Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences. Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.

What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?

who created God

Who wrote The Grand Design?

Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow

What is Michael Nikoletseas profession?

Neuroscientist

How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?

purely within the realm of science

What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?

The Grand Design

Who was Hawking's co-author?

Leonard Mlodinow

Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?

Michael Nikoletseas

What is the name of the book by Michael Nikoletseas?

I'm not sure.

What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God?

I'm not sure.

What is Leonard Mlodinow's profession?

I'm not sure.

What does Michael Nikoletseas state in his book if God created the universe?

I'm not sure.

What do both authors believe about God if you take a biological comparative approach?

I'm not sure.


Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his opinion, more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems. Bertrand du Castel and Timothy Jurgensen demonstrate through formalization that Boyer's explanatory model matches physics' epistemology in positing not directly observable entities as intermediaries. Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar. Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one's father.

How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave?

much like people

Why does Stewart Guthrie believe that people project their human features onto non human things?

it makes those aspects more familiar

What did Frued believe about the belief in God?

god concepts are projections of one's father

What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?

The construction of gods and spirits like persons

Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?

Pascal Boyer

How do supernatural entities act?

much like people

Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera?

Greek mythology

Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father?

Sigmund Freud

What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the best known traits of Jurgensen's model?

I'm not sure.

Why do people make spirits appear humanlike according to Timothy Jurgensen?

I'm not sure.

What does Pascal Boyer believe religious systems are projections of?

I'm not sure.

What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology?

I'm not sure.


Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation. However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups. Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits, humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups.

What are ways that small social groups can force morality?

gossip or reputation

Who suggested that by including the presence of an omniscient God, selfishness can be controlled and cooperation can be gained?

Matt Rossano

What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?

gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings

Why would humans have begun to create gods?

a means of enforcing morality

Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?

Matt Rossano

Omnipresent gods are a way to watch large groups and enforce what?

morality

Omniprestent gods helped build what?

more cooperative groups

What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others?

I'm not sure.

What does Emile Durkheim believe happened when humans live in groups?

I'm not sure.

How can selfishness be restrained in large groups?

I'm not sure.

Where is it harder to build cooperative groups?

I'm not sure.

What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?

I'm not sure.


St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an eternal and infinite essence." For Spinoza, the whole of the natural universe is made of one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature. His proof for the existence of God was a variation of the Ontological argument.

How did St. Anselm define the existence of God?

"that than which nothing greater can be conceived"

Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"?

Baruch Spinoza

What did Baruch Spinoza use as proof for the existence of God?

a variation of the Ontological argument

What did Spinoza believe the world was made of?

one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature

Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?

St. Anselm

Name a famous pantheist?

Baruch Spinoza

What was Spinoza's concept of God?

infinite

Spinoza believed that the universe was made up of one substance which is?

God

What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of?

I'm not sure.

What does St. Anselm used to prove God's existence?

I'm not sure.

What does Baruch Spinoza believe nothing is greater than?

I'm not sure.

What kind of philosopher is St Anselm?

I'm not sure.

Who's idea about God did St. Anselm carry to its extreme?

I'm not sure.


Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary.

How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God?

a lack of evidence for the material existence

What do atheists believe of God?

an imaginary entity only

How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?

trans-generational

How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God.

a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God

Who believes God isn't real?

Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris

What fields are used by Richard Dawkins to prove God's existence?

I'm not sure.

In what way does Richard Dawkins believe the existence of the universe has continued on in?

I'm not sure.

Who has used findings to prove the existence of God in a trans-generational manner?

I'm not sure.

What does Richard Dawkins believe describes the creation of the universe?

I'm not sure.

Who uses cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience to prove God is omniscient?

I'm not sure.


According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it? Either he can or he can’t. If he can’t, the argument goes, then there is something that he cannot do, namely create the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. If he can, it continues, then there is also something that he cannot do, namely lift the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. Either way, then, God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God, according to many theological models. Such a God, therefore, does not exist. Several answers to this paradox have been proposed.

What is the Omnipotence paradox?

can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it

What is another term for the Omnipotence paradox?

Paradox of the Stone

Does either outcome of the Paradox of the Stone prove the existence of God?

God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God

What shows God is not omnipotent if he creates a stone that he cannot lift?

there is something that he cannot do

What must God be, in order to be a Supreme Being?

omnipotent

What paradox states that if a god can't create a stone so heavy he can't lift it?

Paradox of the Stone

What does the Paradox of the Stone posit?

he is not omnipotent

What does it mean if a God is not omnipotent?

is not God

Are there any answers to the Pradox of the Stone?

Several

What question does the theological model paradox ask?

I'm not sure.

How many arguments about God's power prove he exists?

I'm not sure.

What is a term for the existence of God?

I'm not sure.

What model proves that God can lift a stone he creates?

I'm not sure.

If God can create a stone he can't lift, what proves he exists?

I'm not sure.


Different religious traditions assign differing (though often similar) attributes and characteristics to God, including expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature. The assignment of these attributes often differs according to the conceptions of God in the culture from which they arise. For example, attributes of God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism share certain similarities arising from their common roots.

What do religions share across their belief structures?

similarities arising from their common roots

What are some religious traditions that are found within differing religions?

expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature

Who does Christianity share roots with?

attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism

How many Attributes of Mercy are in Judaism?

Thirteen

What three religions share similar parts?

God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism

What three religions share similar beginnings?

Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism

What attributes do religions all roughly share?

expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature

What beliefs have similar psychological characteristics?

I'm not sure.

What reliegion does Islam share culture with?

I'm not sure.

How many attributes of mercy are in Islam?

I'm not sure.

What attributes do different cultures have?

I'm not sure.

What is one thing Christianity assigns to different religions?

I'm not sure.


The gender of God may be viewed as either a literal or an allegorical aspect of a deity who, in classical western philosophy, transcends bodily form. Polytheistic religions commonly attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually. In most monotheistic religions, God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually. Thus, in classical western philosophy the gender of this one-and-only deity is most likely to be an analogical statement of how humans and God address, and relate to, each other. Namely, God is seen as begetter of the world and revelation which corresponds to the active (as opposed to the receptive) role in sexual intercourse.

How is sex by God handled in a monotheistic religion?

God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually

How do polytheistic religions view sex by God or gods?

attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually

What is God's role in the creation of the world?

begetter

In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?

literal or an allegorical aspect

What do polytheistic religions assign to their gods?

gender

What role does got serve in a sexual intercourse?

the active (as opposed to the receptive) role

In which type of religion does God have no sexual partner?

monotheistic

What does western philosophy attribute to each of the gods?

I'm not sure.

What is the role of God's counterpart in creation?

I'm not sure.

In what way can the sexuality of God's counterpart be viewed?

I'm not sure.

How does western philosophy allow God to act with humans?

I'm not sure.

What does the counterpart of God transcend?

I'm not sure.


Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. For example, a hadith states God would replace a sinless people with one who sinned but still asked repentance. Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe."

What is a muslims life purpose?

to worship God

What aspect does Alister McGrath argue is important in Christianity?

a "personal god"

What does prayer usually include in Islam?

forgiveness

What type of God is the Muslim God?

forgiving

What does Alister McGrath write about the existence of the muslim god?

I'm not sure.

What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath?

I'm not sure.

What is the purpose of life for Christians?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of an intermediary in Islam?

I'm not sure.

What are two things the worship of God includes?

I'm not sure.


Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine, which adherents of other religions do not. Another view is religious pluralism. A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions. An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions. A third approach is relativistic inclusivism, where everybody is seen as equally right; an example being universalism: the doctrine that salvation is eventually available for everyone. A fourth approach is syncretism, mixing different elements from different religions. An example of syncretism is the New Age movement.

Who believe they are the one and only chosen few?

exclusivists

Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth?

exclusivists

What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?

pluralism

What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?

supersessionism

What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct?

universalism

What is one thing exclusivists don't have that Christians do?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of syncretism in Christianity?

I'm not sure.

What does a pluralist believe that is eventually available to all?

I'm not sure.

What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to?

I'm not sure.

How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth??

I'm not sure.


Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act. If God does know this, their ostensible free will might be illusory, or foreknowledge does not imply predestination, and if God does not know it, God may not be omniscient.

What does it mean if God can't predict the future?

God may not be omniscient.

Who posited the existence of God?

medieval philosophers

What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?

God's omniscience

What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?

I'm not sure.

Who developed arguments for God  being philosophical?

I'm not sure.

What did free agents attempt to comprehend about God?

I'm not sure.

What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?

I'm not sure.

What were philosophical debates about among free agents?

I'm not sure.


The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantinga, that faith is "properly basic", or to take, as does Richard Swinburne, the evidentialist position. Some theists agree that none of the arguments for God's existence are compelling, but argue that faith is not a product of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know." A recent theory using concepts from physics and neurophysiology proposes that God can be conceptualized within the theory of integrative level.

How does Alvin Plantinga describe faith?

"properly basic"

Who stated "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know"?

Pascal

Which philosopher takes the evidentialist position?

Richard Swinburne

Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?

Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew

What did David Hume think about the argument from morality?

I'm not sure.

What does Pascal think about faith?

I'm not sure.

What does Antony Flew believe physics requires?

I'm not sure.

What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid?

I'm not sure.

What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?

I'm not sure.


On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated."

When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terrorism'?

16 September 2001

Which word did George W. Bush apologize for using when talking about the war?

crusade

When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'?

20 September 2001

Where did Bush say the 'war on terror' begins?

with al-Qaeda

When did Bush say the 'war on terror' ends?

every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated

What controversial term did George W. Bush use on 20 September 2001?

I'm not sure.

Where did George W. Bush give his 20 September 2001 address from?

I'm not sure.

What part of the government did George W. Bush address on 16 September 2001?

I'm not sure.

What day did George W. Bush apologize for the word crusade?

I'm not sure.

Where was Bush during the televised address?

I'm not sure.

Who protested the use of the word crusade?

I'm not sure.

What faith used the term "crusade" in reference to terrorism?

I'm not sure.

When was the second time Bush referred to the war as a crusade?

I'm not sure.


U.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred." In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using "Overseas Contingency Operation". Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been "effectively destroyed", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010.

What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009?

a far-reaching network of violence and hatred

What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009?

Overseas Contingency Operation

What term did Obama want the government to stop using?

war on terror

Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement?

Jeh Johnson

What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?

Countering Violent Extremism

What did Barack Obama change the name of "Global War on Terror' to?

I'm not sure.

What is the OOC also known as?

I'm not sure.

Who spoke at Oxford University in December of 2013?

I'm not sure.

Who defined the goal in a speech in May of 2012?

I'm not sure.

What year was "Overseas Contingency Operations" changed to "Violent Extremism Countering?"

I'm not sure.

What was the Overseas Contingency Operation renamed as in 2009?

I'm not sure.

What did the Defense Department change its name to?

I'm not sure.

What university did Jeh Johnson work for?

I'm not sure.

What did Obama say the military fight would be replaced with?

I'm not sure.

Who did Pentagon staff members request to avoid the term war on terror?

I'm not sure.


Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.

Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?

Richard Jackson

Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?

John Ashcroft

What did the Bush administration describe as parasitical?

terrorists

What did the Bush administration describe as heroic?

Americans

What job title does Richard Ashcroft hold?

I'm not sure.

What statement did John Jackson give?

I'm not sure.

What has Richard Ashcroft argued about the "war on terrorism?"

I'm not sure.

Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples?

I'm not sure.

Who said the actions involved in war on terrorism are diffuse?

I'm not sure.

What is John Ashcroft's job?

I'm not sure.

Who did Jackson say was treacherous?

I'm not sure.

Who did Ashcroft say was brave?

I'm not sure.

What has clear criteria?

I'm not sure.


The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.

Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda?

the Soviet war in Afghanistan

When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?

February 1989

Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?

United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China

Who did Osama bin Laden volunteer to help fight in the 80s?

Soviets

Which group later became al-Qaeda?

World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

What took place from February 1979 to December 1989?

I'm not sure.

What group started forming in February 1996?

I'm not sure.

What did Osama bin Laden sign in May 1998?

I'm not sure.

Who did Osama bin Laden declare war against in a February 1998 video?

I'm not sure.

What is the WIJFAJC also known as?

I'm not sure.

What war did al-Qaeda start in 1979?

I'm not sure.

Who sponsored bin Laden in 1996?

I'm not sure.

What was WIFJAJC originally called?

I'm not sure.

What document declared war on the Soviet Union?

I'm not sure.

Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas?

I'm not sure.


On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Operation Infinite Reach, a bombing campaign in Sudan and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted were associated with WIFJAJC, although others have questioned whether a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan was used as a chemical warfare plant. The plant produced much of the region's antimalarial drugs and around 50% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs. The strikes failed to kill any leaders of WIFJAJC or the Taliban.

When did al-Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya?

7 August 1998

How many people were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?

How many Americans were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?

What operation did Bill Clinton start to retaliate for the 1998 embassy attacks?

Operation Infinite Reach

How much of Sudan's medicines were produced by a pharmaceutical plant Clinton's operation bombed?

around 50%

What happened on 8 August 1997?

I'm not sure.

Who launched Operation Reach Infinite?

I'm not sure.

Where was the pharmaceutical plant said to produce 12% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs?

I'm not sure.

What happened to kill 224 people, including 50 Americans?

I'm not sure.

How many people did Operation Infinite Reach kill?

I'm not sure.

When was Operation Infinite Reach launched?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Afghanistan's pharmaceutical needs were produced by the plant?

I'm not sure.

What operation killed several members of the Taliban?

I'm not sure.

Which US embassies were bombed in Operation Infinite Reach?

I'm not sure.


On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners, they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history. The hijackers – members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell – intentionally crashed two airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Both buildings collapsed within two hours from fire damage related to the crashes, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, just outside Washington D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington D.C., to target the White House, or the U.S. Capitol. No flights had survivors. A total of 2,977 victims and the 19 hijackers perished in the attacks.

How many al-Qaeda operatives hijacked planes on 9/11?

How many planes were hijacked on 9/11?

four

Where were the 9/11 planes originally going?

California

Which al-Qaeda cell were the 9/11 hijackers members of?

Hamburg

How soon after planes crashed into them did the WTC towers collapse?

within two hours

What building is located in Shanksville, Virginia?

I'm not sure.

What area of Arlington, Pennsylvania did the fourth plane crash?

I'm not sure.

How many victims perished in addition to the 11 hijackers in the attacks?

I'm not sure.

Where were the airliners leaving from?

I'm not sure.

How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse?

I'm not sure.

How many passengers died?

I'm not sure.

What cell were the passengers and crew part of?

I'm not sure.

Which plane crashed into the White House?

I'm not sure.


The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 11 September 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution of 1973.

What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

Who did the AUMF authorize the US military attacking?

those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001

What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?

section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution

When was the War Powers Resolution passed?

What is UAMF also known as?

I'm not sure.

What was made law on 11 September 2001?

I'm not sure.

What resolution was written in 1974?

I'm not sure.

What does the AUMF authorize Congress?

I'm not sure.

What was made law on 11 September?

I'm not sure.

Which section of AUMF authorized armed forces to respond?

I'm not sure.

What month was the War Powers Resolution signed?

I'm not sure.

Who authorized AUMF?

I'm not sure.

What previous resolution did AUMF contradict?

I'm not sure.


Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, mainly Tora Bora. In December, Coalition forces (the U.S. and its allies) fought within that region. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle.

When did the US invade Afghanistan?

October 2001

Who helped the US invade Afghanistan?

UK and coalition allies

What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan?

oust the Taliban regime

When did the US begin airstrikes on Afghanistan?

7 October 2001

Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?

Pakistan

What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

What region did Coalition forces fight in during November?

I'm not sure.

Who escaped to Tora Bora, Pakistan during the December battle?

I'm not sure.

When did Afghanistan forces invade the UK?

I'm not sure.

Who allied with Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

What fell in October 2001?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of the mountain range in Kabul?

I'm not sure.

Who escaped into Afghanistan in December?

I'm not sure.


The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an increase in the amount of troops in Afghanistan. In February 2010, Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all. Peace talks are also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces. In September 2014, Afghanistan and the United States signed a security agreement, which permits United States and NATO forces to remain in Afghanistan until at least 2024. The United States and other NATO and non-NATO forces are planning to withdraw; with the Taliban claiming it has defeated the United States and NATO, and the Obama Administration viewing it as a victory. In December 2014, ISAF encasing its colors, and Resolute Support began as the NATO operation in Afghanistan. Continued United States operations within Afghanistan will continue under the name "Operation Freedom's Sentinel".

Where did the Taliban regroup in 2002?

western Pakistan

In what parts of Afghanistan did the Taliban attack Coalition forces in 2002?

southern and eastern

What operation began in Feb 2010?

Operation Moshtarak

Where did Operation Moshtarak take place?

southern Afghanistan

When did Afghanistan sign a security agreement with the US?

September 2014

Where did the Taliban regroup in late 2001?

I'm not sure.

What operation did Coalition forces launch in February 2002?

I'm not sure.

What did Afghanistan and the US sign in December 2014?

I'm not sure.

What will continued NATO operations within Afghanistan be known as?

I'm not sure.

Where did Coalition forces regroup?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the insurgent-style offensive the Taliban used?

I'm not sure.

What did NATO and the US sign in 2014?

I'm not sure.

When do NATO forces have to leave Afghanistan by?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the security agreement?

I'm not sure.


In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the island of Basilan. The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles". The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan as part of a "Hearts and Minds" program. Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines disbanded in June 2014, ending a 14-year mission. After JSOTF-P disbanded, as late as November 2014, American forces continued to operate in the Philippines under the name "PACOM Augmentation Team".

Where did the USSOC Pacific deploy to in Jan 2002?

Philippines

What was the goal of the 2002 Philippines deployment?

combating Filipino Islamist groups

What was the main Filipino Islamist group being attacked?

Abu Sayyaf

What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?

Operation Smiles

What did Operation Smiles do for the Philippines?

provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan

What island did Abu Islamiyah and Jemaah Sayyaf have a stronghold on?

I'm not sure.

What was the goal of "Smiles Operation?"

I'm not sure.

What disbanded in November 2014?

I'm not sure.

Who operated under the name "PAMOC Augmentation Team?"

I'm not sure.

Who was deployed to help the Filipino Islamist groups?

I'm not sure.

How long had the Abu Sayyaf group been in Basilan?

I'm not sure.

What did PACOM Augmentation Team rename itself as?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the operation to remove Abu Sayyaf?

I'm not sure.

Where was the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines?

I'm not sure.


On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks.

How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?

two

Where was the Sep 14, 2009 action?

near the Somali village of Baarawe

What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?

French

What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?

Al-Shabaab

What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan?

Kenyan

What did U.S. Special Forces do on 14 September 2002?

I'm not sure.

What was the title for Saleh Nabhan Saleh Ali?

I'm not sure.

Who was wanted in connection with the 2002 Kenyan attacks?

I'm not sure.

Witnesses from what village claim they saw French-flagged warships?

I'm not sure.

How many US Special Forces were killed on 14 September 2009?

I'm not sure.

How many were captured in the 2002 Mombasa attacks?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the village attacked in Mombasa?

I'm not sure.

What nationality were the warships confirmed as?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the Kenyan al-Qaeda group?

I'm not sure.


The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

When did a Mali conflict begin?

January 2012

What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?

al-Qaeda

When did France provide troops in Mali?

January 2013

What did France call its Mali operation?

Operation Serval

What was Operation Serval's goal?

dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali

Where did a conflict begin in January 2013?

I'm not sure.

What government asked for help from the national community for combating Islamic militants?

I'm not sure.

What country intervened on behalf of the Malian government in January 2012?

I'm not sure.

When was Serval Operation launched?

I'm not sure.

On whose behalf did the Malian government intervene?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the Islamist advance into northern Mali?

I'm not sure.

When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali?

I'm not sure.

What did the French government struggle to maintain?

I'm not sure.

Who did Islamic militants request help from?

I'm not sure.


Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively. U.S. forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U.S. demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.

When did the first Gulf War begin?

How did the first Gulf War end?

ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended)

Who did the US try to protect in Iraq after the first Gulf War?

Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population

Which region of Iraq do the Kurds live in?

northern

Which region of Iraq do the Shi'a live in?

southern

What was instituted to protect Iraq's Arab and Shi'a Kurdish population?

I'm not sure.

Who suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before the Gulf War?

I'm not sure.

What operation was launched against Iraq in November 1995?

I'm not sure.

What did Iraq fail to meet in 1995?

I'm not sure.

What year did the first Gulf War end?

I'm not sure.

What did the US and its allies do once the hostilities were officially over?

I'm not sure.

What was launched in 1995?

I'm not sure.

Who was trying to protect the Hussein regime?

I'm not sure.

What Iraqi populations attacked the Hussein regime?

I'm not sure.


The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.

When was the first ground attack in the post-9/11 Iraq war?

21 March 2003

Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr?

British, American and Polish

When did the US capture Baghdad?

April 2003

When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?

1 May 2003

What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?

Ba'ath

When did the Battle of Qasr Umm take place?

I'm not sure.

What city fell to American forces in May 2003?

I'm not sure.

What announcement did Bush make on 1 April 2003?

I'm not sure.

Who was captured in December 2006?

I'm not sure.

Who did the Bath regime include?

I'm not sure.

What country is Umm Qasr the capital of?

I'm not sure.

When did American forces fall?

I'm not sure.

When did Saddam Hussein announce the operations had ended?

I'm not sure.

What had fewer casualties than the invasion?

I'm not sure.

When was the Islamic Caliphate executed by US forces?

I'm not sure.


In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL), taking over much of the country in a blitzkrieg-like action and combining the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War into a single conflict. Due to their extreme brutality and a complete change in their overall ideology, Al Qaeda's core organization in Central Asia eventually denounced ISIS and directed their affiliates to cut off all ties with this organization. Many analysts[who?] believe that because of this schism, Al Qaeda and ISIL are now in a competition to retain the title of the world's most powerful terrorist organization.

Which civil war did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda begin fighting in?

Syrian

With support from Syrians, what did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda rename themselves to?

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL)

What part of Iraq did ISIS invade?

western

Who denounced ISIS?

Al Qaeda's core organization

What relationship do Al Qaeda and ISIS now have?

competition

What group split the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War?

I'm not sure.

What group publicly denounced al-Qaeda?

I'm not sure.

Which two groups do analysts believe have combined?

I'm not sure.

Where is ISIS's core organization?

I'm not sure.

What country did Syria covertly invade?

I'm not sure.


The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]

When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?

10 August 2014

What law did Obama cite on Sep 9, 2014?

the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

When did Obama make a speech about ISIS on TV?

10 September 2014

Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014?

the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar

Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?

Syria

When did Iraq reengage with the Obama administration?

I'm not sure.

Who did Iraq aim their airstrikes at?

I'm not sure.

Who is the president of Iraq?

I'm not sure.

What law did Congress cite, allowing it to take action against ISIS?

I'm not sure.

Which countries did ISIS launch an air attack against on 21/22 September?

I'm not sure.


Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and other U.S. administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate. In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.

Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban?

Pervez Musharraf

How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use?

three

What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation?

Operation Enduring Freedom

Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001?

Colin Powell

Who said he had 'war-gamed' the US?

Musharraf

Which former president sided with the Taliban?

I'm not sure.

How many airbases did the Taliban receive?

I'm not sure.

Who was the current president of Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

What did Colin Powell testify in 2006?

I'm not sure.

Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan?

I'm not sure.


On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".

When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?

12 January 2002

What did Musharraf say he'd combat?

Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

What did Musharraf ban?

militant organizations

What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?

foreign influence

Who gave a speech for Islamic extremism?

I'm not sure.

When were the militant organizations banned?

I'm not sure.

What was extremism committed to rooting out?

I'm not sure.

Who was involved in the consultations?

I'm not sure.

What would be allowed to give itself a new name?

I'm not sure.


In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.

When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?

What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?

Jaish-e-Mohammed

What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?

Lashkar-e-Taiba

What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?

Saudi

Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Who led all of the jihadi organizations?

I'm not sure.

How many government officials were taken into custody?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the Pakistani official that performed a number of raids?

I'm not sure.

What is the nationality of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?

I'm not sure.

What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?

I'm not sure.


The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion. The United States was criticized by[according to whom?] a report on drone warfare and aerial sovereignty for abusing the term 'Global War on Terror' to carry out military operations through government agencies without formally declaring war.

What controversial technology did the US use in Pakistan?

drones

Which US agency runs its drones in Pakistan?

the Central Intelligence Agency

Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?

to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion

Abuse of what term allowed a lack of a formal war declaration?

Global War on Terror

What does the US Government use the Air Force for?

I'm not sure.

What did the United States criticize?

I'm not sure.

What does the Pakistan use for airstrikes?

I'm not sure.

What term was Pakistan accused of abusing?

I'm not sure.

The term Global War on Terror required formally doing what?

I'm not sure.


In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.

Who wrote 'Letter to American People' in 2002?

Osama bin Laden

Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002?

Donald Rumsfeld

Which group did Rumsfeld think was active in Kashmir?

Al-Qaeda

What teams hunted for Bin Laden in Kashmir in 2002?

Special Air Service and Delta Force

Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen?

Fazlur Rehman Khalil

Who did India support on the Kashmir issue?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the document Donald Rumsfeld wrote?

I'm not sure.

Who did the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen attempt to hunt down?

I'm not sure.

Who is the leader of Kashmir?

I'm not sure.

Pakistan claimed al-Qaeda had close ties with what area?

I'm not sure.


In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member, while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda. Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting NATO in support of Al-Qaeda. On 8 July 2012, Al-Badar Mujahideen, a breakaway faction of Kashmir centric terror group Hizbul Mujahideen, on conclusion of their two-day Shuhada Conference called for mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir.

Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009?

Ilyas Kashmiri

What group did Ilyas Kashmiri lead?

Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?

Kashmiri militants

What group did Al-Badar Mujahideen break away from?

Hizbul Mujahideen

What did Al-Badar Mujahideen call for in 2012?

mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir

Who ordered the SUS Drone strike in September 2009?

I'm not sure.

What group was Bruce Riedel the leader of?

I'm not sure.

What faction broke away from Al-Badar Mujahideen?

I'm not sure.

How long was Waziristan the new battlefield?

I'm not sure.

When did terror groups call to end the jihad in Kashmir?

I'm not sure.


In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism." NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.

Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?

member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced?

22 November 2002

Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?

the Mediterranean Sea

What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called?

Operation Active Endeavour

What did terrorism respond to?

I'm not sure.

What were NATO's efforts to respond to terrorism called?

I'm not sure.

What council decided to start operations in the mediterranean Sea in November 2002?

I'm not sure.

Where is the EAPC located?

I'm not sure.

What day did Operation Active Endeavour start?

I'm not sure.


Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.

What were the countries who supported the US's post-9/11 invasions called?

the "coalition of the willing"

Which country disavowed the Taliban?

Pakistan

How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban?

tens of thousands

Where in Pakistan is Waziristan?

North-West

Where did Pakistan try to remove the Taliban and Al-Qaeda?

northern tribal areas

What action made support for the US increase?

I'm not sure.

Which country refused to send troops into Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

How many soldiers did the coalition of the willing contribute?

I'm not sure.

What was the war in the northern tribal areas called?

I'm not sure.

What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help?

I'm not sure.


The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. The monthly supply of cargo containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around 12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.

What was the primary fighting force in southern Afghanistan?

The British 16th Air Assault Brigade

Which nations besides the UK contributed significantly to the southern Afghanistan fight?

Australia, Canada and the Netherlands

How many troops did Canada send initially?

How many troops did Australia send initially?

How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?

What was the British 16th Air Assault Brigade later called?

I'm not sure.

How many special forces troops were there from Denmark?

I'm not sure.

How many Pakistanis were involved?

I'm not sure.

How many British troops helped invade Denmark?

I'm not sure.

What type of vehicle did Estonia supply?

I'm not sure.


In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[citation needed]

What new agency did Bush create after 9/11?

Department of Homeland Security

When was the DHS created?

November 2002

What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to?

the Department of Defense

What did the DHS focus on?

domestic efforts to prevent future attacks

What did the Bush administration do instead of military efforts?

I'm not sure.

What Bush agency was created before 9/11?

I'm not sure.

When were the armed forces consolidated?

I'm not sure.

What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?

I'm not sure.

Which administration created the Department of Defense?

I'm not sure.


The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.

When was the Patriot Act passed?

October 2001

What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?

telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records

What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?

detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts

How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act?

to include domestic terrorism

Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?

The New York Times

What bill increased restrictions on law enforcement agencies?

I'm not sure.

What bill did the Secretary of the Treasury pass?

I'm not sure.

What year was the Terrorist Finance Tracking program discontinued?

I'm not sure.

What program does the NSA currently use to monitor financial activity?

I'm not sure.

What newspaper uncovered the Patriot Act?

I'm not sure.


Political interest groups have stated that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible unconstitutional violations of the Fourth Amendment. On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched. Also, governing bodies in a number of communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act.

When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act?

30 July 2003

What rights did the ACLU say the Patriot Act violated?

First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process

What did Section 215 of the Patriot Act allow the FBI to search?

a person's business, bookstore, and library records

Who passed symbolic resolutions against the Patriot Act?

governing bodies in a number of communities

What did the ACLU violate?

I'm not sure.

When was Section 215 written?

I'm not sure.

What has governmental authority said the laws remove restrictions from?

I'm not sure.

What did Section 215 allow the ACLU to inspect?

I'm not sure.

Who sued the ACLU?

I'm not sure.


In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense".

What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005?

Resolution 1624

Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council?

the United States and Israel

What plan did the DoD release in 2005?

National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

What did Resolution 1624 try to protect?

international human rights laws

What year did Israel adopt Resolution 1964?

I'm not sure.

What did the UN Security Council decline to offer reports for?

I'm not sure.

What document did the Israeli Department of Defense publish?

I'm not sure.

Which two countries submitted annual reports?

I'm not sure.

What US agency released Resolution 1624?

I'm not sure.


Criticism of the War on Terror addresses the issues, morality, efficiency, economics, and other questions surrounding the War on Terror and made against the phrase itself, calling it a misnomer. The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that it has been exploited by participating governments to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights. It is argued that the term war is not appropriate in this context (as in War on Drugs), since there is no identifiable enemy, and that it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means.

What phrase has been called a misnomer?

War on Terror

What has the 'war on terror' been used as an excuse for?

to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights

Which other misnamed 'war' has 'war on terror' been compared to?

War on Drugs

What is the likely fate of the 'war on terror'?

it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means

What is another name for War on Drugs?

I'm not sure.

What is most likely to be ended by military means?

I'm not sure.

What has the War on Drugs been used as an excuse for?

I'm not sure.

What term is appropriate for one with no identifiable enemy?

I'm not sure.


Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.

What flaw in the 'war on terror' name did Francis Fukuyama point out?

"terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic

What does the 'war on terror' name obscure?

differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen

Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?

Shirley Williams

What fed US hysteria about terrorism?

media

What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?

damaged

What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy?

I'm not sure.

Who said the military presence has decreased resentment?

I'm not sure.

What has damaged the image of Iraq in the world?

I'm not sure.

What critic obscured differences between conflicts?

I'm not sure.

Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies?

I'm not sure.


Labour runs a minority government in the Welsh Assembly under Carwyn Jones, is the largest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament and has twenty MEPs in the European Parliament, sitting in the Socialists and Democrats Group. The party also organises in Northern Ireland, but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Labour Party is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and holds observer status in the Socialist International. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party.

Who runs the Welsh Assembly?

Carwyn Jones

What is the largest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament?

The Labour Party

How many MEPs does it have in the British Parliament?

twenty

What year was Jeremy Corbyn elected?

What runs a majority government in the Welsh Assembly?

I'm not sure.

What is the smallest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament?

I'm not sure.

Where does the Labour Party not organize?

I'm not sure.

Who was leader of the Labour Party before 2015?

I'm not sure.

Where does the Labour Party have fourty MEPs?

I'm not sure.


The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party.

About when did the Labour Parry start?

late 19th century

when was george odger elected?

When did it become obvious that the rural proletariat needed a new political party?

I'm not sure.

What demographic had decreased in number?

I'm not sure.

What years was the voting franchise shrunk?

I'm not sure.

Who was the last Lib-Lab candidate to stand?

I'm not sure.

What socialist group did not form around this time?

I'm not sure.


In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, and the proposed conference was held at the Memorial Hall on Farringdon Street on 26 and 27 February 1900. The meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations — trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates.

What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?

Where was Thomas R. Steels a member?

Doncaster

WHere was the proposed conference held?

Memorial Hall

Who proposed a special conference to bring all right-wing organisations together?

I'm not sure.

What group did not pass the motion?

I'm not sure.

Where was the conference help before 1900?

I'm not sure.

What was attended by only a narrow spectrum of organizations?

I'm not sure.

What represented two thirds of the TUC delegates?

I'm not sure.


After a debate, the 129 delegates passed Hardie's motion to establish "a distinct Labour group in Parliament, who shall have their own whips, and agree upon their policy, which must embrace a readiness to cooperate with any party which for the time being may be engaged in promoting legislation in the direct interests of labour." This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and represent the working-class population. It had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the difficult task of keeping the various strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 "Khaki election" came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively; total expenses for the election only came to £33. Only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful; Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby.

How many delegates passed the motion?

Who was elected Secretary?

Ramsay MacDonald

How many candidates were sponsored in the 1900 electrion?

What did the 129 delegates do before a debate?

I'm not sure.

What association was meant to disorganize attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions?

I'm not sure.

What organization had a single leader?

I'm not sure.

Who was an unsuccessful candidate?

I'm not sure.

What was an easy task for Ramsay MacDonald?

I'm not sure.


Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, a dispute between strikers and a railway company that ended with the union being ordered to pay £23,000 damages for a strike. The judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. The apparent acquiescence of the Conservative Government of Arthur Balfour to industrial and business interests (traditionally the allies of the Liberal Party in opposition to the Conservative's landed interests) intensified support for the LRC against a government that appeared to have little concern for the industrial proletariat and its problems.

What boosted support in 1901?

Taff Vale Case

What was the Taft Vale Case?

a dispute between strikers and a railway company

From this case, what happened?

made strikes illegal

How much were they ordered to pay in damages for the strike?

What hurt support for the LRC?

I'm not sure.

How much did the railway company have to pay the union?

I'm not sure.

What made strikes effectively legal?

I'm not sure.

What appeared to be very concerned with the industrial proletariat?

I'm not sure.

What refused to listen to industrial and business interests?

I'm not sure.


In their first meeting after the election the group's Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name "The Labour Party" formally (15 February 1906). Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots. In the party's early years the Independent Labour Party (ILP) provided much of its activist base as the party did not have individual membership until 1918 but operated as a conglomerate of affiliated bodies. The Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement.

Who overturned the Taft Vale judgement?

Liberal Government

Who was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party?

Keir Hardie

How many votes did Keir Hardie win by?

one vote

Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?

David Shackleton

What name did the group adopt during their last meeting?

I'm not sure.

What name did the group adopt before 1906?

I'm not sure.

Who had not helped the party to become established?

I'm not sure.

What provided the party's activist base in the party's later years?

I'm not sure.

What was one of the last acts of the new Liberal Government?

I'm not sure.


The 1910 election saw 42 Labour MPs elected to the House of Commons, a significant victory since, a year before the election, the House of Lords had passed the Osborne judgment ruling that Trades Unions in the United Kingdom could no longer donate money to fund the election campaigns and wages of Labour MPs. The governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation. The height of Liberal compromise was to introduce a wage for Members of Parliament to remove the need to involve the Trade Unions. By 1913, faced with the opposition of the largest Trades Unions, the Liberal government passed the Trade Disputes Act to allow Trade Unions to fund Labour MPs once more.

How many MP were elected in the 1910 election?

Who passed the Osborne judgment?

Trade Disputes Act

When was the Trade Disputes Act passed?

What year saw 42 Labour MPs face defeat?

I'm not sure.

What did the House of Lords pass a year after the election?

I'm not sure.

Who could no longer fund the wages of Liberal MPs?

I'm not sure.

What was the nadir of Liberal compromise?

I'm not sure.

When did the Labour government pass the Trades Disputes Act?

I'm not sure.


The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142 seats in 1922, making it the second largest political group in the House of Commons and the official opposition to the Conservative government. After the election the now-rehabilitated Ramsay MacDonald was voted the first official leader of the Labour Party.

WHen was the COmmunist party refused affiliation?

between 1921 and 1923

HOw many seats id Labour win in 1922?

Who was voted the first leader of the Labour Party?

Ramsay MacDonald

When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party?

I'm not sure.

What allowed the Liberals to gain much of Labour's support?

I'm not sure.

How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922?

I'm not sure.

What was the third largest group in the House of Commons?

I'm not sure.

Who was voted the last official leader of the Labour Party?

I'm not sure.


The 1923 general election was fought on the Conservatives' protectionist proposals but, although they got the most votes and remained the largest party, they lost their majority in parliament, necessitating the formation of a government supporting free trade. Thus, with the acquiescence of Asquith's Liberals, Ramsay MacDonald became the first ever Labour Prime Minister in January 1924, forming the first Labour government, despite Labour only having 191 MPs (less than a third of the House of Commons).

In what year did Ramsay MacDonald become the Labour PM?

How many MP did they get in the election in 1924?

Who was the last Labour Prime Minister?

I'm not sure.

What party had more than a third of the House of Commons?

I'm not sure.

When did the first Conservative Prime Minister serve?

I'm not sure.

Who won a majority in Parliament?

I'm not sure.

Who got the least votes?

I'm not sure.


The government collapsed after only nine months when the Liberals voted for a Select Committee inquiry into the Campbell Case, a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence. The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the Zinoviev letter, in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain. The letter had little impact on the Labour vote—which held up. It was the collapse of the Liberal party that led to the Conservative landslide. The Conservatives were returned to power although Labour increased its vote from 30.7% to a third of the popular vote, most Conservative gains being at the expense of the Liberals. However many Labourites for years blamed their defeat on foul play (the Zinoviev Letter), thereby according to A. J. P. Taylor misunderstanding the political forces at work and delaying needed reforms in the party.

When was the Zinoviev letter published?

After how long did the government collapse?

nine months

What was rebuilt after only nine months?

I'm not sure.

What did the Conservatives vote for?

I'm not sure.

What letter was published just before the 1920 election?

I'm not sure.

Who was talking about a Communist revolution in America?

I'm not sure.

What had a big impact on the Labour vote?

I'm not sure.


As the economic situation worsened MacDonald agreed to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives and the Liberals. On 24 August 1931 MacDonald submitted the resignation of his ministers and led a small number of his senior colleagues in forming the National Government together with the other parties. This caused great anger among those within the Labour Party who felt betrayed by MacDonald's actions: he and his supporters were promptly expelled from the Labour Party and formed a separate National Labour Organisation. The remaining Labour Party MPs (led again by Arthur Henderson) and a few Liberals went into opposition. The ensuing 1931 general election resulted in overwhelming victory for the National Government and disaster for the Labour Party which won only 52 seats, 225 fewer than in 1929.

When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers?

What caused MacDonald to form a separate party?

he and his supporters were promptly expelled

Who won the 1931 election?

National Government

What happened when the economic situation got better?

I'm not sure.

Who refused to form a National Government?

I'm not sure.

How did people in the Conservative Party feel about MacDonald's actions?

I'm not sure.

Who was expelled from the National Labour Organisation?

I'm not sure.

What election was an overwhelming victory for the Labour Party?

I'm not sure.


The nationalist parties, in turn, demanded devolution to their respective constituent countries in return for their supporting the government. When referendums for Scottish and Welsh devolution were held in March 1979 Welsh devolution was rejected outright while the Scottish referendum returned a narrow majority in favour without reaching the required threshold of 40% support. When the Labour government duly refused to push ahead with setting up the proposed Scottish Assembly, the SNP withdrew its support for the government: this finally brought the government down as it triggered a vote of confidence in Callaghan's government that was lost by a single vote on 28 March 1979, necessitating a general election.

In what year was the Scottish and Welsh devolution rejected?

How many votes did the vote of confidence lose by in 1979?

a single vote

When was Welsh devolution approved of?

I'm not sure.

What referendum reached the threshold of 40% support?

I'm not sure.

Who pushed ahead with setting up a Scottish Assembly?

I'm not sure.

What party withdrew its support for the SNP?

I'm not sure.

How much did Callaghan's government win a vote of confidence by?

I'm not sure.


Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead. However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life. These events came to be dubbed the "Winter of Discontent".

In what year was Labour shown to have a slight lead?

Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?

lorry drivers

Why were they striking?

higher pay

What was this strike called?

Winter of Discontent

Who did no one expect to call for a general election?

I'm not sure.

When did the widespread strikes end?

I'm not sure.

Why were farmers striking?

I'm not sure.

What was called the "summer of discontent"?

I'm not sure.

What group of people never went on strike?

I'm not sure.


After its defeat in the 1979 general election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left represented by Tony Benn, and the right represented by Denis Healey. The election of Michael Foot as leader in 1980, and the leftist policies he espoused, such as unilateral nuclear disarmament, leaving the European Economic Community (EEC) and NATO, closer governmental influence in the banking system, the creation of a national minimum wage and a ban on fox hunting led in 1981 to four former cabinet ministers from the right of the Labour Party (Shirley Williams, William Rodgers, Roy Jenkins and David Owen) forming the Social Democratic Party. Benn was only narrowly defeated by Healey in a bitterly fought deputy leadership election in 1981 after the introduction of an electoral college intended to widen the voting franchise to elect the leader and their deputy. By 1982, the National Executive Committee had concluded that the entryist Militant tendency group were in contravention of the party's constitution. The Militant newspaper's five member editorial board were expelled on 22 February 1983.

When was the Labout party defeated?

What year was Michael Foot elected as leader?

What did four members of the Labour Party leave to creat?

Social Democratic Party

Why was the electoral college introduced?

widen the voting franchise

What did the Labour Party do after it won in 1979?

I'm not sure.

Who lost the election in 1980?

I'm not sure.

What policy did Michael Foot oppose?

I'm not sure.

Who was easily defeated by Healey?

I'm not sure.

What did the National Executive Committee conclude before 1982?

I'm not sure.


Foot resigned and was replaced as leader by Neil Kinnock, with Roy Hattersley as his deputy. The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies. The miners strike of 1984–85 over coal mine closures, for which miners' leader Arthur Scargill was blamed, and the Wapping dispute led to clashes with the left of the party, and negative coverage in most of the press. Tabloid vilification of the so-called loony left continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government.

Who was Foot replaced by?

Neil Kinnock

Who was Neil Knnocks deputy?

Roy Hattersley

What years were the miners strike?

What was the name of the miner's leader that was blamed for the strike?

Arthur Scargill

Who was replaced as a leader by Foot?

I'm not sure.

Who was Foot's deputy?

I'm not sure.

When was the lorry driver's strike?

I'm not sure.

Who was blamed for the lorry driver's strike?

I'm not sure.

What did tabloid vilification of the right do?

I'm not sure.


In the 2010 general election on 6 May that year, Labour with 29.0% of the vote won the second largest number of seats (258). The Conservatives with 36.5% of the vote won the largest number of seats (307), but no party had an overall majority, meaning that Labour could still remain in power if they managed to form a coalition with at least one smaller party. However, the Labour Party would have had to form a coalition with more than one other smaller party to gain an overall majority; anything less would result in a minority government. On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the Labour Party Conference but a day later resigned as both Prime Minister and party leader.

How many seats did Labour win in 2010?

How many seats did the Conservatives win?

WHen did Brown announce his intention to stand down?

10 May 2010


Finance proved a major problem for the Labour Party during this period; a "cash for peerages" scandal under Blair resulted in the drying up of many major sources of donations. Declining party membership, partially due to the reduction of activists' influence upon policy-making under the reforms of Neil Kinnock and Blair, also contributed to financial problems. Between January and March 2008, the Labour Party received just over £3 million in donations and were £17 million in debt; compared to the Conservatives' £6 million in donations and £12 million in debt.

How much in contributions did the Labour party get from January to Marrch 2008?

£3 million

How far was the party in debt for the same time period?

£17 million

How far was the Conservative party in debt?

£12 million

What was not a major problem for the Labour Party during this period?

I'm not sure.

Why did party membership increase?

I'm not sure.

When did the Labour Party receive 6 million in donations?

I'm not sure.

When was the Conservative party 17 million in debt?

I'm not sure.

Who increased the influence of activists?

I'm not sure.


Labour improved its performance in 1987, gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102. They were now firmly re-established as the second political party in Britain as the Alliance had once again failed to make a breakthrough with seats. A merger of the SDP and Liberals formed the Liberal Democrats. Following the 1987 election, the National Executive Committee resumed disciplinary action against members of Militant, who remained in the party, leading to further expulsions of their activists and the two MPs who supported the group.

How many more seats did LAbour get in 1987?

What was the merger of SDP and the Liberals called?

Liberal Democrats

Who did the NEC expel

activists and the two MPs who supported the group.

When did Labour worsen its performance?

I'm not sure.

What party lost 20 seats in 1987?

I'm not sure.

How much was the Labour majority reduced by?

I'm not sure.

What did the National Executive Committee do before 1987?

I'm not sure.

How many activists did the Conservative Party expel?

I'm not sure.


The "yo yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule. However, the Conservatives themselves had undergone a dramatic change in the change of leader from Thatcher to Major, at least in terms of style if not substance. From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.

What year did Kinnock call for a general election?

What was Kinnocks party theme?

"It's Time for a Change"

What was the original Tory lead percentage?

What did the percentage fall to?

When was any Conservative lead in the polls sufficient for a majority?

I'm not sure.

Who followed Kinnock's calls for a general election?

I'm not sure.

What was Major's party theme?

I'm not sure.

How long had Labour ruled unbroken?

I'm not sure.

When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead?

I'm not sure.


Kinnock then resigned as leader and was replaced by John Smith. Smith's leadership once again saw the re-emergence of tension between those on the party's left and those identified as "modernisers", both of whom advocated radical revisions of the party's stance albeit in different ways. At the 1993 conference, Smith successfully changed the party rules and lessened the influence of the trade unions on the selection of candidates to stand for Parliament by introducing a one member, one vote system called "OMOV" — but only barely, after a barnstorming speech by John Prescott which required Smith to compromise on other individual negotiations.

Who replaced Kinnock?

John Smith

When did Smith change the party's rules?

What does OMOV stand for?

one member, one vote

Who replaced John Smith as leader?

I'm not sure.

Whose leadership eased tensions within the party?

I'm not sure.

When did Smith fail to change the party rules?

I'm not sure.

What did John Prescott successfully change?

I'm not sure.

What increased the influence of trade unions?

I'm not sure.


The Black Wednesday economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls. Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sustained economic growth followed, coupled with a relatively swift fall in unemployment, the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong. However, Smith died from a heart attack in May 1994.

WHen was Black Wednesday?

September 1992

What was Black Wednesday?

economic disaster

When was the recession declared over?

April 1993

When did Smith die?

May 1994

What did Smith die of?

a heart attack

When was the Black Friday disaster?

I'm not sure.

What repaired the Conservative government's reputation?

I'm not sure.

By when did the Tories have a comfortable lead over Labour?

I'm not sure.

When did the recession start?

I'm not sure.

What year was Smith born?

I'm not sure.


"New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".

What was the other name for the Labout Party?

"New Labour"

When was this branding first used?

When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?

What was this manifesto called?

New Labour, New Life For Britain

What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party?

I'm not sure.

When was the term New Labour last used?

I'm not sure.

Who ended the New Labour trend?

I'm not sure.

What publication was the term New Labour never used?

I'm not sure.

What status does the name "old Labour" have?

I'm not sure.


A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President George W. Bush in supporting the Iraq War, which caused him to lose much of his political support. The UN Secretary-General, among many, considered the war illegal. The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with Western governments divided in their support and under pressure from worldwide popular protests. The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot's Iraq Inquiry.

Who did Tony Blair side with?

President George W. Bush

Why did Blair side with Bush?

the Iraq War

Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?

Sir John Chilcot

Was the idea of the Iraq War popular or unpopular in Western countries?

deeply unpopular

Who did Blair ally with during the war in Afghanistan?

I'm not sure.

What caused Blair to win political support?

I'm not sure.

Who considered the war to be legal?

I'm not sure.

What war was popular in most western countries?

I'm not sure.

What is the subject of Blair's Iraq Inquiry?

I'm not sure.


Blair announced in September 2006 that he would quit as leader within the year, though he had been under pressure to quit earlier than May 2007 in order to get a new leader in place before the May elections which were expected to be disastrous for Labour. In the event, the party did lose power in Scotland to a minority Scottish National Party government at the 2007 elections and, shortly after this, Blair resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by his Chancellor, Gordon Brown. Although the party experienced a brief rise in the polls after this, its popularity soon slumped to its lowest level since the days of Michael Foot. During May 2008, Labour suffered heavy defeats in the London mayoral election, local elections and the loss in the Crewe and Nantwich by-election, culminating in the party registering its worst ever opinion poll result since records began in 1943, of 23%, with many citing Brown's leadership as a key factor. Membership of the party also reached a low ebb, falling to 156,205 by the end of 2009: over 40 per cent of the 405,000 peak reached in 1997 and thought to be the lowest total since the party was founded.

When did Blair announce he was quitting?

September 2006

When were the next elections?

May 2007

Who did Labour lose power in the election to?

Scottish National Party

Who was Blair replaced by?

his Chancellor, Gordon Brown

What was the party membership at the end of 2009?

When was Blair not under pressure to quit?

I'm not sure.

What event did people want Blair to be in power during?

I'm not sure.

Where did the party gain power?

I'm not sure.

Who replaced Gordon Brown?

I'm not sure.

What did Labour win in May 2008?

I'm not sure.