Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay. As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

How much money did the Football League receive in revenues from television money for a two year agreement in 1986?

the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986

In 1998, the deal was renewed for what amount over four years?

deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years.

In 1988, how many clubs threateded to leave and form another league?

ten clubs threatened to leave and form a "super league"

Why did some of the top teams consider leaving the Football league?

to capitalise on the growing influx of money being pumped into the sport.

What did the Football League's television agreement price rise to in 1988?

£44 million

When was the first year that clubs threatened to leave the Football League?

What price was set for Football League television rights in 1986?

£6.3 million

For how many years was the 1986 television rights contract?

two

For how many years was the 1988 television rights contract?

four

How much was the deal worth when it was renewed in 1986?

I'm not sure.

What did 12 clubs threaten they would leave to form?

I'm not sure.

What type of money became less important?

I'm not sure.

In 1986, how much was the four year deal worth?

I'm not sure.

In 1988, how much was the two year deal worth?

I'm not sure.


At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe.

In 1991, was a proposal for a new league postponed?

At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled

When was the Founder Members Agreement signed?

The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991

What did this agreement establish?

established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.

Would the new top division have commerical independence from the Football Association as well as the Football League?

The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League

Would the FA Premier League be able to negotiate their broadcasting and sponsorship agreements?

giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.

On which day was the Founder Members Agreement signed?

17 July 1991

What was the argument made for the splitting off of the FA Premier League which would lead to being able to compete across Europe?

extra income

In which year was the proposal for a new league tabled?

When was the FA Premier League Agreement signed?

I'm not sure.

The FA Premier League established the basic principles for which agreement?

I'm not sure.

The new division would be dependent on which association and league?

I'm not sure.

What would the extra income allow European clubs to do?

I'm not sure.

What was proposed at the beginning of the 1991 season?

I'm not sure.


The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990?

The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League.

Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television?

Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television

Did the five clubs think this was a good idea?

The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it

Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan?

David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea

Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director?

Greg Dyke

In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?

In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs?

England

Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league?

David Dein

What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league?

weaken the Football League's position

Who is the managing director of The Football League?

I'm not sure.

In what year did David Dein meet with the "big five" clubs?

I'm not sure.

In 1990, who met with representatives from the big five Football Association?

I'm not sure.

What did Dyke believe about the smaller clubs?

I'm not sure.

Which clubs decided it wasn't a good idea?

I'm not sure.


In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.

When did the First Division clubs resign from the Football League?

In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse

When was the FA Premier League formed as a limited company?

on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.

How many divisions did the Premier League start out with at this time?

the Premier League would operate with a single division

How many divisions did the Football League after the the Premier League was founded?

the Football League with three

Was there a change in the competition format after the Premier League was formed?

There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight

On which date was the FA Premier League formed legally?

27 May 1992

Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of?

Football Association

How old was the Football League when the break-up happened?

How many divisions were left in the Football League after the split?

three

How many divisions did the Premier League start with after the split?

a single division

Where were the Football Association's headquarters located in 1904?

I'm not sure.

The Football League would have a single division and the Premier league would have how many?

I'm not sure.

The Premier league would have three divisions and the Football League would have how many?

I'm not sure.

For how many years did the Football League operate with five divisions?

I'm not sure.

The Football League operated for 105 years with how many divisions?

I'm not sure.


The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

When did the Premier League hold its first season?

The league held its first season in 1992–93

Originally, how many clubs did the Premier League have?

was originally composed of 22 clubs.

Who scored the first ever goal for the Premier League

The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.

Which blubs were relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991-1992 season and didn't take part in the first Premier League season?

Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division

In which years were the first season?

How many clubs originally made up the league?

Who scored the first goal in the Premier League?

Brian Deane

For which team was the first goal scored?

Sheffield United

Against which team was the first goal scored?

Manchester United

During the leagues first season in 1991 how many clubs was it made up of?

I'm not sure.

In which year was the league made up of 21 clubs and had its first season?

I'm not sure.

In what years was the Leagues second season held?

I'm not sure.

Who is known for scoring the last ever goal int he Premier League?

I'm not sure.

What is Brian Deane of Crystal Palace known for?

I'm not sure.


One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. During this decade, and particularly from 2002 to 2009, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09 inclusive, with Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League. In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division, "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world." Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."

What was an important feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s?

the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United

Which team had no losses in 2003-2004 and ended up winning the league?

Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04

Why was Kevin Keegan concerned about the league in May of 2008?

Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division,

Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did?

Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League.

In how many season from 2003 to 2009 did the "Big Four" take all four top places in the UEFA Champions League?

Which of the "Big Four" teams did not lose a single game in the 2003-04 season?

Arsenal

Who stated that "Big Four" dominance was a threat to the division?

Kevin Keegan

Who said that all of the tussles in the Premier League made it interesting, even if only four teams dominated?

Richard Scudamore

What was Richard Scudamore's job?

Premier League chief executive

What was a significant feature of the Premier League in the May 2008?

I'm not sure.

Name the members of the "Big Five"?

I'm not sure.

Along with Arsenal, Chelsea and UEFA, who else is a member of the Big Four?

I'm not sure.

During which time frame did the Big Four dominate the top five spots?

I'm not sure.

Who is quoted as saying the dominance of the Big Five is threatening the league?

I'm not sure.


The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95.

Which team finished fourth in the 2009-10 season?

In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005

Why was there critcism of the elite clubs?

due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.

Since 1994-95, who was the first club out side of the "Big Four" to win the title

Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95.

Which two "Big Four" clubs did not finish in the top four in the 2011-12 season?

That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four

In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the "Big Four" since 2005?

Tottenham

In which position did Tottenham finish in the 2009-10 season?

fourth

In 2011-12, which club was the first non-"Big Four" team to win since 1994-95?

Manchester City

In 2011-12, how many "Big Four" clubs finished outside the top four places in the league?

two

In 2005, which was the only non-"Big Four" team to break the top four?

Everton

In which season did Tottenham finish third?

I'm not sure.

During which season did Tottenham become the second team to enter the top four since 2005?

I'm not sure.

During the 2011–12 season, which two teams finished inside the top four for the first time since 1994-95?

I'm not sure.

Why were the elite clubs praised?

I'm not sure.

In which season did Tottenham City win the title?

I'm not sure.


Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.

In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played.

Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football

What was the number of clubs reduced to in 1995.

the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995

Who insisted that the number of games played in each domestic league must be reduced?

FIFA

In 1995, what was the number of clubs in the league reduced to?

On which date did FIFA request that all European leagues reduce the number of teams within themselves to 18?

8 June 2006

In the 2007-08 season, how many teams was the Premier League left with?

How many teams were relegated from the Premier League in 1995?

four

In which year the number of games played increased to 20?

I'm not sure.

In 2007, the league reduced the number of games played to how many?

I'm not sure.

Which entity is the national governing body of football?

I'm not sure.

Since which year has FIFA been the governing body of football?

I'm not sure.

Who suggested increasing the number of games played?

I'm not sure.


The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?

Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.

Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?

The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199

Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?

John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.

Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?

has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

Who owns the Football Association Premier League?

member clubs

How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?

one

What do the people each club elect oversee?

the daily operations of the league

Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?

Sir Dave Richards

Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?

Richard Scudamore

By how many member clubs are the shareholders owned?

I'm not sure.

The FAPL is owned by how many chief executives?

I'm not sure.

Who is owned by over 20 member clubs?

I'm not sure.

Having two votes, what is each club considered?

I'm not sure.

For what reason does FAPL select a chairman, chief executive and vice president?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

Who decides on how many Premeir League representatives there are for the European Club Association?

the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients.

How many representatives does the Premier League have for the European Club Association for 2012-13?

For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association

How many members does the European Club Association elect for the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?

The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee

Which competitions does the Club Competitions Committee have a say in?

Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.

According to what are the number of and which clubs chosen to attend the European Club Association?

UEFA coefficients

How many representatives did the Premier League have in the European Club Association during the 2012-13 season?

How many members is the European Club Association responsible for electing to the UEFA Club Competitions Committee?

three

During the 2020 season how many Premier League representatives were there in the Association?

I'm not sure.

During which season were there 100 Premier League representatives in the Association?

I'm not sure.

To where does the UEFA send representatives?

I'm not sure.

Representatives are sent to the Premier League by which Association?

I'm not sure.

Which association is responsible for electing 10 members to the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?

I'm not sure.


There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.

When does the Premier League have its playing season?

During the course of a season (from August to May)

How many games does each club play each season?

each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.

How many points does each club receive for each win?

Teams receive three points for a win

Which criteria is used to rank the clubs?

Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.

How is a tie for the championship handled?

If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.

How many clubs are currently in the Premier League?

Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?

May

How many times does each club play every other club?

twice

How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season?

How many clubs are in the Premier Championship League?

I'm not sure.

A Premier League season runs from May to when?

I'm not sure.

During which months does a Premier Championship League take place?

I'm not sure.

Each team plays the others three times during the course of what?

I'm not sure.

Each season, the 38 clubs in the Premier League play a total of how many games?

I'm not sure.


The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the Capital One Cup (League Cup). Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament; if the winner of either the FA Cup or League Cup qualifies for the Champions League, then that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League. A further place in the UEFA Europa League is also available via the Fair Play initiative. If the Premier League has one of the three highest Fair Play rankings in Europe, the highest ranked team in the Premier League Fair Play standings which has not already qualified for Europe will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round.

What will a fifth place Premier League team qualify for?

The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League

What places are reserved for the FA Cup and the League Cup winners?

Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament;

Why is it important to have a high Fair Play ranking?

will automatically qualify for the UEFA Europa League first qualifying round

If a team already qualifies for the Champions League and they winner the FA Cup or the League Cup will another team get to qualify for the Champions League?

that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League.

How many Europa League places are reserved for domestic tournament winners?

Two

To which league is the fifth place Premier League team automatically qualified for?

UEFA Europa League

The team which has the highest ranking in the Fair Play standings is guaranteed qualification for which qualifying round in the Europa League?

first

What does the team who places third automatically qualify for?

I'm not sure.

Thre Europa League places are reserved for the winners of what?

I'm not sure.

What places are reserved for the winners of the Fair Play Initiative and the FA Cup?

I'm not sure.

How many places are reserved for the winners of the UEFA Europa League?

I'm not sure.


An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League. This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League the previous year, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.

Which team did not qualifty for Champions League in 2005 but was able to particpate?

UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League

Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?

in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place

How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?

UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.

Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify

UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing.

How many winning teams from an association can participate in the Champions League?

No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League

Which team received special dispensation from the UEFA in 2005 so they could enter the Champions League?

Liverpool

Who did UEFA rule should automatically qualify for the Champions League?

the defending champions

At which team's expense does the previous champion's automatic entry into the Champions League without placing in the top four come?

the fourth-placed team

In 2012, which team was automatically qualified for the champion's league even though they did not place in the top four?

Chelsea

Which team was denied entry into the Champions League in 2012 due to being bumped out of the running by the defending champion?

Tottenham Hotspur

During the 2012 season, Liverpool was given special dispensation to enter which league?

I'm not sure.

Associations can have no more than five entrants in which league?

I'm not sure.

In which year did an exception to the usual Chelsea qualifying system happen?

I'm not sure.

Who did Tottenham Hotspur qualify in place of?

I'm not sure.

In 2005, Chelsea qualified for the Champions League in place of who?

I'm not sure.


Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here).

How many times have Premier League teams have won the Champions League since 1992-2013?

Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times

How many times has the Premier League won the World Cup (FIFA Club) during that same time period?

won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008)

How many times have Premier League teams been runners up in the World Cup?

they have also been runners-up twice,

How many times did Premier League clubs win the Champions League between 1992 and 2013?

four

How many runners up in the Champions League were from the Premier League between 1992 and 2013?

five

Which league had the most Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?

La Liga

Which league had the second most Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?

Serie A

Which league had only three Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?

Bundesliga

Between 1992 and 2013, Spain's La Liga won the UEFA Champions League four times and the Premier League won how many times?

I'm not sure.

Between 1992 and 2013, Spain's La Liga won the UEFA Champions League four times and Italy's Serie A won how many times?

I'm not sure.

Between 1992 and 2013, UEFA won Spain's La Liga four times and the Premier League won how many times?

I'm not sure.

Between 1992 and 2013, the Premier League won Spain's La Liga four times and Germany's Bundesliga won how many times?

I'm not sure.

Between 1992 and 2013, the Premier League won the UEFA Champions League four times and Germany's Bundesliga won how many times?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.

What are the Premier League's revenues for 2009-10?

total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.

What were some of the reasons for the increased revenues in 2013-14?

the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues

Which award did the Premier League win in 2010?

In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category

Why did it receive this award?

for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.

What were the Premier League's net profits in 2013-14?

the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues

Which league has the highest revenue in the world?

Premier League

What were the total revenues of the Premier League in the 2009-10 season?

€2.48 billion

What were the net profits of the Premier League in 2013-14?

£78 million

In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award?

Which league has the lowest revenue of any football league in the world?

I'm not sure.

With revenues of 78 million, which football league has the highest revenue in the world?

I'm not sure.

What award was the Premier League given in 2013?

I'm not sure.

Which Award is presented for outstanding contribution to national trade?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the Premier League given the United Kingdom Award?

I'm not sure.


In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion. The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011. In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup. The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

When was Swansea City's home match played against Wigan Athletic?

Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.

Did Swansea qualify for the Europa Leaque in 2012-13?

In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League

How did Swansea qualify for the Europa League?

Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup.

In 2013-14, how much did the Premier League's Welsh clubs increase by?

The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14,

Which team gained promotion then but was relegated after its first season?

in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion, but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

In which year did a Welsh club participate in the Premier League for the first time?

Which team was promoted to the Premier League in 2011?

Swansea City

In which stadium was the first Premier League match played outside of England?

Liberty Stadium

On which date did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?

20 August 2011

Against which team did Swansea City play its first Premier League game?

Wigan Athletic

After Europa City gained promotion, which club participated in the Premier League for the first time?

I'm not sure.

In which year did a Europa city gain promotion and a Welsh club join the league?

I'm not sure.

After which city gained promotion did a Europa club join the Premier League?

I'm not sure.

Which city gained promotion in August 2011?

I'm not sure.

Who qualified for the league by being the winner of Wigan Athletic?

I'm not sure.


Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.

Are there any clubs Scotland or Ireland in the Premier League?

Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.

Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998?

in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland,

Why didn't they move to Dublin?

the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.

What are Scotland's two largest teams?

Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers,

Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin?

Wimbledon

In which year did a Premier League team consider relocating to Ireland?

Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League?

the media

Discussion about which clubs has led to them joining the Premier League?

I'm not sure.

What is the names of Scotland's two smallest teams?

I'm not sure.

The Celtic and Rangers are the two smallest teams of which country?

I'm not sure.

In which year did the Rangers get Premier League approval to relocate?

I'm not sure.

In which year did Wimbledon  get Premier League approval to relocate to Scotland?

I'm not sure.


Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

Who received broadcasting rights to the Premier League in 1992?

The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992

Why was this a unique decision?

pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market,

What happened to the Premier League's televsion rights after this decision?

the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.

What was the cause of this?

a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game

In which year did the Premier League decide to give BSkyB broadcasting rights?

What sort of television was BSkyB that made it such a radical broadcaster to choose for the Premier League?

pay television

In which league has television played a minor role?

I'm not sure.

In which year did BSkyB assign broadcasting rights to the League?

I'm not sure.

In which year did The Premier League give the UK market broadcasting rights?

I'm not sure.

What has played a minor role in the history of the Premier League?

I'm not sure.

What has played a major role in BSkyB?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs. The money is divided into three parts: half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.

Do European Leagues sell their television rights per a collective level?

other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually

What happens when European Leagues sell their televsion rights individually?

a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs

How is the teleivsion revenue distributed in the Premier League?

The money is divided into three parts:

How is half of the money distributed?

half is divided equally between the clubs

How is the final quarter of the money distributed?

the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this.

On what sort of basis does the Premier League sell its television rights?

collective basis

How does La Liga sell its broadcasting rights?

individually

Which clubs get the greatest share of broadcasting income when rights are sold individually?

the top few clubs

What percentage of broadcasting revenue is divided equally by all La Liga clubs?

half

What percentage of broadcasting revenue is awarded on a merit basis according to ranking at the end of the season?

one quarter

On what kind of basis do the twenty clubs sell their rights?

I'm not sure.

La Liga sells its rights collectively while the Premier League sells how?

I'm not sure.

How is the income from domestic rights divided between the twenty clubs?

I'm not sure.

How is the revenue from overseas rights divided between the 40 clubs?

I'm not sure.

The revenue from overseas rights is divided unequally between how many clubs?

I'm not sure.


The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001–02 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004–05 to 2006–07. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis. Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company. Sky and Setanta paid a total of £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) for £171.6 million, a 63 per cent increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period. Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 pm on matchday. Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, nearly double the previous contract. The total raised from these deals is more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.

How much was the amount of first five seasons of the Sky television rights?

The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.

How much many did the Premier League make from selling its internation rights during 2004-07?

The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004–05 to 2006–07

What happened to Sky's agreement in 2006.

Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available.

Why did this happen?

This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company.

What was the average income from media from 2007-2010 for the Premier League?

giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.

How many seasons did the first television rights contract award to Sky?

five

How much was the first television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?

£304 million

How much was the second television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?

£670 million

How much was the third television rights contract awarded to Sky worth?

£1.024 billion

By being awarded television rights, which other network broke Sky's monopoly on Premier League coverage?

Setanta Sports

The first Sky television rights agreement was worth how much money over a six year period?

I'm not sure.

The first Sky television rights agreement was worth 105 million over what time period?

I'm not sure.

The second contract began in the 1996 season and was worth how much?

I'm not sure.

How much was the second contract worth over a three season period?

I'm not sure.

How much was the third contract worth over a four season period?

I'm not sure.


The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result. An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position. In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

Why has there been a several court cases against Sky and Premier League?

The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel

What did the Office of Fair Trading decide regarding the claim that Sky abuses their position in 2002.

Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim

Who investigated the Premier League's collective selling rights in 1999?

In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court,

What did they decide about the collective selling issue?

the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.

What has the agreement between the Premier League and Sky been accused of being?

a cartel

Who investigated the agreement between the Premier League and Sky in 2002?

the Office of Fair Trading

Who investigated how the Premier League sold television rights in 1999?

the UK Restrictive Practices Court

Agreements between UK Restrictive Practices Court and the Premier League have been accused of being what?

I'm not sure.

What has arisen as a result of TV rights agreements between the Premier League and the Office of Fair Trading?

I'm not sure.

In which year did the UK Restrictive Practices Court find BSkyB to be dominant in the pay TV sports market?

I'm not sure.

In which year did the Office of Fair Trading find sufficient grounds to claim BSkyB abused its dominant position within the pay TV sports market?

I'm not sure.


The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016. Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion. On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13. On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights. The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

How much money did Premier League earn regarding television rights in 2010-13?

Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.

How many games did BT show in 2013-16?

BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year.

Who will show 116 games for that same time period?

The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year.

How much have the domestic televsion rights increased from 2010-12 to 2012-13?

The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.

How much did BT and Sky pay for their rights up to the 2018-19 season?

Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.

When will the BBC's weekend highlights package run out?

How much were Premier League television rights from 2010 to 2013 purchased for?

£1.782 billion

When did Setanta Sports fail to meet their payments deadline?

22 June 2009

When Setanta Sports could not pay their bill to the league, which network took over broadcast rights from them?

ESPN

On which date was it announced that BT was awarded a broadcasting contract?

13 June 2012

For how much did Sky retain the remaining 23 matches?

I'm not sure.

Which channel's package on Monday nights  will run until 2016?

I'm not sure.

Which package on Saturday and Sunday nights will run through 2009?

I'm not sure.

For how long will the Premier League highlights package run?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme. In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch. In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season. As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.

What country is the Premier League the most distributed televised sports broadcast?

The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme

Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in India?

In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China

Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in China?

In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season.

Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in Canada?

As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN

How many games does each of them broadcast?

both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.

On which continent other than Europe is the Premier League especially popular?

Asia

Which network is the main live broadcaster of Premier League in Australia?

Fox Sports

Which network in Australia offers viewers the choice of which Saturday afternoon match they watch?

Foxtel

Which network broadcasts Premier League live in India?

STAR Sports

Which Chinese broadcaster has Premier League rights?

Super Sports

Where is the Premier League particularly unpopular?

I'm not sure.

Where is the Premier League the least widely distributed sports program?

I'm not sure.

What does Fox Sports broadcast in Asia?

I'm not sure.

In what year where the broadcast rights in China given to Sportsnet?

I'm not sure.

Who jointly owns Sportsnet and TSN?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports. Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers), and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage. NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).

Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in the United States?

The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports.

What was the average viewership in the United States during the 2014-15 season?

with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season

How many years did NBC Sports receive an extension for with the Premier League in 2015?

NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015

What was the value of this extension?

in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).

When will this extension end?

through the 2021–22 season

Which American broadcaster shows the Premier League currently?

NBC Sports

By what percentage has viewership in the US risen from 2012 to 2015?

How many viewers on average watched the Premier League 2014-15 season in the US?

In which year did NBC Sports secure an extension of six years with the Premier League?

How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015?

$1 billion

Through which channel is the Fox Sports league broadcast in the US?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Fox Sports and the Premier League come to a six year extension?

I'm not sure.

How much was the seven year deal between NBC Sports and the Premier League valued at?

I'm not sure.

In which country is the Premier League broadcast through ESPN Sports?

I'm not sure.

For how many years was the extension between ESPN and Fox Soccer?

I'm not sure.


There has been an increasing gulf between the Premier League and the Football League. Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues. Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues, many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League. In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.

Why has their been distance between the Premier League and the Football League?

in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues,

Did many new teams in the Premier League have any difficulties in their initial season?

many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League.

Was it unusual for a new team to go back to the Football League after their first season in the Premier League?

In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League.

In the 1997-98 season how many new teams had to go back to the Football League?

In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.

Due to the disparity in television rights revenue between leagues, who struggles to avoid relegation in their Premier League first season?

newly promoted teams

In every season but 2001-02 and 2011-12, at least how many Premier League teams have been relegated?

one

How many newly promoted clubs were relegated from the Premier League in 1997-98?

three

Between which leagues has there been a decreasing gulf?

I'm not sure.

The Premier League and which other league have been noticing a decreasing gulf?

I'm not sure.

From which league did the television split from?

I'm not sure.

When in 1997-98 were the four promoted clubs relegated?

I'm not sure.

In which season has there been at least one Football League newcomer relegated back to the Premier League?

I'm not sure.


The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap.

If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive?

The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".

What do critics have to say about this payment?

critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,

What has happened to some of the clubs who weren't able to get back into the Premier League right away?

financial problems

How much does a Football League club receive on average for their television revenues?

the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million

How does this compare an average Premier League team?

the average Premier League team receives £55 million

To which type of team are parachute payments distributed to in the Premier League?

relegated

Starting in the 2013-14 season, parachute payments are in excess of what amount of revenue?

£60 million

What is said to widen between clubs who reach the Premier League and those who do not thanks to parachute payments?

the gap

What does the Football League Championship club do with a portion of TV revenue?

I'm not sure.

What do supporters say about the parachute payments?

I'm not sure.

To what type of team does the Football League Championship club distribute parachute payments?

I'm not sure.

How much to the "bouncing back" payments exceed?

I'm not sure.


As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater. Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums. Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2010–11 season show a large disparity in capacity: Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United has a capacity of 75,957 with Bloomfield Road, the home of Blackpool, having a capacity of 16,220. The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

What did the Taylor Report recommend at the the Hillsborough disaster in 1989?

a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished

What was the result of their recommendation?

as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater

How many stadiums have been closed down since Premier League started?

Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished.

What was the total seating capacity of stadiums in the Premier League in the 2010-11 season.

The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

In how many stadiums had Premier League been played as of the 2015-16 season?

What did the Taylor Report recommend to abolish from all stadiums?

standing terraces

How many stadiums in which the Premier League has been played have been demolished as of 2016?

Nine

What is the capacity of Bloomfield Road stadium?

What is the combined total capacity of all stadiums in the Premier League as of 2011?

Since the leagues beginnings in 2015, how many stadiums have there been games in?

I'm not sure.

The Premier league has played in 75,957 stadiums since which year?

I'm not sure.

In which year was the Taylor Report disaster?

I'm not sure.

Since which leagues creation have football grounds in Old Trafford seen steady improvements?

I'm not sure.

What has happened to ten stadiums that have hosted Premier League football?

I'm not sure.


Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.

Are attendance remittances that important to the Premier League?

Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.

What was the Premier Leagues standard attendance in the 2007-08 season?

The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.

What was the league's first year attendance average?

the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).

Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much?

in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million,

What was the average attendance for all Premier League clubs during the 2009-10 season?

What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?

By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?

For when did the Taylor Report set the deadline for replacing terraces with seats in stadiums?

During which season did the Premier League set a record average attendance of over 36,000 people?

What is a significant source of revenue for the Taylor Report?

I'm not sure.

Stadium attendances provide what for the Taylor Report clubs?

I'm not sure.

With a total aggregate attendance of 34,215, how much was the average attendance across clubs for the 2009-10 season?

I'm not sure.

In which year was the record beaten when average attendance was recorded at just under 14 million?

I'm not sure.

What is the highest total in England's top flight since 1992?

I'm not sure.


Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control). Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

What are some of the every day tasks that a manager of a team has to deal with?

Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition.

What type of licence does a manager need?

Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence

Is this licence required on a permanent basis?

The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis

What is a caretaker manager?

Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment.

Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?

examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

What license are managers in the Premier League required to hold?

UEFA Pro Licence

Which licence follows completion of both the UEFA B and A licences?

UEFA Pro Licence

For how long at most is an unlicenced caretaker manager allowed to control a Premier League team for?

12 weeks

Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth?

Paul Hart

Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Tottenham Hotspur?

David Pleat

What is a manager appointment?

I'm not sure.

What have numerous fans gone on to secure after doing well as a caretaker?

I'm not sure.

Who is an example of a fan who went on to secure a permanent managerial post after doing well as a caretaker?

I'm not sure.


At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

At the beginning of the Premier League how many foreign players were there for the first  round of games?

At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches

By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players?

By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.

Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players?

On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,

Which team in 2005 had all-foreign team players?

on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match

In 2009, what percent of the players were English in the Premier League?

By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?

eleven

By 2000-01, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?

By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?

On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?

26 December 1999

On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match?

14 February 2005

How many players were from the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created?

I'm not sure.

How many players were from outside the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created in 2004?

I'm not sure.

By what year was the number of domestic players in the league equal to 36 percent?

I'm not sure.

Who became the first team to field an all domestic starting line up?

I'm not sure.

By what year were over 40% of players in the league English?

I'm not sure.


In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

Why did the Home Office change it rules regardin work permits in 1999?

In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players

What was one of their changes?

A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches

What was another requirement of foreign players?

his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.

Could a club appeal a requirement?

If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players?

For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice?

Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office?

70th place

What can a club do if a player they wish to sign does not meet the Home Office's work permit requirements?

appeal

Which entity loosened its rules in response to concerns about the clubs passing over English players?

I'm not sure.

Which entity tightened its rules in response to concerns about the clubs passing over British players?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Home Office loosen rules for granting work permits?

I'm not sure.

What did the Home Office loosen its rules for in 1999?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Home Office tighten its rules for clubs wishing to sign players?

I'm not sure.


Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

When can a player be transferred?

Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.

When are the transfer windows?

The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.

Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?

Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.

What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?

As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,

Why was this new rule put into effect?

This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,

During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?

transfer windows

How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?

two

On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?

emergency

What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?

How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?

Who sets the transfer windows in which fans are transferred?

I'm not sure.

How many transfer windows does the Premier League run?

I'm not sure.

From when do t he transfer players run?

I'm not sure.

In which season was it mandated that each club must have a maximum 21-man squad of players over 25?

I'm not sure.

Which rule stated that at least 21 of the 25 men must be "home grown players"?

I'm not sure.


The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Have transfer fees been increasing over the past years?

The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition.

What was the record breaking transfer fee in 1996?

Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.

What was the transfer fee for Gareth Bale in 2013.

Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,

In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo?

Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,

What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014?

Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million?

Alan Shearer

Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £15 million?

Alan Shearer

Who paid £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?

Newcastle United

In which year did Newcastle United pay £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?

For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013?

£85 million

For how long has the record transfer fee steadily declined?

I'm not sure.

Who was the first Manchester player to command a transfer fee greater than 3 million?

I'm not sure.

Who made a record breaking move to Tottenham Hotspur in 1996?

I'm not sure.

For how much was the move between Alan Shearer and Manchester United worth in 1996?

I'm not sure.

Alan Shearer became the fifth British player to do what?

I'm not sure.


The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.

Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?

The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.

Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?

Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260

How many players have achieved 100 goals?

Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark

How many different players have won the top scorer title?

14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.

Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?

Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.

To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?

the top Premier League scorer

Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?

How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?

Twenty-four

How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?

Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?

Thierry Henry

Which award is given to the lowest Premier League scorer each year?

I'm not sure.

Who holds the record for least Premier League goals with 260?

I'm not sure.

Who holds the record for most Premier League goals with 27?

I'm not sure.

How many goals did Thierry Henry score when he won his fifth scoring title?

I'm not sure.

Along with Theirry Henry, who else holds the record for most goals in a season?

I'm not sure.


Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?

The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.

Where on the trophy can two of the lions be seen?

Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy

Where can the third lion be seen?

the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season

What do the ribbons on the trophy mean?

The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone?

malachite

On what type of metal band are the title-winning clubs listed on the Golden Boot?

silver

What does the green colour of Malachite on the Golden Boot represent?

the green field of play

How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?

Two

Who symbolizes the third lion not found on the Golden Boot trophy?

the captain of the title winning team

The trophy is based on Four Lions associated with what?

I'm not sure.

The ribbons draped upon the gold crown are presented how?

I'm not sure.

How is the second ribbon symbolised?

I'm not sure.

What has a golden band around its circumference?

I'm not sure.

What is made of solid gold and silver gilt?

I'm not sure.


The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

When did the Roman Republic begin?

509 BC

When did the Roman Republic end?

27 BC

What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?

the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom

When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium?

31 BC

What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic?

Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian


Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.

Who elected consuls in the Roman government?

citizens

Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy?

leading plebeian families

What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into?

the Justinian Code

What was the senate that advised consuls in the Roman government comprised of?

appointed magistrates

What went hand and hand with military success?

political success


The exact causes and motivations for Rome's military conflicts and expansions during the republic are subject to wide debate. While they can be seen as motivated by outright aggression and imperialism, historians typically take a much more nuanced view. They argue that Rome's expansion was driven by short-term defensive and inter-state factors (that is, relations with city-states and kingdoms outside Rome's hegemony), and the new contingencies that these decisions created. In its early history, as Rome successfully defended itself against foreign threats in central and then northern Italy, neighboring city-states sought the protection a Roman alliance would bring. As such, early republican Rome was not an "empire" or "state" in the modern sense, but an alliance of independent city-states (similar to the Greek hegemonies of the same period) with varying degrees of genuine independence (which itself changed over time) engaged in an alliance of mutual self-protection, but led by Rome. With some important exceptions, successful wars in early republican Rome generally led not to annexation or military occupation, but to the restoration of the way things were. But the defeated city would be weakened (sometimes with outright land concessions) and thus less able to resist Romanizing influences, such as Roman settlers seeking land or trade with the growing Roman confederacy. It was also less able to defend itself against its non-Roman enemies, which made attack by these enemies more likely. It was, therefore, more likely to seek an alliance of protection with Rome.

What factor is considered by some to be the main driving force behind the expansion of Rome?

inter-state factors

What type of policy is considered by some to be responsible for Rome's many military conflicts?

imperialism

What was a common conclusion to wars in the early days of republican Rome?

restoration of the way things were

What type of alliance was created between the various Roman city-states?

mutual self-protection

What did Roman settlers commonly seek out?

land


This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

After what war did the alliances start to solidify?

Second Punic War

What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area?

This growing coalition

What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?

southern Italian

What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy?

membership (and protection)


In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century, this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt. In contrast to the west, the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries, and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill. This had some important similarities to (and important differences from) the events in Italy centuries earlier, but this time on a global scale.

What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas?

destabilisation

Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?

Polybius

Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east?

alliance-seeking

Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome?

Greek


Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.

What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east?

crisis management

At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control?

the time of the Roman Empire

What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west?

intentional empire-building

What type of city-states were involved with the Roman Republic?

independent


The first Roman republican wars were wars of both expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations and establishing its territory in the region. Initially, Rome's immediate neighbours were either Latin towns and villages, or else tribal Sabines from the Apennine hills beyond. One by one Rome defeated both the persistent Sabines and the local cities, both those under Etruscan control and those that had cast off their Etruscan rulers. Rome defeated Latin cities in the Battle of Lake Regillus in 496 BC, the Battle of Mons Algidus in 458 BC, the Battle of Corbione in 446 BC, the Battle of Aricia, and especially the Battle of the Cremera in 477 BC wherein it fought against the most important Etruscan city of Veii.

In what battle did Rome claim victory over several Latin cities in?

the Battle of Lake Regillus

What year did the Battle of Lake Regillus take place?

496 BC

In what year did Rome claim victory against the city of Veii?

477 BC

What Roman battle took place in the year 446 BC?

the Battle of Corbione

Who initially had control over the Sabines?

Etruscan control


By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]

When did the Battle of Allia River approximately end?

387 BC

How many of the Roman military were involved in the Battle of Allia River?

15,000 troops

Where did the Romans attempt to escape to after their loss against the Gauls?

Rome

What is the name of the chieftan who led his army to victory in the Battle of Allia River?

Brennus

Who asked Rome for assistance after being overburdened by their enemies?

two Etruscan towns


After recovering surprisingly fast from the sack of Rome, the Romans immediately resumed their expansion within Italy. The First Samnite War from 343 BC to 341 BC was relatively short: the Romans beat the Samnites in two battles, but were forced to withdraw before they could pursue the conflict further due to the revolt of several of their Latin allies in the Latin War. Rome beat the Latins in the Battle of Vesuvius and again in the Battle of Trifanum, after which the Latin cities were obliged to submit to Roman rule.

What country did the Romans continue to expand to after Rome was sacked?

Italy

How many battles were conducted by Rome before they were forced to flee in The First Samnite War?

two battles

What caused the Romans early withdrawl in The First Samnite War?

revolt of several of their Latin allies

When did The First Samnite War end?

341 BC

Who did Rome claim victory against in The Battle of Vesuvius?

Latins


Despite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term "Pyrrhic victory"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy.

Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army?

Pyrrhus

What did Rome refuse to do in their relations with Pyrrhus?

negotiate

What military leader does the term Pyrrhic victory come from?

Pyrrhus

What ultimately caused Pyrrhus to vacate completely from the country of Italy?

Seeing little hope for further gains

In what year did the Battle of Beneventum take place?

275 BC


The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise and lead their army. He cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthaginian naval supremacy. The Romans then again defeated the Carthaginians in naval battle at the Battle of the Aegates Islands and left Carthage with neither a fleet nor sufficient coin to raise one. For a maritime power the loss of their access to the Mediterranean stung financially and psychologically, and the Carthaginians sued for peace.

What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?

naval battles

What type of engine was invented by the Romans?

grappling engine

Who did the Carthaginians hire to lead their army after several losses against the Romans?

Xanthippus

Who claimed victory at the Battle of Aegates Islands?

The Romans

Who lost access to the Mediterranean after numerous naval losses?

the Carthaginians


The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.

What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle?

Hasdrubal Barca

At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?

Metaurus River

In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?

the Battle of Zama

Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa?

Scipio Africanus

Why did the Romans send an army to Africa?

to threaten the Carthaginian capital


Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense against robbing/pirates was considered as "war action": Rome decided to annihilate the city of Carthage. Carthage was almost defenceless, and submitted when besieged. However, the Romans demanded complete surrender and moval of the city into the (desert) inland far off any coastal or harbour region, and the Carthaginians refused. The city was besieged, stormed, and completely destroyed. Ultimately, all of Carthage's North African and Iberian territories were acquired by Rome. Note that "Carthage" was not an 'empire', but a league of punic colonies (port cities in the western mediterranean) like the 1st and 2nd Athenian ("attic") leagues, under leadership of Carthage. Punic Carthago was gone, but the other punic cities in the western mediterranean flourished under Roman rule.

What had prevented Carthage from defending their territory from pirates?

Treaties

What type of colony was Carthage primarily comprised of?

punic colonies

What cities flourished after they were conquered by the Romans?

punic cities

What was the main request of the Romans that Carthage turned down?

complete surrender

Who did the Numidians form an alliance with?

Rome


Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome discovered the agreement when Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet. The First Macedonian War saw the Romans involved directly in only limited land operations, but they ultimately achieved their objective of pre-occupying Philip and preventing him from aiding Hannibal.

What kingdom sent an ambassador to Italy in an attempt to form an alliance against Rome?

Macedonia

Where did Philip V want to extend his control to?

westward

What peninsula was the kingdom of Macedonia able to be found in?

Greek peninsula

Who did Philip V seek an alliance with?

Hannibal

At what point did Rome discover that an alliance between Philip V and Hannibal had been achieved?

Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet