked?

islanders demanding

What did the Somers Isles Company press in the 17th century?

I'm not sure.

What colony did Bermuda surpass in quantity of tobacco produced?

I'm not sure.

What colony did Bermuda surpass in quality of tobacco produced?

I'm not sure.

What company was dissolved in 1648?

I'm not sure.


The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.

What event caused major changes in Bermuda?

end of the war

Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy?

buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,

How does the British crown view Bermuda?

a base more than a colony

What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?

the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished

What colony caused profound change to the end of the war?

I'm not sure.

What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century?

I'm not sure.

What did Bermuda consider London to be more than a colony?

I'm not sure.


The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?

American colonies

What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?

deforestation

Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?

it did not have raw materials

Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?

Americans developed their own sources

What was the primary market for Bermuda following the War of 1812?

I'm not sure.

Who did control of the Bahamas pass to in 1819?

I'm not sure.

What happened in 1918?

I'm not sure.

When did America's market for salt disappear?

I'm not sure.


The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?

most famous escapee

After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do?

stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland

After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do?

became a spy for Germany in both World Wars

What was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving a sentence for?

I'm not sure.

What sentence was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving?

I'm not sure.

Who escaped on 25 June 1942?

I'm not sure.

What happened in 1924?

I'm not sure.


After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair (and supply replacement) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City.

When did the first aeroplane reach Bermuda?

Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda?

once because of darkness and again to refuel

What improved thanks to the Royal Air Force in 1933?

Navigation and weather forecasting

Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?

Luft Hansa

What reached Bermuda in 1903?

I'm not sure.

What is Detroiter Stinson a type of?

I'm not sure.

What improved in 1936 because of the Royal Air Force?

I'm not sure.

Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933?

I'm not sure.


In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda).

What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937?

flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda

What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's?

regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes

What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's?

international business

Who began operating scheduled services in 1973?

I'm not sure.

What did Imperial World Airways and Pan American Airways begin doing in 1937?

I'm not sure.

What is now known as F.L. Wade International Airport?

I'm not sure.

What reached a peak in 1960?

I'm not sure.


Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. Of these, only Bermuda's and the Isle of Man's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620.

The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom?

the monarch

Who appoints the Governor of Bermuda?

the Queen on the advice of the British Government.

Who is currently the governor of Bermuda?

George Fergusson

Who is responsible for defence and foreign affairs?

United Kingdom

What is Bermuda officially classified as?

British Overseas Territory

Who exercises executive authority on behalf of the Governor?

I'm not sure.

Who is the Queen appointed by?

I'm not sure.

What title does George Arkely currently hold?

I'm not sure.

What title does David Fergusson currently hold?

I'm not sure.

What happened in 1602?

I'm not sure.


The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is the upper house, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies.

When was the Constitution of Bermuda enforced?

1 June 1967

Has Bermuda's constitution ever been amended?

it was amended in 1989 and 2003

What is the head of Bermuda's government referred to as?

the premier

What is the legislative branch of Bermuda modeled after?

Westminster system.

What does the population get to vote for?

The House of Assembly, or lower house

What came into force on 7 June 1961?

I'm not sure.

What was amended in 1983 and 2009?

I'm not sure.

What is nominated by the governor and appointed by the premier?

I'm not sure.

What is the upper house called, consisting of 36 members?

I'm not sure.

What is the lower house called, consisting of 11 members?

I'm not sure.


There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in August 2012. The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner (providing over 71% of total imports, 85% of tourist visitors, and an estimated $163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry), and an estimated 5% of Bermuda residents are US citizens, representing 14% of all foreign-born persons. The American diplomatic presence is an important element in the Bermuda political landscape.

Who has the largest accredited diplomats in Bermuda?

The United States

Who is the current US Consul General?

Robert Settje

Why is the US so important to Bermuda?

The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner

What percentage of Bermuda's residents are US citizens?

What does Bermuda maintain in the United States?

I'm not sure.

What is the Bermuda diplomatic mission comprised of?

I'm not sure.

Who is Robert Wade?

I'm not sure.

When did Robert Wade take office?

I'm not sure.

What percentage do the 14% US citizen residents of Bermuda represent as foreign born persons?

I'm not sure.


On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?

United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp

What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?

refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan

What were the Ugyhurs accused of?

training to assist the Taliban's military.

Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?

the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

What happened on 9 June 2011?

I'm not sure.

How many Uyghurs were transferred to Bermuda on 9 June 2011?

I'm not sure.

What year were the Uyghurs captured fleeing America?

I'm not sure.

Who was cleared safe for release from Guantanamo in 2005?

I'm not sure.


Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994. Legislation was introduced by Private Members Bill by PLP MP Wayne Furbert to amend the Human Rights Act of Bermuda to disallow Same Sex Marriage under the Act in February 2016. The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions. Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.

When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?

May 1994.

What occurred in February of 2016?

The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions

What did the Chief Justice decide?

same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.

What happened due to the Stubbs Bill in February 1994?

I'm not sure.

What did Wayne Kawaley wish to do in 2016?

I'm not sure.

What did the OAB government do in 2016?

I'm not sure.

What did Hon Mr. Justice Ian Furbert's earlier ruling state?

I'm not sure.


This is a socio-economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?

US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

What did the Virgin Islands announce in 2007?

they would seek ties with CARICOM

Why did Bermuda join CARICOM?

primarily to strengthen cultural links.

What other member states belong to the Caribbean?

I'm not sure.

What did Bermuda join to strengthen their economy?

I'm not sure.

What status do the United States Virgin Islands have with CARICOM?

I'm not sure.

What commonwealth announced it would seek ties with CARICOM in 2007?

I'm not sure.


Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?

an extension of Virginia

What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?

West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands

Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?

they lacked British citizenship

When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?

Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?

accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Who were the English colonised by?

I'm not sure.

What has Virginia long had close ties with?

I'm not sure.

What did Virginia have a history of?

I'm not sure.

During what century was there considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies?

I'm not sure.

During what year did Bermuda relax its immigration laws?

I'm not sure.


The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis.

What cultural group has dominated the PLP?

West Indians and their descendants.

Who are two prominent members of the PLP?

Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans

What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?

Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies

Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections?

Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies

Who had dominated CARICOM?

I'm not sure.

Who was Dame Lois Evans-Browne?

I'm not sure.

Whose husband was Evan Johns?

I'm not sure.


Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Due to the British goverment's defense forces, what are two nicknames for bermuda?

the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda"

What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?

turned to privateering

What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?

Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.

When were the militias in Bermuda disbanded?

following the War of 1812

How did the colony form a military garrison in the 19th century?

raised volunteer units to form a reserve

What was known as the Fortress of the West and Gibraltar Bermuda?

I'm not sure.

Who is the British government defended by?

I'm not sure.

What did he British government maintain?

I'm not sure.

What year were the militias disbanded?

I'm not sure.


In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

What did the US ask of Britain in May 1940?

base rights in Bermuda

What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?

granted the US base rights in Bermuda

What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?

the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?

Winston Churchill

When did the US request base rights from Bermuda?

I'm not sure.

Who was Darrell Churchill?

I'm not sure.

What happened in September 1904?

I'm not sure.

What relocated in 1934?

I'm not sure.

Where did RAF Transport Command relocate from in 1934?

I'm not sure.


Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

What did the US begin building in 1941?

two airbases

Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?

US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft

What was the navy patrolling for?

enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet

What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?

Kindley Air Force Base

What is the Naval Air Station used for?

host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

What began in 1914?

I'm not sure.

What consisted of 5.8 sq mi of land?

I'm not sure.

Where was Air Force Base Kindley located?

I'm not sure.

What was transferred to the US Navy in 1907?

I'm not sure.


The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

What was the NAS primarily a base for?

seaplane

What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?

anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels

What is located west of the NAS Annex?

additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda

What happened at the end of the Cold War?

US forces withdrew

What was built in 1960?

I'm not sure.

What became the NAS Bermuda?

I'm not sure.

What did US forces do in 1999?

I'm not sure.

What was leased for 95 years?

I'm not sure.


Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?

World War I and World War II

Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?

Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert

Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?

Brigadier Harvey

What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?

Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building

Who was Major-General Charles Glyn Gilbert Anglim?

I'm not sure.

What was Major-General Charles Glyn Gilbert Anglim instrumental in?

I'm not sure.

Who did Admiral Lord Gambier and Marines Brigadier Royal Harvey precede?

I'm not sure.

Who became the youngest-ever Marine Royal Brigadier?

I'm not sure.


In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?

Bermudian dollar

The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?

US dollar

Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?

Queen Elizabeth II.

Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?

Bermuda Monetary Authority

Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?

Royal Naval Dockyard Museum

What did the country switch in 1907?

I'm not sure.

What currency did Bermuda switch to in 1907?

I'm not sure.

Who do the US notes carry the image of?

I'm not sure.

What does the Naval Dockyard Royal Museum hold a permanent collection of?

I'm not sure.


Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?

minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income

What does it do in place of an income tax system?

taxes all imports

What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?

funds government and infrastructure expenditures

What three things does the tax system depend on?

import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes

What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?

United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal

What country uses an income tax in lieu of an import tax?

I'm not sure.

What is Bermuda's income tax used to fund?

I'm not sure.

What is derived from the English courts?

I'm not sure.

What can foreign private individuals easily do?

I'm not sure.


There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

What does the Exchange specialize in?

listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds

What is the BSX a member of?

the World Federation of Exchanges

Where is the BSX located?

an OECD member nation

Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?

Australia

Where are there 300 securities listed?

I'm not sure.

What is the BXS a full member of?

I'm not sure.

Where is the BXS located?

I'm not sure.

What does FFI stand for?

I'm not sure.


Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?

British Public schools and universities in the 19th century

Why were sports important in these schools?

sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team

Who founded organizations like the FA?

Former public schoolboys

What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?

association of football with the working classes

What does AF stand for?

I'm not sure.

What began in 1858?

I'm not sure.

What did the British Empire formalise in the 19th century?

I'm not sure.


The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians.

What happened to the Public schoolboys in these sports?

professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys

How were sports introduced in Bermuda?

Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,

Which sport did not transfer well to Bermuda?

rowing

Which sport was quickly adopted?

sail racing

What sports did schoolboys introduce to Bermuda?

I'm not sure.

Who founded the Bermuda Royal Yacht Club?

I'm not sure.

What sport adapted well from British Rivers to the Atlantic?

I'm not sure.

What sport took place at the Bermuda Royal Yacht Club?

I'm not sure.

Who did schoolboys displace?

I'm not sure.


Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?

national cricket team

Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?

Dwayne Leverock

Who defeated Bermuda?

India

What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?

annual "Cup Match"

Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?

rivalry resulted from the locations

What team participated in the 2007 World Cup Cricket?

I'm not sure.

Who is 130 lb Dwayne Leverock to the cricket team?

I'm not sure.

What job title does Dwayne Hemp hold?

I'm not sure.

Who is David Leverock?

I'm not sure.

What began in 1827?

I'm not sure.


At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?

sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events

What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do?

made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.

What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won?

bronze medal in boxing.

What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?

march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts

What events did Bermuda participate in during the 2004 winter olympics?

I'm not sure.

What did Katura Perinchief-Horton do?

I'm not sure.

What event did Bermuda participate in during the 2006 summer olympics?

I'm not sure.

Who competed at the Beijing Olympics in 213?

I'm not sure.

What games did Bermuda host in 2008?

I'm not sure.


Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7's team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas 7's, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island: (1) Police (2) Mariners (3) Teachers (4) Renegades. There is a men's and women's competition–current league champions are Police (Men) (winning the title for the first time since the 1990s) and Renegades (women's). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.

Who won the 2011 Caribbean championships?

The Bermuda Rugby Union team

How many clubs are on the island?

There are four clubs on the island

Who are the reigning league champions?

Police (Men)

Where are the Women's games played?

Warwick Academy.

What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?

2010 Caribbean Championships

What country has a proud Union Rugby community?

I'm not sure.

Who won the 2011 Guyana Championships?

I'm not sure.

Who did Bermuda 7's team defeat in 2010?

I'm not sure.

What are played at the Academy of Warwick?

I'm not sure.

Who won the 1990 Caribbean Championships?

I'm not sure.


Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.

When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?

Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?

British

When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?

When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?

When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?


Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?

Nigeria

How many people live in Nigeria?

182 million

How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?

seventh

How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?

over 500

What is Nigeria's official language?

English


As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.

What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?

$500 billion

What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?

$1 trillion

When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?

What is the largest economy in Africa?

Nigeria

What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?

11 percent


Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?

Who is the President of Nigeria?

Goodluck Jonathan

How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?

at least 12,000

How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?


The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger )  is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.

What is Nigeria named after?

the Niger River

Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?

Flora Shaw

What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?

Central Sudan

What language does the name of the Niger River come from?

Tuareg

Which river reaches Timbuktu?

Niger


The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.

Which tribe ran the city of Nri?

Igbo

When was Nri taken over by the British?

Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?

lost-wax

Who ruled Nri?

the Eze Nri

Which clan is Nri in the territory of?

Umeuri


For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.

What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?

North Africa

Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?

Spanish and Portuguese

Calabar is on which historical Bight?

Biafra

What is the current name of the Bight of Biafra?

Bight of Bonny

Who were the major slave traders through Nigeria from the southwest?

Oyo Empire


The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and private companies, as well as various African states and non-state actors. With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities, Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves. It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain. Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852. Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown Colony in August 1861 with the Lagos Treaty of Cession. British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland. In 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church.

When did Britain outlaw slave trade?

After which war did Britain establish its West Africa Squadron?

Napoleonic Wars

Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?

Freetown

Where did Britain intervene in a power struggle?

Lagos

Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?

Oba Kosoko


In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule.

Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885?

the Berlin Conference

What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie?

Royal Niger Company

When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory?

When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?

1 January 1901

Which country did Britain conquer in 1897?

Benin


Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Great Britain to pursue higher education. By independence in 1960, regional differences in modern educational access were marked. The legacy, though less pronounced, continues to the present-day. Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria's political life as well. For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.

What religion built Western schools in Nigeria?

Christian

Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria?

northern

What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?

Islamic

When did Nigeria receive independence?

When did northern Nigeria ban slavery?


Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Azikiwe became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo. The cultural and political differences between Nigeria's dominant ethnic groups – the Hausa ('Northerners'), Igbo ('Easterners') and Yoruba ('Westerners') – were sharp.

What was Nigeria's status after independence from the UK?

a Commonwealth Realm

Which Nigerian political party was mostly Islamic?

Nigerian People's Congress

Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?

National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons

Who led the NCNC party?

Nnamdi Azikiwe

Which Nigerian political party was mostly Yoruba?

Obafemi Awolowo


The disquilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in murdering Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General JTU Aguiyi-Ironsi.

In what year were there two military coups in Nigeria?

Which group led the first 1966 coup?

Igbo soldiers

Which Prime Minister was murdered in the Igbo coup?

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa

Which Northern Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?

Ahmadu Bello

Which Western Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?

Ladoke Akintola


In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem. The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970. Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war.

What did Eastern Nigeria want to call itself as an independent nation?

Republic of Biafra

When did Eastern Nigeria declare its independence?

May 1967

Who led Eastern Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War?

Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu

How many months did the Nigerian Civil War last?

How many people died during the Nigerian Civil War?

between 1 and 3 million


During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and the huge revenue generated made the economy richer. Despite huge revenues from oil production and sale, the military administration did little to improve the standard of living of the population, help small and medium businesses, or invest in infrastructure. As oil revenues fuelled the rise of federal subventions to states, the federal government became the centre of political struggle and the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns. It did not develop other sources of the economy for economic stability. That spelled doom to federalism in Nigeria.

Which oil group did Nigeria join?

OPEC

Who failed to use the oil revenues to invest in infrastructure?

the military administration

Overdependence on oil income led to the fall of what form of government in Nigeria?

federalism


Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.

Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979?

Olusegun Obasanjo

Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979?

Shehu Shagari

How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?

corrupt and incompetent

Who led a military coup against Shagari?

Muhammadu Buhari

When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?


The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country.

Which Nigerian leader decided Nigeria would return to democracy in 1990?

Ibrahim Babangida

What did Babangida set up to help pay Nigeria's national debt?

International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program

What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on?

debt

What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?

Organisation of the Islamic Conference


After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks. Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government, but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government. Babangida's regime has been considered the most corrupt, and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria.

To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy?

When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?

12 June 1993

Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?

Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola

Babangida's reaction to the election results caused violent protests for how long?

weeks

Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?

Ernest Shonekan


Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.

When did Nigeria regain democracy?

Who won the 1999 Nigerian election?

Olusegun Obasanjo

Nigeria was under military rule for how long?

almost 33 years

How was the 1999 election regarded?

unfree and unfair

How was the 2003 election regarded?

unfree and unfair


Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections.

Who won the 2011 election?

Goodluck Jonathan

How many votes did Goodluck get in 2011?

What was the main opposition political party in 2011?

Congress for Progressive Change

Who was the CPC's 2011 candidate?

Muhammadu Buhari

How many votes did Buhari get?


Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president. It is influenced by the Westminster System model[citation needed] in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms. In the March 28, 2015 presidential election, General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria, defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan.

What is Nigeria's form of government?

Federal Republic

What houses does the Nigerian legislature have?

upper and lower

How many times can a Nigerian president be elected?

two 4-year terms

Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?

General Muhammadu Buhari

Who lost the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?

Goodluck Jonathan


Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?

Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba

When did Nigeria get independence?

What major secession movement has Nigeria had?

MASSOB

What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?

Oodua Peoples Congress


Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered.

How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the House?

How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?

How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the House?

How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the Senate?

How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?

About twenty


Nigeria's foreign policy was tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war. It supported movements against white minority governments in the Southern Africa sub-region. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. Nigeria was also a founding member of the Organisation for African Unity (now the African Union), and has tremendous influence in West Africa and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and ECOMOG, economic and military organisations, respectively.

What group did Nigeria support against white governments in Southern Africa?

African National Congress

What group was Nigeria a founding member of?

Organisation for African Unity

What is the Organisation for African Unity now known as?

the African Union

Nigeria is a 'standard-bearer' in what international group?

the Economic Community of West African States


Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year. In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone's most southerly portion is defined as "salt water swamp," also known as a mangrove swamp because of the large amount of mangroves in the area. North of this is fresh water swamp, containing different vegetation from the salt water swamp, and north of that is rain forest.

How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year?

60 to 80 inches

What type of climate is southern Nigeria?

tropical rainforest

What part of Nigeria is the Obudu Plateau in?

southeast

What is Nigeria's northernmost climate?

rain forest


The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon. The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The area of southern Nigeria between the Niger and the Cross Rivers has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting by increased population, with it being replaced by grassland (see Cross-Niger transition forests).

What does the Cross River State area of Nigeria have the world's largest variety of?

butterflies

Southern Nigeria is turning from a forest to what type of environment?

grassland

What type of monkey is only found in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon?

the drill monkey

What ecoregion is in Nigeria near the Cameroon border?

Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests

Why is southern Nigeria losing its forests?

development and harvesting by increased population


Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah. Guinean forest-savanna mosaic is plains of tall grass interrupted by trees. Sudan savannah is similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees. Sahel savannah consists of patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast. In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching. In the dry north-east corner of the country lies Lake Chad, which Nigeria shares with Niger, Chad and Cameroon.

What type of vegetation is in central Nigeria?

savannah

How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?

between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in)

How many subregions are there of Nigeria's savannah zone?

three

How much rain does the Sahel savannah area get per year?

less than 500 millimetres (20 in)

Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria?

Sahara


Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria. Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic development, population growth and the inability of municipal councils to manage the resulting rise in industrial and domestic waste. This huge waste management problem is also attributable to unsustainable environmental management lifestyles of Kubwa Community in the Federal Capital Territory, where there are habits of indiscriminate disposal of waste, dumping of waste along or into the canals, sewerage systems that are channels for water flows, etc.

What is the largest Nigerian city?

Lagos

What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria?

municipal councils

What Nigerian community has the worst unsustainable waste management?

Kubwa Community

What territory is Kubwa Community in?

Federal Capital Territory


Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.

How many states does Nigeria have?

thirty-six

What non-state area does Nigeria have?

Federal Capital Territory

How many smaller areas are the Nigerian states divided into?

What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called?

Local Government Areas

How many geopolitical zones do people consider the Nigerian states to be in?

six


Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.

Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?

30th in the world

Which sub-Saharan African nation does the most trade with the US?

Nigeria

How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?

a fifth

How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?

How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?


The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.

When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?

What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?

2–4 km

What type of geology is the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?

middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap

How long have international oil companies been in Nigeria?

decades


According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.

How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004?

USD 2.3 billion

How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2007?

17.9 billion

Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home?

United States

Which country has Nigerians sending the second-most money home?

United Kingdom

Which Asian country has Nigerians sending the most money home?

China


Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses, Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.

What is Nigeria's local vehicle manufacturer?

Innoson Motors

What is Nigeria's branded electronics manufacturer?

Zinox

When did Nigeria change its import policies to encourage local manufacturers?

What city is Nigeria's main industrial area?

Ogun

What city is Nigeria's secondary industrial area?

Lagos


The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.

When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?

27 September 2003

What was Nigeria's first satellite called?

Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?

Russia

How many satellites has the Nigerian government commissioned?

four


NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in Abuja. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into orbit from a military base in China.

What was Nigeria's second satellite called?

Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?

Surrey Space Technology Limited

Where was Nigeria's second satellite manufactured?

United Kingdom

Where is Nigeria's second satellite's ground receiving station?

Abuja

Where was Nigeria's second satellite launched?

China


NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy.

What was Nigeria's third satellite called?

When was Nigeria's third satellite built?

When was Nigeria's third satellite launched?

13 May 2007

When did Nigeria's third satellite run out of power?

11 November 2008

where was Nigeria's third satellite launched?

China


On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on December 19, 2011. The satellite according to then-Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan which was paid for by the insurance policy on NigComSat-1 which de-orbited in 2009, would have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.

When was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?

December 19, 2011

Where was Nigeria's fourth satellite launched?

China

What paid for Nigeria's fourth satellite?

the insurance policy on NigComSat-1

What was Nigeria's fourth satellite called?

What satellite did Nigeria's fourth satellite replace?


The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children.

What was Nigeria's population in 2009?

How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was rural?

How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban?

What was Nigeria's population density in 2009?

167.5 people per square kilometre

When did President Goodluck Jonathan advocate limiting childbirth?

June 2012


Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country's urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rural areas. Hausa is the most widely spoken of the 3 main languages spoken in Nigeria itself (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba) but unlike the Yorubas and Igbos, the Hausas tend not to travel far outside Nigeria itself.[citation needed]

What is the official language of Nigeria?

English

How much of Nigeria uses English as a first language?

a small minority of the country's urban elite

What is the most popular language in Nigeria?

Hausa

What are the top 3 languages in Nigeria?

Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba


With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.

What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?

'Pidgin' or 'Broken'

What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?

Niger Delta Regions

What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?

rural

What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria?

indigenous


Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population.

What are the most popular religions in Nigeria?

Islam and Christianity

What religions does Nigeria have besides the top two?

a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions

How much of Nigeria's population is Muslim?

over 40%

How much of Nigeria's population is Christian?

How much of Nigeria's population is Animist and other religions?


The vast majority of Muslims in Nigeria are Sunni belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence; however, a sizeable minority also belongs to Shafi madhhab. A large number of Sunni Muslims are members of Sufi brotherhoods. Most Sufis follow the Qadiriyya, Tijaniyyah and/or the Mouride movements. A significant Shia minority exists (see Shia in Nigeria). Some northern states have incorporated Sharia law into their previously secular legal systems, which has brought about some controversy. Kano State has sought to incorporate Sharia law into its constitution. The majority of Quranists follow the Kalo Kato or Quraniyyun movement. There are also Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya minorities.

What type of Islam is most common in Nigeria?

Sunni

What school of Sunni Islam is most common in Nigeria?

Maliki school of jurisprudence

What Islamic law is being used in some Nigerian states?

Sharia

What Nigerian state is trying to make Sharia law part of its constitution?

Kano


According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?

about 50%

In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?

In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?

According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?

48.8 percent

According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?

49.3 percent


Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.

How many Nigerian Christians are Protestant?

How many Nigerian Christians are Catholic?

How many Nigerian Christians are Orthodox and other sects?

Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?

Hausa

Which Eastern Nigerian tribe is 98% Christian?

Igbos


Leading Protestant churches in the country include the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion, the Assemblies of God Church, the Nigerian Baptist Convention and The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations Since the 1990s, there has been significant growth in many other churches, particularly the evangelical Protestant ones. These include the Redeemed Christian Church of God, Winners' Chapel, Christ Apostolic Church (the first Aladura Movement in Nigeria), Deeper Christian Life Ministry, Evangelical Church of West Africa, Mountain of Fire and Miracles, Christ Embassy and The Synagogue Church Of All Nations. In addition, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Aladura Church, the Seventh-day Adventist and various indigenous churches have also experienced growth.

When did many newer churches start growing in Nigeria?

Since the 1990s

What is the largest Anglican church in Nigeria?

the Church of Nigeria of the Anglican Communion

What is the largest Baptist church in Nigeria?

the Nigerian Baptist Convention


Health care delivery in Nigeria is a concurrent responsibility of the three tiers of government in the country, and the private sector. Nigeria has been reorganising its health system since the Bamako Initiative of 1987, which formally promoted community-based methods of increasing accessibility of drugs and health care services to the population, in part by implementing user fees. The new strategy dramatically increased accessibility through community-based healthcare reform, resulting in more efficient and equitable provision of services. A comprehensive approach strategy was extended to all areas of health care, with subsequent improvement in the health care indicators and improvement in health care efficiency and cost.

When did the Bamako Initiative begin?

Nigeria is adding what kind of costs to its healthcare system?

user fees

When did Nigeria start reorganizing its healthcare system?


HIV/AIDS rate in Nigeria is much lower compared to the other African nations such as Kenya or South Africa whose prevalence (percentage) rates are in the double digits. As of 2012[update], the HIV prevalence rate among adults ages 15–49 was just 3.1 percent. As of 2014[update], Life expectancy in Nigeria is 52.62 years on average according to CIA, and just over half the population have access to potable water and appropriate sanitation; As of 2010[update], the Infant mortality is 8.4 deaths per 1000 live births.

How much of Nigeria has HIV as of 2012?

3.1 percent

What is Nigeria's life expectancy?

52.62 years

How much of the Nigerian population has access to clean water?

just over half

What was Nigeria's infant mortality rate as of 2010?

8.4 deaths per 1000 live births


Nigeria was the only country in Africa to have never eradicated polio, which it periodically exported to other African countries; Polio was cut 98% between 2009 and 2010. However, a major breakthrough came in December 2014, when it was reported that Nigeria hadn't recorded a polio case in 6 months, and on its way to be declared Polio free.  In 2012, a new bone marrow donor program was launched by the University of Nigeria to help people with leukaemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell disease to find a compatible donor for a life-saving bone marrow transplant, which cures them of their conditions. Nigeria became the second African country to have successfully carried out this surgery. In the 2014 ebola outbreak, Nigeria was the first country to effectively contain and eliminate the Ebola threat that was ravaging three other countries in the West African region, the Nigerian unique method of contact tracing employed by Nigeria became an effective method later used by countries, such as the united States, when ebola threats were discovered.

What was the last African country to still have significant Polio problems?

Nigeria

When had Nigeria not had a reported polio case in 6 months for the first time?

December 2014

When did Nigeria launch a bone marrow donation program?

Which entity runs Nigeria's bone marrow donation program?

the University of Nigeria

Nigeria was the second African country to perform which medical procedure?

bone marrow transplant


Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. Local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for state-controlled public education and state schools at a regional level. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. After the 1970s oil boom, tertiary education was improved so that it would reach every subregion of Nigeria. 68% of the Nigerian population is literate, and the rate for men (75.7%) is higher than that for women (60.6%).

What department runs Nigeria's schools?

the Ministry of Education

When did Nigeria improve its tertiary education?

After the 1970s oil boom

How much of Nigeria's population can read?

How much of Nigeria's male population can read?

How much of Nigeria's female population can read?


Nigeria is home to a substantial network of organised crime, active especially in drug trafficking. Nigerian criminal groups are heavily involved in drug trafficking, shipping heroin from Asian countries to Europe and America; and cocaine from South America to Europe and South Africa. . The various Nigerian Confraternities or "campus cults" are active in both organised crime and in political violence as well as providing a network of corruption within Nigeria. As confraternities have extensive connections with political and military figures, they offer excellent alumni networking opportunities. The Supreme Vikings Confraternity, for example, boasts that twelve members of the Rivers State House of Assembly are cult members. On lower levels of society, there are the "area boys", organised gangs mostly active in Lagos who specialise in mugging and small-scale drug dealing. According to official statistics, gang violence in Lagos resulted in 273 civilians and 84 policemen killed in the period of August 2000 to May 2001.

What is Nigeria's most popular organized-crime activity?

drug trafficking

What drug does Nigeria ship from Asia to Europe and America?

heroin

What drug does Nigeria ship from South America to Europe and South Africa?

cocaine

How many civilians were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?

How many police were killed in Lagos in Aug 2000-May 2001?


Internationally, Nigeria is infamous for a form of bank fraud dubbed 419, a type of advance fee fraud (named after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code) along with the "Nigerian scam", a form of confidence trick practised by individuals and criminal syndicates. These scams involve a complicit Nigerian bank (the laws being set up loosely to allow it) and a scammer who claims to have money he needs to obtain from that bank. The victim is talked into exchanging bank account information on the premise that the money will be transferred to him, and then he'll get to keep a cut. In reality, money is taken out instead, and/or large fees (which seem small in comparison with the imaginary wealth he awaits) are deducted. In 2003, the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (or EFCC) was created, ostensibly to combat this and other forms of organised financial crime.

What law is the Nigerian 419 scam nicknamed after?

Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code

What organization was created to combat the 419 scams?

the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission

When was the Nigerian EFCC created?

What type of scam is the 419 scam?

advance fee fraud

What type of entity is complicit in the 419 scams?

bank


Nigeria has also been pervaded by political corruption. It was ranked 143 out of 182 countries in Transparency International's 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index; however, it improved to 136th position in 2014. More than $400 billion were stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999. In late 2013, Nigeria's then central bank governor Lamido Sanusi informed President Goodluck Jonathan that the state oil company, NNPC had failed to remit US$20 billion of oil revenues, which it owed the state. Jonathan however dismissed the claim and replaced Sanusi for his mismanagement of the central bank's budget. A Senate committee also found Sanusi’s account to be lacking substance. After the conclusion of the NNPC's account Audit, it was announced in January 2015 that NNPC's non-remitted revenue is actually US$1.48billion, which it needs to refund back to the Government.

In 2011 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?

143 out of 182 countries

In 2014 rankings, how bad was Nigeria's corruption ranking?

136th position

How much was embezzled from the Nigerian government in 1960-1999?

More than $400 billion

The state oil company NNPC was initially thought to owe how much to the government?

US$20 billion

In a corrected audit, the state oil company NNPC was found to only owe how much to the government?


The Nigerian film industry is known as Nollywood (a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood) and is now the 2nd-largest producer of movies in the world. Nigerian film studios are based in Lagos, Kano and Enugu, forming a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry in terms of both value and the number of movies produced per year. Although Nigerian films have been produced since the 1960s, the country's film industry has been aided by the rise of affordable digital filming and editing technologies.

When did the Nigerian film industry begin?

the 1960s

Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?

Nigerian

Which cities are Nigeria's movie studios located in?

Lagos, Kano and Enugu

What is the nickname for Nigeria's movie industry?

Nollywood

Where does Nigeria's movie industry rank worldwide?


Football is largely considered the Nigeria's national sport and the country has its own Premier League of football. Nigeria's national football team, known as the "Super Eagles", has made the World Cup on five occasions 1994, 1998, 2002, 2010, and most recently in 2014. In April 1994, the Super Eagles ranked 5th in the FIFA World Rankings, the highest ranking achieved by an African football team. They won the African Cup of Nations in 1980, 1994, and 2013, and have also hosted the U-17 & U-20 World Cup. They won the gold medal for football in the 1996 Summer Olympics (in which they beat Argentina) becoming the first African football team to win gold in Olympic Football.

Which years did Nigeria win the African Cup of Nations?

1980, 1994, and 2013

When did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal?

What did Nigeria win a Summer Olympics gold medal for?

football

What country did Nigeria beat to win a Summer Olympics gold medal?

Argentina

What is Nigeria's national football team called?

Super Eagles


The nation's cadet team from Japan '93 produced some international players notably Nwankwo Kanu, a two-time African Footballer of the year who won the European Champions League with Ajax Amsterdam and later played with Inter Milan, Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Portsmouth. Other players that graduated from the junior teams are Nduka Ugbade, Jonathan Akpoborie, Victor Ikpeba, Celestine Babayaro, Wilson Oruma and Taye Taiwo. Some other famous Nigerian footballers include John Obi Mikel, Obafemi Martins, Vincent Enyeama, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Rashidi Yekini, Peter Odemwingie and Jay-Jay Okocha.

Nwankwo Kanu won what honor twice?

African Footballer of the year

Nwankwo Kanu won in what championship league?

European Champions League

What team did Nwankwo Kanu go on to play on?

Inter Milan, Arsenal


Nigeria's human rights record remains poor; According to the US Department of State, the most significant human rights problems are: use of excessive force by security forces; impunity for abuses by security forces; arbitrary arrests; prolonged pretrial detention; judicial corruption and executive influence on the judiciary; rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of prisoners, detainees and suspects; harsh and life‑threatening prison and detention centre conditions; human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution and forced labour; societal violence and vigilante killings; child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation; female genital mutilation (FGM); domestic violence; discrimination based on sex, ethnicity, region and religion.

How are Nigerian prisoners mistreated?

rape, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

What are the conditions like in Nigerian prisons?

harsh and life‑threatening

How are children mistreated in Nigeria?

child labour, child abuse and child sexual exploitation

What types of discrimination are common in Nigeria?

sex, ethnicity, region and religion


Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back

inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide

Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

What was built along the Rhine

To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine

How many soldiers did the fortress hold

These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

Who settled near the fort

Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children

What area area was first settled in the Stone Age?

I'm not sure.

What area was first inhabited during the Bronze age?

I'm not sure.

What was first built in 50 BCE

I'm not sure.

What was built to expand the borders durng the reign of Claudius?

I'm not sure.

Where were the soldiers and their wives housed?

I'm not sure.


From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

Who raided German territories regularly

Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

When did the Romans leave Utrecht

Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

What happens between 275 and 650

Little is known about the next period 270–650.

What was built in the 7th century

a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

How was the the church destroyed

In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

Who started invading Roman territories during the mid 300's?

I'm not sure.

Who abandoned Utrecht in the 2nd century?

I'm not sure.

Who ruled the Franks in the 700's?

I'm not sure.

Wat was built inside the Roman fortress in the 700's?

I'm not sure.


By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).

Who tried to convert Frisians

English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians

Who did the pope appoint Bishop

The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians

What did Charles Martel do

Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops

What year did Utrecht gain in power

After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands

What showed the importance of Utrecht

Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522

Who tried to convert the Frisians in the 700's?

I'm not sure.

Who gave the fortress at Utrecht to the bishops?

I'm not sure.

What city fell in the 8th century?

I'm not sure.