As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.9/km²). There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km²).

How many people were counted in the 2010 census?

How many households were recorded in the 2010 census

230,233 households

How many families were recorded in the 2010 census?

144,120 families

What was the density of the population per square mile?

How many housing units were there for the 2010 census?


There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.11.

How many households were in Oklahoma city?

What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?

married couples

What is the average size for households?

What is the average size for families?

What is the second highest demographic for households?

non-families


In the 2000 Census Oklahoma City's age composition was 25.5% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.

What was Oklahoma cities median age in 2000?

Which gender was prominent in that time?

females


Oklahoma City has experienced significant population increases since the late 1990s. In May 2014, the U.S. Census announced Oklahoma City had an estimated population of 620,602 in 2014 and that it had grown 5.3 percent between April 2010 and June 2013. Since the official Census in 2000, Oklahoma City had grown 21 percent (a 114,470 raw increase) according to the Bureau estimates. The 2014 estimate of 620,602 is the largest population Oklahoma City has ever recorded. It is the first city in the state to record a population greater than 600,000 residents and the largest municipal population of the Great Plains region (OK, KS, NE, SD, ND).

When did the population increases begin in Oklahoma city?

late 1990s

What was the estimated population of Oklahoma city in 2014


Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012.

What is Oklahoma's largest urbanized area?

Oklahoma City

What place was Oklahoma cities population ranked in the nation in 2012?


With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.

What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?

Juárez Cartel


Oklahoma City also has its share of very brutal crimes, particularly in the 1970s. The worst of which occurred in 1978, when six employees of a Sirloin Stockade restaurant on the city's south side were murdered execution-style in the restaurant's freezer. An intensive investigation followed, and the three individuals involved, who also killed three others in Purcell, Oklahoma, were identified. One, Harold Stafford, died in a motorcycle accident in Tulsa not long after the restaurant murders. Another, Verna Stafford, was sentenced to life without parole after being granted a new trial after she had previously been sentenced to death. Roger Dale Stafford, considered the mastermind of the murder spree, was executed by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in 1995.

When were six employees found dead in a restaurants freezer?

When was Roger Dale Stafford executed?


The Oklahoma City Police Department, has a uniformed force of 1,169 officers and 300+ civilian employees. The Department has a central police station and five substations covering 2,500 police reporting districts that average 1/4 square mile in size.

How many substations does Oklahoma city have?


On April 19, 1995, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was destroyed by a fertilizer bomb manufactured and detonated by Timothy McVeigh. The blast and catastrophic collapse killed 168 people and injured over 680. The blast shockwave destroyed or damaged 324 buildings within a 340-meter radius, destroyed or burned 86 cars, and shattered glass in 258 nearby buildings, causing at least an estimated $652 million worth of damage. The main suspect- Timothy McVeigh, was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001. It was the deadliest single domestic terrorist attack in US history, prior to 9/11.

Who detonated the bomb in 1995?

Timothy McVeigh

How many people were killed in the bombing?

How many people were injured in the bombing?

How much money was the damage worth?

$652 million

When was Timothy McVeigh Executed?

June 11, 2001


While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

How many universities are within the MSA region?

What hospital is in the MSA region

Norman Regional Hospital

How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?

How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?

How many people work in University of Oklahoma?


According to the Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce, the metropolitan area's economic output grew by 33 percent between 2001 and 2005 due chiefly to economic diversification. Its gross metropolitan product was $43.1 billion in 2005 and grew to $61.1 billion in 2009.

What was Oklahoma cities gross metropolitan product in 2009?

$61.1 billion


In 2008, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most "recession proof city in America". The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment, one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy, agriculture and manufacturing. However, during the early 1980s, Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices.[citation needed]

What year did forbes list Oklahoma city as "recession proof".

When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt?

What year did the oil crash?


Other theaters include Lyric Theatre, Jewel Box Theatre, Kirkpatrick Auditorium, the Poteet Theatre, the Oklahoma City Community College Bruce Owen Theater and the 488-seat Petree Recital Hall, at the Oklahoma City University campus. The university also opened the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium in April 2006.

When was the Wanda L Bass School of Music and auditorium opened?

April 2006


The Science Museum Oklahoma (formerly Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex) houses exhibits on science, aviation, and an IMAX theater. The museum formerly housed the International Photography Hall of Fame (IPHF) that exhibits photographs and artifacts from a large collection of cameras and other artifacts preserving the history of photography. IPHF honors those who have made significant contributions to the art and/or science of photography and relocated to St. Louis, Missouri in 2013.

What was the original name of the Science Museum of Oklahoma?

Kirkpatrick Science and Air Space Museum at Omniplex

When was the International Photography Hall of Fame relocated?


The Museum of Osteology houses more than 300 real animal skeletons. Focusing on the form and function of the skeletal system, this 7,000 sq ft (650 m2) museum displays hundreds of skulls and skeletons from all corners of the world. Exhibits include adaptation, locomotion, classification and diversity of the vertebrate kingdom. The Museum of Osteology is the only one of its kind in America.

How many animal skeletons are in the museum of Osteology?


The National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum has galleries of western art and is home to the Hall of Great Western Performers. In contrast, the city will also be home to The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum that began construction in 2009 (although completion of the facility has been held up due to insufficient funding), on the south side of Interstate 40, southeast from Bricktown.

When did The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum begin construction?


The Oklahoma City National Memorial in the northern part of Oklahoma City's downtown was created as the inscription on its eastern gate of the Memorial reads, "to honor the victims, survivors, rescuers, and all who were changed forever on April 19, 1995"; the memorial was built on the land formerly occupied by the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building complex prior to its 1995 bombing. The outdoor Symbolic Memorial can be visited 24 hours a day for free, and the adjacent Memorial Museum, located in the former Journal Record building damaged by the bombing, can be entered for a small fee. The site is also home to the National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, a non-partisan, nonprofit think tank devoted to the prevention of terrorism.

What is the name of Oklahoma Cities memorial?

The Oklahoma City National Memorial

What institute is located near the Oklahoma City National Memorial?

Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism


The American Banjo Museum located in the Bricktown Entertainment district is dedicated to preserving and promoting the music and heritage of America's native musical instrument – the banjo. With a collection valued at $3.5 million it is truly a national treasure. An interpretive exhibits tells the evolution of the banjo from its humble roots in American slavery, to bluegrass, to folk and world music.

What musical instrument has it's own museum in Oklahoma City?

the banjo

How much is the collection worth in the museum?

$3.5 million


The Oklahoma History Center is the history museum of the state of Oklahoma. Located across the street from the governor's mansion at 800 Nazih Zuhdi Drive in northeast Oklahoma City, the museum opened in 2005 and is operated by the Oklahoma Historical Society. It preserves the history of Oklahoma from the prehistoric to the present day.

When was the Oklahoma History Center created?

Who operates the Oklahoma History Center?

Oklahoma Historical Society

Where is the Oklahoma History Center located?

northeast Oklahoma City


Oklahoma City is home to several professional sports teams, including the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association. The Thunder is the city's second "permanent" major professional sports franchise after the now-defunct AFL Oklahoma Wranglers and is the third major-league team to call the city home when considering the temporary hosting of the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets for the 2005–06 and 2006–07 NBA seasons.

What NBA team hails from Oklahoma City?

Thunder


Other professional sports clubs in Oklahoma City include the Oklahoma City Dodgers, the Triple-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Oklahoma City Energy FC of the United Soccer League, and the Crusaders of Oklahoma Rugby Football Club USA Rugby.

What team is the affiliate to the Los Angeles Dodgers?

Oklahoma City Dodgers


Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown is the principal multipurpose arena in the city which hosts concerts, NHL exhibition games, and many of the city's pro sports teams. In 2008, the Oklahoma City Thunder became the major tenant. Located nearby in Bricktown, the Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark is the home to the city's baseball team, the Dodgers. "The Brick", as it is locally known, is considered one of the finest minor league parks in the nation.[citation needed]

What is the name of the downtown arena?

Chesapeake Energy Arena

Which team became the main tenant of the arena in 2008?

Oklahoma City Thunder

What is the name of the nearby minor league park?

Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark


Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area – University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University – often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums.

What is one annual event Oklahoma City hosts?

Big 12 Baseball Tournament


Other major sporting events include Thoroughbred and Quarter horse racing circuits at Remington Park and numerous horse shows and equine events that take place at the state fairgrounds each year. There are numerous golf courses and country clubs spread around the city.

What park hosts Quarter horse racing?

Remington Park

Where are equine events hosted?

state fairgrounds


The state of Oklahoma hosts a highly competitive high school football culture, with many teams in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association (OSSAA) organizes high school football into eight distinct classes based on the size of school enrollment. Beginning with the largest, the classes are: 6A, 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, A, B, and C. Class 6A is broken into two divisions. Oklahoma City area schools in this division include: Edmond North, Mustang, Moore, Yukon, Edmond Memorial, Edmond Santa Fe, Norman North, Westmoore, Southmoore, Putnam City North, Norman, Putnam City, Putnam City West, U.S. Grant, Midwest City.

What organization organizes High School football?

Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association


The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) has called Oklahoma City home since the 2008–09 season, when owner Clayton Bennett relocated the franchise from Seattle, Washington. The Thunder plays home games at the Chesapeake Energy Arena in downtown Oklahoma City, known affectionately in the national media as 'the Peake' and 'Loud City'. The Thunder is known by several nicknames, including "OKC Thunder" and simply "OKC", and its mascot is Rumble the Bison.

Who moved the Oklahoma City Thunder to Oklahoma City?

Clayton Bennett

What is one of the Thunders nicknames?

OKC

What is the Thunders mascot?

Bison


After a lackluster arrival to Oklahoma City for the 2008–09 season, the Oklahoma City Thunder secured a berth (8th) in the 2010 NBA Playoffs the next year after boasting its first 50-win season, winning two games in the first round against the Los Angeles Lakers. In 2012, Oklahoma City made it to the NBA Finals, but lost to the Miami Heat in five games. In 2013 the Thunder reached the Western Conference semifinals without All-Star guard Russell Westbrook, who was injured in their first round series against the Houston Rockets, only to lose to the Memphis Grizzlies. In 2014 Oklahoma City again reached the NBA's Western Conference Finals but eventually lost to the San Antonio Spurs in six games.

What place were the Thunder in 2010 NBA playoffs?

Who did the Thunder play in the finals of 2012?

Miami Heat

Who did the Thunder lose to in the Western Conference finals?

San Antonio Spurs


The Oklahoma City Thunder has been regarded by sports analysts as one of the elite franchises of the NBA's Western Conference and that of a media darling as the future of the league. Oklahoma City has earned Northwest Division titles every year since 2009 and has consistently improved its win record to 59-wins in 2014. The Thunder is led by first year head coach Billy Donovan and is anchored by several NBA superstars, including perennial All-Star point guard Russell Westbrook, 2014 MVP and four-time NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, and Defensive Player of the Year nominee and shot-blocker Serge Ibaka.

When did the Thunder start winning Northwest Division Titles?

Who is the Thunders head coach?

Billy Donovan

Who is the Thunders point guard?

Russell Westbrook


In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the NBA's New Orleans Hornets (now the New Orleans Pelicans) temporarily relocated to the Ford Center, playing the majority of its home games there during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons. The team became the first NBA franchise to play regular-season games in the state of Oklahoma.[citation needed] The team was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets while playing in Oklahoma City. The team ultimately returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season. The Hornets played their final home game in Oklahoma City during the exhibition season on October 9, 2007 against the Houston Rockets.

Where did the Hornets play after Hurricane Katrina?

Ford Center

What team played against the Hornets in their final home game before leave Oklahoma City?

Houston Rockets


One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it.

Who designed the bridge?

I. M. Pei

What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens?

Water Stage


The Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden is home to numerous natural habitats, WPA era architecture and landscaping, and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater. Oklahoma City also has two amusement parks, Frontier City theme park and White Water Bay water park. Frontier City is an 'Old West'-themed amusement park. The park also features a recreation of a western gunfight at the 'OK Corral' and many shops that line the "Western" town's main street. Frontier City also hosts a national concert circuit at its amphitheater during the summer. Oklahoma City also has a combination racetrack and casino open year-round, Remington Park, which hosts both Quarter horse (March – June) and Thoroughbred (August – December) seasons.

Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?

Remington Park

Which amusement park is western themed?

Frontier City


Walking trails line Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser in the northwest part of the city and downtown at the canal and the Oklahoma River. The majority of the east shore area is taken up by parks and trails, including a new leashless dog park and the postwar-era Stars and Stripes Park. Lake Stanley Draper is the city's largest and most remote lake.

Which lake is the cities largest lake?

Lake Stanley Draper


Oklahoma City has a major park in each quadrant of the city, going back to the first parks masterplan. Will Rogers Park, Lincoln Park, Trosper Park, and Woodson Park were once connected by the Grand Boulevard loop, some sections of which no longer exist. Martin Park Nature Center is a natural habitat in far northwest Oklahoma City. Will Rogers Park is home to the Lycan Conservatory, the Rose Garden, and Butterfly Garden, all built in the WPA era. Oklahoma City is home to the American Banjo Museum, which houses a large collection of highly decorated banjos from the early 20th century and exhibits on the history of the banjo and its place in American history. Concerts and lectures are also held there.

What place hosts concerts and lectures?

American Banjo Museum

Where is the Lycan Conservatory located?

Will Rogers Park


In April 2005, the Oklahoma City Skate Park at Wiley Post Park was renamed the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park to recognize Mat Hoffman, an Oklahoma City area resident and businessman that was instrumental in the design of the skate park and is a 10-time BMX World Vert champion. In March 2009, the Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park was named by the National Geographic Society Travel Guide as one of the "Ten Best."

Which BMX Champion had a park named after them in Oklahoma City?

Mat Hoffman

When was Mat Hoffman Action Sports Park considered one of the best by National Geographic Society?

March 2009


The City of Oklahoma City has operated under a council-manager form of city government since 1927. Mick Cornett serves as Mayor, having first been elected in 2004, and re-elected in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Eight councilpersons represent each of the eight wards of Oklahoma City. City Manager Jim Couch was appointed in late 2000. Couch previously served as assistant city manager, Metropolitan Area Projects Plan (MAPS) director and utilities director prior to his service as city manager.

Who is the mayor of Oklahoma City?

Mick Cornett

When was Mick Cornett first elected?

Who is the city Manager?

Jim Couch


The city is home to several colleges and universities. Oklahoma City University, formerly known as Epworth University, was founded by the United Methodist Church on September 1, 1904 and is renowned for its performing arts, science, mass communications, business, law, and athletic programs. OCU has its main campus in the north-central section of the city, near the city's chinatown area. OCU Law is located in the Midtown district near downtown, in the old Central High School building.

What was the original name of Oklahoma City University?

Epworth University

When was the university founded?

September 1, 1904


The University of Oklahoma has several institutions of higher learning in the city and metropolitan area, with OU Medicine and the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campuses located east of downtown in the Oklahoma Health Center district, and the main campus located to the south in the suburb of Norman. The OU Medicine hosting the state's only Level-One trauma center. OU Health Sciences Center is one of the nation's largest independent medical centers, employing more than 12,000 people. OU is one of only four major universities in the nation to operate six medical schools.[clarification needed]

Which district is OU Medicine campus located in?

Oklahoma Health Center district

Which institution houses the Level-One trauma center?

OU Medicine

Approximately how many people work in OU Health Sciences Center?


The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.

Which university is the third-largest in the state?

University of Central Oklahoma

Which private university is located near the Edmond border?

Oklahoma Christian University


Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the "Furniture District" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits.

Which community college is the second largest in the state?

Oklahoma City Community College

Which university is located in the Furniture district?

Oklahoma State University

Where is Southern Nazarene University located?

Bethany

Who founded the Southern Nazarene University

Church of the Nazarene


Although technically not a university, the FAA's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center has many aspects of an institution of higher learning. Its FAA Academy is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Its Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) has a medical education division responsible for aeromedical education in general as well as the education of aviation medical examiners in the U.S. and 93 other countries. In addition, The National Academy of Science offers Research Associateship Programs for fellowship and other grants for CAMI research.

What institution is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools?

Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center


Oklahoma City is home to the state's largest school district, Oklahoma City Public Schools. The district's Classen School of Advanced Studies and Harding Charter Preparatory High School rank high among public schools nationally according to a formula that looks at the number of Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and/or Cambridge tests taken by the school's students divided by the number of graduating seniors. In addition, OKCPS's Belle Isle Enterprise Middle School was named the top middle school in the state according to the Academic Performance Index, and recently received the Blue Ribbon School Award, in 2004 and again in 2011. KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership.

What is Oklahoma's largest school district?

Oklahoma City Public Schools

What year did KIPP Reach College Preparatory School win the National Blue Ribbon Award?


The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, a school for some of the state's most gifted math and science pupils, is also located in Oklahoma City.

Where is The Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics located?

Oklahoma City


Oklahoma City has several public career and technology education schools associated with the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, the largest of which are Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center.

What are the two largest technology education schools in Oklahoma City?

Metro Technology Center and Francis Tuttle Technology Center


Private career and technology education schools in Oklahoma City include Oklahoma Technology Institute, Platt College, Vatterott College, and Heritage College. The Dale Rogers Training Center in Oklahoma City is a nonprofit vocational training center for individuals with disabilities.

What center is a nonprofit training center for disabled people?

The Dale Rogers Training Center


The Oklahoman is Oklahoma City's major daily newspaper and is the most widely circulated in the state. NewsOK.com is the Oklahoman's online presence. Oklahoma Gazette is Oklahoma City's independent newsweekly, featuring such staples as local commentary, feature stories, restaurant reviews and movie listings and music and entertainment. The Journal Record is the city's daily business newspaper and okcBIZ is a monthly publication that covers business news affecting those who live and work in Central Oklahoma.

Which newspaper is the most produced through the state of Oklahoma?

The Oklahoman

What is the name of The Oklahoman's website?

NewsOK.com

What is Oklahoma Cities newsweekly?

Oklahoma Gazette

What is Oklahoma Cities daily business newspaper?

The Journal Record


There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman.

Which side is the Black Chronicles Headquarters?

Eastside

What international newspapers is in the Asia District?

OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times

What is the name of the student newspaper?

The Campus


An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area. In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook. It contains local commentary and human interest pieces direct-mailed to over 50,000 Edmond residents.

What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?

Slice Magazine

What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?


Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).

What was the third Radio Station in the US?

WKY Radio

When was WKY granted a federal license?

When did E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Compan buy WKY Radio?

What is the current station called?

KFOR-TV


The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).

What rank is Oklahoma Cities television networks for Nielsen?

How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover?


Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who – along with the department chief – oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually.

How many  people are paid to be employed by the Oklahoma City Fire department?

Who is currently the Chief of the department?

G. Keith Bryant

How many firestations are there?

How many emergency calls are made yearly?


Oklahoma City is an integral point on the United States Interstate Network, with three major interstate highways – Interstate 35, Interstate 40, and Interstate 44 – bisecting the city. Interstate 240 connects Interstate 40 and Interstate 44 in south Oklahoma City, while Interstate 235 spurs from Interstate 44 in north-central Oklahoma City into downtown.

How many major highways cross through Oklahoma City?


Major state expressways through the city include Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Airport Road (SH-152), and Broadway Extension (US-77) which continues from I-235 connecting Central Oklahoma City to Edmond. Lake Hefner Parkway runs through northwest Oklahoma City, while Airport Road runs through southwest Oklahoma City and leads to Will Rogers World Airport. The Kilpatrick Turnpike loops around north and west Oklahoma City.

What is one Major expressway that travels through Oklahoma City?

Lake Hefner Parkway


Oklahoma City also has several major national and state highways within its city limits. Shields Boulevard (US-77) continues from E.K. Gaylord Boulevard in downtown Oklahoma City and runs south eventually connecting to I-35 near the suburb of Moore. Northwest Expressway (Oklahoma State Highway 3) runs from North Classen Boulevard in north-central Oklahoma City to the northwestern suburbs.

What boulevard turns into E.K Gaylord Boulevard?

Shields Boulevard


Oklahoma City is served by two primary airports, Will Rogers World Airport and the much smaller Wiley Post Airport (incidentally, the two honorees died in the same plane crash in Alaska) Will Rogers World Airport is the state's busiest commercial airport, with over 3.6 million passengers annually. Tinker Air Force Base, in southeast Oklahoma City, is the largest military air depot in the nation; a major maintenance and deployment facility for the Navy and the Air Force, and the second largest military institution in the state (after Fort Sill in Lawton).

Which airport is the busiest?

Will Rogers World Airport

How many people travel through Will Rogers World Airport each year?

3.6 million

What is the name of the largest military base in the nation?

Tinker Air Force Base


METRO Transit is the city's public transit company. The main transfer terminal is located downtown at NW 5th Street and Hudson Avenue. METRO Transit maintains limited coverage of the city's main street grid using a hub-and-spoke system from the main terminal, making many journeys impractical due to the rather small number of bus routes offered and that most trips require a transfer downtown. The city has recognized that transit as a major issue for the rapidly growing and urbanizing city and has initiated several studies in recent times to improve upon the existing bus system starting with a plan known as the Fixed Guideway Study. This study identified several potential commuter transit routes from the suburbs into downtown OKC as well as feeder-line bus and/or rail routes throughout the city.

What is Oklahoma Cities transit company?

METRO Transit

What is the name of the plan that is being made to enhance the bus system?

Fixed Guideway Study


On December 2009, Oklahoma City voters passed MAPS 3, the $777 million (7-year 1-cent tax) initiative, which will include funding (appx $130M) for an estimated 5-to-6-mile (8.0 to 9.7 km) modern streetcar in downtown Oklahoma City and the establishment of a transit hub. It is believed the streetcar would begin construction in 2014 and be in operation around 2017.

When was MAPS 3 passed?

December 2009

How much will MAPS 3 cost?

$777 million

What year should the streetcar become operable?


Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center.

What is the states oldest and largest Hospital?

St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center


OU Medicine, an academic medical institution located on the campus of The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, is home to OU Medical Center. OU Medicine operates Oklahoma's only level-one trauma center at the OU Medical Center and the state's only level-one trauma center for children at Children's Hospital at OU Medicine, both of which are located in the Oklahoma Health Center district. Other medical facilities operated by OU Medicine include OU Physicians and OU Children's Physicians, the OU College of Medicine, the Oklahoma Cancer Center and OU Medical Center Edmond, the latter being located in the northern suburb of Edmond.

Where is the Children's hospital located?

Oklahoma Health Center district


INTEGRIS Health owns several hospitals, including INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, the INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, and the INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center. INTEGRIS Health operates hospitals, rehabilitation centers, physician clinics, mental health facilities, independent living centers and home health agencies located throughout much of Oklahoma. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center was named in U.S. News & World Report's 2012 list of Best Hospitals. INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center ranks high-performing in the following categories: Cardiology and Heart Surgery; Diabetes and Endocrinology; Ear, Nose and Throat; Gastroenterology; Geriatrics; Nephrology; Orthopedics; Pulmonology and Urology.

Name a hospital owned by INTEGRIS Health?

INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center

When was INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center part of U.S News and World Reports best Hospitals list?


The Midwest Regional Medical Center located in the suburb of Midwest City; other major hospitals in the city include the Oklahoma Heart Hospital and the Mercy Health Center. There are 347 physicians for every 100,000 people in the city.

Where is the Midwest Regional Medical Center?

Midwest City

How many doctors are there per 100,000 people?


In the American College of Sports Medicine's annual ranking of the United States' 50 most populous metropolitan areas on the basis of community health, Oklahoma City took last place in 2010, falling five places from its 2009 rank of 45. The ACSM's report, published as part of its American Fitness Index program, cited, among other things, the poor diet of residents, low levels of physical fitness, higher incidences of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than the national average, low access to recreational facilities like swimming pools and baseball diamonds, the paucity of parks and low investment by the city in their development, the high percentage of households below the poverty level, and the lack of state-mandated physical education curriculum as contributing factors.

What ranking was Oklahoma City in for the American College of Sports Medicine in 2010?

last place


A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?

hunter-gatherer

What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?

agricultural

What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?

domesticated species

A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what?

I'm not sure.

Collecting wild plants and pursuing wild flowers defines what?

I'm not sure.

Which societies rely mainly on undomesticated species?

I'm not sure.

A human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by bargaining is known as what?

I'm not sure.

Foraging is a technique used by humans living in which society?

I'm not sure.


Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

What has been humans' best adaptation in food production?

Hunting and gathering

What was the first way humans used to find food?

Hunting and gathering

What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering?

invention of agriculture

What are the basic types of agricultural groups?

farming or pastoralist groups

What was humanity's second most successful adaptation?

I'm not sure.

Following the invention of gathering, hunter-gatherers have been what?

I'm not sure.

Hunting and gathering were represented by which groups?

I'm not sure.

Which group has been displaced or conquered by farming?

I'm not sure.

Which adaptation occupied at least 95 percent of human history?

I'm not sure.


Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?

Only a few

What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?

horticulture and/or keeping animals

Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?

hunter-gatherers

Besides  agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?

keeping animals

In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?

horticulture

All of contemporary societies are classified as what?

I'm not sure.

Which societies replace foraging with horticulture and/or keeping animals?

I'm not sure.

Only a few ancient societies are classified as what?

I'm not sure.

All societies supplement their foraging activity with what?

I'm not sure.

How many ancient societies kept animals?

I'm not sure.


In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.

How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?

scavenging

In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?

natural causes

Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?

sparsely wooded areas

What type of area did early humans avoid?

dense forest

Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?

I'm not sure.

Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic lived where?

I'm not sure.

Which population survived in densely wooded areas?

I'm not sure.

Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?

I'm not sure.

Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic collected what?

I'm not sure.


According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict the scavenging hypothesis: both subsistence strategies could have been in use – sequentially, alternating or even simultaneously.

What is long-distance running as a food hunting-gathering technique?

persistence hunting

What theory says that long-distance running drove the evolution of some human traits?

endurance running hypothesis

Who still practices persistence hunting?

some hunter-gatherer groups

Besides the endurance running hypothesis, what other theory of food collection is there?

scavenging hypothesis

What food gathering techniques could have been used by early man at the same time?

both subsistence strategies

Short-distance running was the driving evolutionary force for what?

I'm not sure.

What is a method practiced by all hunter-gatherer groups in modern times?

I'm not sure.

The scavenging hypothesis is still practiced by which groups?

I'm not sure.

What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?

I'm not sure.


Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution.

When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering?

1.8 million years ago

What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food?

Homo erectus

When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering?

0.2 million years ago

When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use?

10,000 years ago

What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period?

Neolithic Revolution

What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period?

I'm not sure.

What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution?

I'm not sure.

The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago?

I'm not sure.

Which revolution spread rapidly?

I'm not sure.

Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution?

I'm not sure.


Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.

During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?

Middle to Upper Paleolithic

How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?

80,000 to 70,000 years ago

What was the change in gathering?

a smaller selection

When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?

12,000 years ago

The transition between the Lower and Middle Paleolithic period started when?

I'm not sure.

In what period did all hunter-gatherers begin to specialize?

I'm not sure.

The transition into the Paleolithic period is chiefly defined by what?

I'm not sure.

Agriculture ended how many years ago?

I'm not sure.

When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?

I'm not sure.


Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

In what kind of area did forest gardening start?

jungle-clad river banks

In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?

foothills of monsoon regions

What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?

tree and vine species

What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?

identified, protected and improved

What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?

eliminated

What type of gardens originated in modern times?

I'm not sure.

What type of gardens were located in the dry foothills of monsoon regions?

I'm not sure.

Inferior foreign species were selected and incorporated where?

I'm not sure.

What was being used as a food production system in all parts of the world?

I'm not sure.

When families were trying to ruin their immediate environment, undesirable species were what?

I'm not sure.


Many groups continued their hunter-gatherer ways of life, although their numbers have continually declined, partly as a result of pressure from growing agricultural and pastoral communities. Many of them reside in the developing world, either in arid regions or tropical forests. Areas that were formerly available to hunter-gatherers were—and continue to be—encroached upon by the settlements of agriculturalists. In the resulting competition for land use, hunter-gatherer societies either adopted these practices or moved to other areas. In addition, Jared Diamond has blamed a decline in the availability of wild foods, particularly animal resources. In North and South America, for example, most large mammal species had gone extinct by the end of the Pleistocene—according to Diamond, because of overexploitation by humans, although the overkill hypothesis he advocates is strongly contested.[by whom?]

Where do many modern day hunter-gatherers live?

in the developing world

In what type of climate do hunter-gatherers live?

arid regions or tropical forests

What kind of human life-style is pushing hunter-gatherers out of their environment?

settlements of agriculturalists

What has Jared Diamond blamed the decline of gatherers on?

availability of wild foods

What type of food animal went extict by the end of the Pleistocene era?

large mammal species

What groups have continually increased in numbers?

I'm not sure.

All large mammal species have gone extinct in what countries?

I'm not sure.

Because of overpopulation, most large mammal species have what?

I'm not sure.

All hunter-gatherer groups reside where?

I'm not sure.

Competition for land use results in which societies remaining where they are?

I'm not sure.


As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.

Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?

agricultural societies

What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?

first forms of government

What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?

agricultural centers

What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?

agriculture-driven

Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?

agricultural societies increased

What were some of the second forms of government in agricultural centers?

I'm not sure.

As the number and size of agricultural societies decreased, what happened?

I'm not sure.

The process of fores-driven expansion led to what?

I'm not sure.

The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?

I'm not sure.

What type of development led to agricultural expansion?

I'm not sure.


As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use.

What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?

unsuitable for agricultural use

How many modern hunter-gatherer cultures are there?

few

What do people basically rely on now?

agriculture

Who lives in areas not usable for agriculture?

hunter-gatherer cultures

What kind of food production is worldwide now?

reliance upon agriculture

The many contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live where?

I'm not sure.

Humans almost never rely on what?

I'm not sure.

What cultures live in areas suitable for agricultural use?

I'm not sure.

Ancient hunter-gatherer cultures lived where?

I'm not sure.

How many cultures rely on agriculture?

I'm not sure.


Most hunter-gatherers are nomadic or semi-nomadic and live in temporary settlements. Mobile communities typically construct shelters using impermanent building materials, or they may use natural rock shelters, where they are available.

What is the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers?

nomadic or semi-nomadic

What is the permanence of hunter-gatherer settlements?

temporary

What kind of building materials do they use?

impermanent

What kind of natural structure do hunter-gatherers use?

rock shelters

What is the movement ability of hunter-gathers?

Mobile communities

Few hunter-gatherers live in what kind of settlements?

I'm not sure.

Permanent communities typically construct what?

I'm not sure.

What communities use natural wood shelters?

I'm not sure.

Which communities construct shelters using permanent building materials?

I'm not sure.

Which communities do not live a nomadic or semi-nomadic life?

I'm not sure.


Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary.

What kind of area allowed a more permanent settlement?

rich environments

What is the life style of the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest?

hunter-gatherer

What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?

sedentary or semi-sedentary

What kind of environment is the Pacific Northwest?

rich environments

What are the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest?

hunter-gatherer cultures

What cultures live in barren environments?

I'm not sure.

Which people lived in environments that allowed them to be nomadic?

I'm not sure.

What kind of environment allowed for a nomadic existence?

I'm not sure.

The peoples of the Pacific West Coast lived in what kind of environment?

I'm not sure.

The peoples of the Pacific East Coast lived what kind of lifestyle?

I'm not sure.


Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.

What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?

egalitarian

Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?

Northwest Coast of North America

what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?

African

Nomadic hunter-gatherers are an exception to what rule?

I'm not sure.

Those inhabiting the Northeast Coast of North America are what kind of of hunter-gatherers?

I'm not sure.

Very few African hunter-gatherers are what?

I'm not sure.

In American culture, women are roughly what?

I'm not sure.

Women are not at all influential and powerful in what culture?

I'm not sure.


The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.

How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?

in an evolutionary context

What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?

anything but egalitarian

How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?

into hierarchies

What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?

alpha male

Humanity's closest primate relatives are the what?

I'm not sure.

Chimpanzees are similar to humans because they are what?

I'm not sure.

The formation of what was a key factor in the emergence of human consciousness?

I'm not sure.

The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is always what?

I'm not sure.

What species is often dominated by an alpha female?

I'm not sure.


Anthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity as well. Hunter-gatherers are often grouped together based on kinship and band (or tribe) membership. Postmarital residence among hunter-gatherers tends to be matrilocal, at least initially. Young mothers can enjoy childcare support from their own mothers, who continue living nearby in the same camp. The systems of kinship and descent among human hunter-gatherers were relatively flexible, although there is evidence that early human kinship in general tended to be matrilineal.

What permanent group representative do hunter-gatherers not have?

permanent leaders

Initiative within the group depends upon what factor?

task being performed

What group arrangement is usual in family authority?

matrilocal

What is the kinship and decent system among hunter-gatherers?

matrilineal

Which group has permanent leaders?

I'm not sure.

Who maintains that hunter/gatherers have permanent leaders?

I'm not sure.

Where is there often sexual disparity?

I'm not sure.

Young mothers get no child support from whom?

I'm not sure.

Which systems were relatively inflexible?

I'm not sure.


It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.

What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?

Western values

Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?

women

What group members are the big game hunters?

men

What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?

arrangement oppresses women

How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?

childcare is collective

What gave the Neanderthals the edge over Homo sapiens?

I'm not sure.

It is easy to view what arrangements in the light of Eastern values?

I'm not sure.

One rare arrangement is the sexual division of what?

I'm not sure.

Every baby had one mother and one male carer in what society?

I'm not sure.

Ancient archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was what?

I'm not sure.


To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta." Among the Ju'/hoansi people of Namibia, women help men track down quarry. Women in the Australian Martu also primarily hunt small animals like lizards to feed their children and maintain relations with other women.

How is labor often divided in these groups?

sexual division

What percentage of Aeta women hunt?

What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?

What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?

In a majority of cases, women hunt what?

I'm not sure.

Among the Aeta people of Japan, how many women hunt?

I'm not sure.

The Ju'/hoansi women typically hunt in groups and with what?

I'm not sure.

Among the Ju'/hoansi women of China, women help men track down what?

I'm not sure.

Men in the Austrailian Martu primarily hunt small animals like what?

I'm not sure.


At the 1966 "Man the Hunter" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a population. Therefore, no surplus of resources can be accumulated by any single member. Other characteristics Lee and DeVore proposed were flux in territorial boundaries as well as in demographic composition.

At what conference did Richard Borshay speak?

Man the Hunter

When was the Man the Hunter conference?

Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering groups?

mobility

What can decreased material possessions produce in a hunter-gatherer society?

egalitarianism

What other characteristic is variable for these groups?

territorial boundaries

A surplus of resources can be accumulated by any member in which societies?

I'm not sure.

Which 1966 conference did geologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore attend?

I'm not sure.

The sedentary life of nomadic hunting and gathering societies required what?

I'm not sure.

At the 1973 "Man the Hunter" conference egalitarianism was suggested as what?

I'm not sure.

Other characteristics proposed by Lee and DeVore were stability in territorial boundaries and what?

I'm not sure.


At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.

Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?

Marshall Sahlins

When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?

How long a day do people in other societies work?

8.8 hours a day

What was the title of Ross Sackett's paper in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherer lives?

I'm not sure.

In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what?

I'm not sure.

Data showed that hunter-gatherers enjoyed less leisure time than whom?

I'm not sure.

Which group did not typically eat well?

I'm not sure.

Marshall Sahlins performed analysis testing Sackett's view in what year?

I'm not sure.


Mutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a "gift economy."

What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society?

sharing

What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy?

gift economy

Hoarding of resources are important in what societies?

I'm not sure.

What societies can be described as a "hoarding economy"?

I'm not sure.

What is important in the numerical systems of hunter-gatherer societies?

I'm not sure.

Not exchanging resources is important in which societies?

I'm not sure.

Which societies can be described as a "mutual economy"?

I'm not sure.


Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits.

What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices?

temperature

What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies?

variability

What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment?

significant

What does temperature impact on tool kits?

increased variability of tools

What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ?

risk of failure

What was found to be one of the many significant factors affecting hunter-gatherer tool kits?

I'm not sure.

Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems?

I'm not sure.

Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits?

I'm not sure.

Payment structure affected the variability of which societies?

I'm not sure.

Torrence found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what year?

I'm not sure.


One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

What  does the immediate return system mean?

egalitarian

To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?

nonegalitarian

Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?

immediate return

What is the only way to divide hunter-gatherer groups?

I'm not sure.

Temporary return foragers consume their food when?

I'm not sure.

Kelly uses the the category "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for what?

I'm not sure.

Kelly uses the the category "delayed return" hunter-gatherers for what?

I'm not sure.

What type of forager stores their food within a day or two after they procure it?

I'm not sure.


Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples.

How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones?

contact with modern civilization

What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?

pristine

Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions?

in uncontacted peoples

What do modern hunter-gatherers not reflect?

Paleolithic societies

Hunting-gathering was the uncommon human mode of subsistence throughout what?

I'm not sure.

Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?

I'm not sure.

Observation of ancient hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect what?

I'm not sure.

Hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have almost no contact with who?

I'm not sure.

What cultures represent "pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples?

I'm not sure.


The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]

What is hunting and gathering argued to be?

adaptive strategy

What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?

environmental change

What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?

transition

Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?

cultural diffusion

How long has this cultural diffusion been happening?

last 10,000 years

The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is always a what process?

I'm not sure.

It is easy to draw a clear line between what?

I'm not sure.

The adaptive strategy has remained unchanged since what decade?

I'm not sure.

When will hunting and gathering never be exploited?

I'm not sure.

The resulting cultural infusion has occurred in the last how many years?

I'm not sure.


In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]

If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being?

agriculturalists

What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers??

pushed into marginal areas

What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers?

migrations

Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?

violent conflict

In the early 1980s, a large group of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted what?

I'm not sure.

In very few cases, the ancestors of hunter-gatherers were what?

I'm not sure.

There has been simple interaction between hunter-gatherers and whom?

I'm not sure.

Ho wlong has there been simple interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers?

I'm not sure.

A small but vocal segment of architects attempted to demonstrate their knowledge of hunter-gatherers in what decade?

I'm not sure.


Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen)

What can be learned from the study of modern hunter-gatherers?

nothing meaningful

Who thinks that it is useless to study modern foragers since the real ones are gone?

theorists

What type of hunter-gatherer has disappeared ?

pure hunter-gatherer

The "pure hunter-gatherer" appeared not long after what?

I'm not sure.

Many meaningful things can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from what?

I'm not sure.

Nothing meaningful can be learned about modern hunter gatherers from the studies of what?

I'm not sure.

Who advocates this "reviled" critique?

I'm not sure.

What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers?

I'm not sure.


Lee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism.

Who has rejected Wilmsen's arguments?

Lee and Guenther

Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about?

prehistoric hunter-gatherers

What is it about prehistoric hunter-gatherers that impresses Shultziner?

egalitarianism

Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked?

Wilmsen

Wilmsen has rejected most of the arguments put forth by whom?

I'm not sure.

Who has argued that we can learn a lot about the lifestyles of modern hunter-gatherers?

I'm not sure.

Who does not have impressive levels of egalitarianism?

I'm not sure.

Studies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers can shed light on which group?

I'm not sure.

Which group does Shultziner believe we can't learn anything from?

I'm not sure.


Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.

What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?

the landscape

How do they manage the landscape?

cutting or burning undesirable plants

What technique do they use to make animal habitats?

slash-and-burn

What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?

agriculture

What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat?

domesticated food

Many hunter-gatherers unconsciously manipulate what?

I'm not sure.

None of the modern hunter-gatherers depend of which kind of food sources?

I'm not sure.

Which group uses a slash-and-burn technique to create habitats for humans?

I'm not sure.

Which group burns desirable plants while encouraging undesirable ones?

I'm not sure.

Very few hunter-gatherers encourage domestication on what level?

I'm not sure.


Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]

What do some agriculturalists often do?

hunt and gather

What do they sometimes do for entertainment?

go hunting

Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?

to escape colonial control

Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?

agriculture became difficult

All agriculturalists also what?

I'm not sure.

Others in undeveloped countries go hunting, primarily for what?

I'm not sure.

In the African rainforest, groups continue to rely on what?

I'm not sure.

Groups in what area have accepted colonial control?

I'm not sure.

Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what?

I'm not sure.


There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed]

What is the name of the Spinifex people?

Pila Nguru

Where do the Pila Nguru people live?

Western Australia

Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?

Sentinelese

Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?

Indian Ocean

Which group is located in Western Austria?

I'm not sure.

Which group is located in the Gobi Desert?

I'm not sure.

Which group lives on the North Sands Island?

I'm not sure.

Which group has not maintained their independent existence?

I'm not sure.

The habitat located where has proved suitable for European agriculture?

I'm not sure.


Evidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific coast to South America.

These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game?

ice-free corridors

Between what ice sheets were the corridors located?

Laurentide and Cordilleran

What other way could they have crossed on to this continent?

primitive boats

Small-game hunters crossed which Strait?

I'm not sure.

Hunter-gatherers traveled along iced corridors how many years ago?

I'm not sure.

Big-game hunters cam from Asia into South America over what bridge?

I'm not sure.

Using advanced boats, they also could have migrated down the Pacific to where?

I'm not sure.

A land bridge from Asia into South America existed how many years ago?

I'm not sure.


Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.

Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?

Great Plains

What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?

stone tool production

What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?

common style

Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?

across the Americas

How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?

25 to 50 members

Which group was spread over small geographical area?

I'm not sure.

All individual groups shared a uncommon style of what?

I'm not sure.

These tool adaptations have been utilized by highly sedentary what?

I'm not sure.

Hunter-gatherers would never flourish over the what?

I'm not sure.

There were very few regional variations in lifestyles among which group?

I'm not sure.


The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.

What kind of climate occurred in the Americas?

warmer more arid

What disappeared during the Archaic period?

megafauna

What became the norm for the mobile bands?

regional adaptations

What did they rely less and less on?

hunting and gathering

What was there a pattern of in this period?

increasing regional generalization

Which period in the Americas saw an unchanging environment?

I'm not sure.

The first appearance of the megafauna happened in what period?

I'm not sure.

A colder, more arid climate happened in what period?

I'm not sure.

The minority of population groups at this time were what?

I'm not sure.

Which groups started to focus on resources available to them globally?

I'm not sure.


The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled."  Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.

What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?

United Nations Population Fund

UNFPA's work concerns what general area?

reproductive health

One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?

wanted

Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?

safe

What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?

female genital mutilation

What does UNFPA try to avoid?

I'm not sure.

What does UNFPA not provide?

I'm not sure.

Where has UNFPA been the most unknown recently?

I'm not sure.

What local campaigns is UNFPA most involved with?

I'm not sure.


The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.

In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?

four

About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?

three quarters

UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?

United Nations Development Group

UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?

Europe

How many countries do not yet support UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What region is UNFPA solely located in?

I'm not sure.

What groups are not yet involved with UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What fraction of workers are located in Latin America?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly.

When did UNFPA begin its work?

What was UNFPA's original name?

United Nations Fund for Population Activities

When did the organization change its name?

UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body?

United Nations Development Fund

When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly?

Why did UNFPA never change their name?

I'm not sure.

What authority was never involved with UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What year did the United Nations General Assembly disband?

I'm not sure.

What was the United Nations Fund not known for?

I'm not sure.


In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere.

When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals?

How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals?

How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period?

15 years

How many member states voted against Sustainable Development Goals?

I'm not sure.

How many years did it take to form the goals?

I'm not sure.

What goals aimed at keeping things the same in the world?

I'm not sure.

Which goals were designed to increase poverty?

I'm not sure.

What was considered unimportant to the UN?

I'm not sure.


The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest.

Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?

ambitious

The third of the goals concerns what?

health

What does the fourth goal focus on improving?

education

What is the topic of the fifth goal?

gender equality

The third of the goals is to decrease what?

I'm not sure.

What does Goal 4 desire to eradicate?

I'm not sure.

What topic was ignored by Goal 5?

I'm not sure.

What goals were seen as being easily solved by states alone?

I'm not sure.


Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN
2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)
2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)
1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)
1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)

Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987?

Rafael M. Salas

Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country?

Nigeria

Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010?

Thoraya Ahmed Obaid

Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2000?

Dr Nafis Sadik

Dr Babatunde Osotimehin has never been to what country?

I'm not sure.

Who from the UN was missing during 1969-87?

I'm not sure.

Which doctor from Pakistan served until 2010?

I'm not sure.

What man served from Saudi Arabia?

I'm not sure.

What Nigerian was falsely known as being a doctor?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA is the world's largest multilateral source of funding for population and reproductive health programs. The Fund works with governments and non-governmental organizations in over 150 countries with the support of the international community, supporting programs that help women, men and young people:

UNFPA is the largest worldwide funder of what type of programs?

population and reproductive health programs

In how many countries does UNFPA operate?

In addition to working directly with governments, with whom does UNFPA work?

non-governmental organizations

What supports UNFPA's work?

the international community

The Fund's programs support women, men, and who else?

young people

What is one of the world's smallest sources of funding for population and reproductive health programs?

I'm not sure.

How many countries are not yet in support?

I'm not sure.

What programs are not focused on by UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What fund doesn't work with governments?

I'm not sure.


According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?

reproductive health

These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?

the reproductive system

What is the third element?

social health

UNFPA lists elements that neglect what human right?

I'm not sure.

These elements ignore health related to reproduction and what else?

I'm not sure.

What element is not important to the UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What is not seen as a right to the UNFPA?

I'm not sure.


The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.

Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?

developing countries

To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?

population concerns

What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?

policies and strategies

Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?

Dr. Osotimehin

The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?

Goodwill Ambassadors

Where does The Fund work to lower awareness and decrease support?

I'm not sure.

To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid?

I'm not sure.

Who refused to take leadership of The Fund in January 2011?

I'm not sure.

Who else is not represented by The Fund?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.

UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?

women and young people

With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?

governments

With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?

United Nations agencies

In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?

raise awareness

Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?

communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector

UNFPA's mission is to deny the rights and health of whom?

I'm not sure.

With whom does UNFPA avoid partnering with?

I'm not sure.

With what sort of agencies does UNFPA not work with?

I'm not sure.

In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA want to decrease?

I'm not sure.

Who is hurt most by the UNFPA?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.

UNFPA has  been accused of supporting what type of abortion?

forced-abortions

UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?

sterilizations

What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?

anti-family planning groups

Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?

three

Who was UNFPA accurately accused by?

I'm not sure.

Controversy regarding these accusations has caused harmony with how many presidential administrations?

I'm not sure.

What groups have dismissed these accusations against UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

Which administrations funded UNFPA the most?

I'm not sure.

What claims were not controversial?

I'm not sure.


Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives.

Who contributes to UNFPA?

governments and the private sector

Contributions exceeded how much in 2014?

$1 billion

How much of its funding was earmarked?

$529 million

What was the amount of funding for UNFPA's core resources?

$477 million

Who never contributed to UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

Contributions were lowered by how much in 2014?

I'm not sure.

How much funding was not earmarked correctly?

I'm not sure.

What was the amount taken away from UNFPA's core resources?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.

During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?

the mid-to-late '90s

Peru was found to have been coercing what?

sterilizations

UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?

reforms and protocols

UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?

women seeking assistance

After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?

laws and practices

Who refused aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '80s?

I'm not sure.

Peru was found to have been protecting against what?

I'm not sure.

UNFPA's goal in Peru was to destroy whose rights?

I'm not sure.

After the scandal became private, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?

I'm not sure.


From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.

Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?

the Bush Administration

During what period did the administration deny funding?

From 2002 through 2008

Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?

the US Congress

What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?

forced abortions and coercive sterilizations

What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?

the Kemp-Kasten Amendment

Which 21st century administration increased funding to UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

During what period did the administration increase funding the most?

I'm not sure.

Who will never allocate UNFPA funding in the U.S.?

I'm not sure.

What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding supported?

I'm not sure.

What claims were not refuted?

I'm not sure.


UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to the State Department that it found "no evidence that UNFPA has supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization in China," as has been charged by critics.

Which country was administering forced abortions?

China

How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team?

three

Which U.S. department investigated the allegations?

the State Department

Which country was administering the fewest abortions?

I'm not sure.

How many people were on the Chinese fact-finding team?

I'm not sure.

Which U.S. department ignored the allegations?

I'm not sure.

Which organization had no critics?

I'm not sure.


However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.

What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?

population control policies

What was this official's position at the time?

Secretary of State

Who was the official that accused UNFPA?

Colin Powell

What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?

vehicles and computers

What papers reported on this incident?

the Washington Post and the Washington Times

What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of not helping China carry out?

I'm not sure.

Who was the official that was part of UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What was UNFPA accused of taking away from the Chinese program?

I'm not sure.

What papers denied to report on this incident?

I'm not sure.


Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.

Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?

Christopher H. Smith

The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?

Potemkin Villages

Which former director defended UNFPA?

Dr. Nafis Sadik

Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?

Amnesty International

What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?

coercive techniques

Which representative helped the the State Department investigation the most?

I'm not sure.

The representative said that inspectors had never seen what sort of villages?

I'm not sure.

Which former director disliked UNFPA?

I'm not sure.

What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were never employed by China?

I'm not sure.

Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2002?

I'm not sure.