The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived.

What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?

The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia

What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by?

Zoroastrianism

When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

AD 301

Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?

in defiance of the Sassanids

Who invented the Armenian alphabet?

Mesrop Mashtots

What did the Arsacid Kingdom invent in 405 AD?

I'm not sure.

What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots?

I'm not sure.

What was the first country to officially acopt Sassanids as its religion?

I'm not sure.

What religion formerly existed in the Greco-Roman empire in 405 AD?

I'm not sure.

When did the Greco-Roman empire officially adopt Christianity as its religion?

I'm not sure.


In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. They settled in large numbers in Cilicia, an Anatolian region where Armenians were already established as a minority since Roman times. In 1080, they founded an independent Armenian Principality then Kingdom of Cilicia, which became the focus of Armenian nationalism. The Armenians developed close social, cultural, military, and religious ties with nearby Crusader States, but eventually succumbed to Mamluk invasions. In the next few centuries, Djenghis Khan, Timurids, and the tribal Turkic federations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu ruled over the Armenians.

When did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?

885 AD

Under which ruler did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?

Ashot I

What dynasty was Ashot I part of?

the Bagratid Dynasty

Who invaded Armenia in 1064?

Seljuk Turks

What Turkic federations ruled Armenia?

the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu

What did the Seljuk Turks invade in 885 AD?

I'm not sure.

What group fled the invasion of the Mamluk in 885 AD?

I'm not sure.

What are some groups that ruled over the Mamluk over the centuries?

I'm not sure.

What ties did Djengis Khan develop with Crusader States?

I'm not sure.

What group eventually succumbed to Anatolian invasions?

I'm not sure.


From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. In the late 1820s, the parts of historic Armenia under Iranian control centering on Yerevan and Lake Sevan (all of Eastern Armenia) were incorporated into the Russian Empire following Iran's forced ceding of the territories after its loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the outcoming Treaty of Turkmenchay. Western Armenia however, remained in Ottoman hands.

When did the Russo-Persian War begin?

When did the Russo-Persian War end?

What treaty ended the Russo-Persian War?

Treaty of Turkmenchay

When did parts of Armenia under Iranian control become part of Russia?

In the late 1820s

When was the Peace of Amasya?

mid 16th century

What came under Russian rule in the early 16th century?

I'm not sure.

Why did Western and Eastern Armenia come under Russian rule in the early 16th century?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Safavid-Qajar war begin?

I'm not sure.

What year did the Safavid-Qajar war end?

I'm not sure.

What war did Russia lose in the late 1820's?

I'm not sure.


Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict. (See Recognition of the Armenian Genocide)

Who says they didn't kill Armenians as genocide, just because they were 'in the way of the war'?

Governments of Republic of Turkey

What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?

diplomatic conflict

Who ruled Turkey when the Armenian genocide happened?

the Ottoman Empire

What has the government of Armenia consistently rejected?

I'm not sure.

What do foreign countries argue that justifies the killings of the people of Turkey?

I'm not sure.

What does talking about the Ottoman Empire provoke?

I'm not sure.

How do foreign countries categorize citizens of Turkey who died?

I'm not sure.

What does Turkey want to pass to condemn the Ottoman genocide?

I'm not sure.


Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia.

What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?

independent republic

When did communists take over Armenia?

late 1920

Who invaded Armenia in 1920?

the Red Army

What part of the USSR did Armenia join?

the Transcaucasian SFSR

When did Armenia leave the USSR?

When was the Red Army part of an independent republic after the Russian Empire breakup?

I'm not sure.

Who invaded Russia in 1920?

I'm not sure.

When did Russia become independent from the USSR?

I'm not sure.

When did the Russian Empire come to power and invade the Transcaucasian SFSR?

I'm not sure.

What part of the Red Army did the communists join in 1991?

I'm not sure.


Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon. Today, with a population of 3.5 million, they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia, but also in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenians in the diaspora informally refer to them as Hayastantsis (Հայաստանցի), meaning those that are from Armenia (that is, those born and raised in Armenia). They, as well as the Armenians of Iran and Russia speak the Eastern dialect of the Armenian language. The country itself is secular as a result of Soviet domination, but most of its citizens identify themselves as Apostolic Armenian Christian.

How long have Armenians lived in the highlands?

over four thousand years

Who founded the first Armenian nation?

Hayk

Who did Hayk defeat?

Bel of Babylon

How many native Armenians are in Armenia today?

3.5 million

What does Hayastantsis mean?

those that are from Armenia

How long have Russians lived in the Armenian Highland?

I'm not sure.

Who founded the first Iranian nation?

I'm not sure.

Who did Hayk lead the Russians to victory over?

I'm not sure.

What is the population of Iran today?

I'm not sure.

What does the name Hayk mean?

I'm not sure.


Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice, Italy. There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.[citation needed]

What is the Armenian Quarter?

one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem

How many people live in the Armenian monastery in or near Italy?

When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?

What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery?

Catholic

Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?

on an island near Venice

How long have Catholic communities existed outside Austria?

I'm not sure.

What is the Italian Quarter?

I'm not sure.

When was Venice, Italy founded?

I'm not sure.

Where is the Hungarian monastery?

I'm not sure.

How many people live in the Austrian monastery near Jerusalem?

I'm not sure.


Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together.

What are Parskahay?

Armenians who originate from Iran

What are Lipananahay?

Armenians from Lebanon

What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?

Western

How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?

considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other

What type of Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Iran and Russia?

Eastern

What can speakers of the variations of Parskahay do?

I'm not sure.

In what province do Canadians have a majority?

I'm not sure.

What do groups of Russians do when they live in the US?

I'm not sure.

How are Russians from Iran classified?

I'm not sure.

How are Russians from Lebanon referred to?

I'm not sure.


Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon. Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin. However, the continuous upheavals, which characterized the political scenes of Armenia, made the political power move to safer places. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority. Therefore, it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia.

When did Armenia's church become independent?

451 AD

What is Armenia's church called?

Armenian Apostolic Church

What type of Catholicism is Armenia's church part of?

Oriental Orthodox

Where was the Armenian Catholicosate located at first?

Echmiadzin

Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?

Cilicia

When did the Echmiadzin church gain independence?

I'm not sure.

Why did the Echmiadzin church become independent?

I'm not sure.

What church is part of the Eastern Orthodox communion?

I'm not sure.

What did the Council of Chalcedon depend on the church to do?

I'm not sure.

Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer?

I'm not sure.


The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.

What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?

Muslim

What are Hamshenis?

ethnic Armenian Muslims

Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?

Kirakos Virapetsi

Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia?

Krikor Moussapegiants

How do the two Catholicosates compare?

equal rights and privileges

What did the Armenian Muslims have close ties to?

I'm not sure.

What other religion has been surrounded by a Christian majority?

I'm not sure.

How do Muslims in Armenia view Hamshenis?

I'm not sure.

How long have Christians been involved in Eurpean Crusader States?

I'm not sure.

Since the existence of Eurppean Crusaider States, what has there been in the Hamshenis Church?

I'm not sure.


While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?

Armenian Catholic Church

What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?

Armenian Evangelical Church

What broke away from the Armenian Evangelical Church?

Armenian Brotherhood Church

Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?

Armenian Apostolic Church

Who does the Armenian Evangelical Church recognize?

I'm not sure.

How was the Armenian Catholic Church formed?

I'm not sure.

What does the Armenian Evangelical Church follow?

I'm not sure.

What is the most popular Protestant church to Christians?

I'm not sure.

What church did the Armenian Apostolic Church break away from?

I'm not sure.


Armenian literature dates back to 400 AD, when Mesrop Mashtots first invented the Armenian alphabet. This period of time is often viewed as the Golden Age of Armenian literature. Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia. The book covers the time-frame from the formation of the Armenian people to the fifth century AD. The nineteenth century beheld a great literary movement that was to give rise to modern Armenian literature. This period of time, during which Armenian culture flourished, is known as the Revival period (Zartonki sherchan). The Revivalist authors of Constantinople and Tiflis, almost identical to the Romanticists of Europe, were interested in encouraging Armenian nationalism. Most of them adopted the newly created Eastern or Western variants of the Armenian language depending on the targeted audience, and preferred them over classical Armenian (grabar). This period ended after the Hamidian massacres, when Armenians experienced turbulent times. As Armenian history of the 1920s and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhannes Shiraz began a new era of literature.

Who came up with the Armenian alphabet?

Mesrop Mashtots

When did Armenian writing begin?

400 AD

Who was the 'father of Armenian history'?

Moses of Chorene

Who wrote 'The History of Armenia'?

Moses of Chorene

Which European movement were the Revivalist authors similar to?

Romanticists

When did Gevork Emin invent the Armenian alphabet?

I'm not sure.

When did European writing begin?

I'm not sure.

What other name was given to Paruyr Sevak?

I'm not sure.

What work was written by Silva Kaputikyan?

I'm not sure.

What was Zartonki Sherchan interested in openly discussing?

I'm not sure.


The first Armenian churches were built between the 4th and 7th century, beginning when Armenia converted to Christianity, and ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia. The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses. By the fifth century the typical cupola cone in the center had become widely used. By the seventh century, centrally planned churches had been built and a more complicated niched buttress and radiating Hrip'simé style had formed. By the time of the Arab invasion, most of what we now know as classical Armenian architecture had formed.

When were early Armenian Christian churches built?

between the 4th and 7th century

In which century did Armenia become Christian?

What radiating style are some Armenian churches built with?

Hrip'simé

When were Armenian churches built with center cupola cones?

fifth century

When were Armenian churches built with niched buttresses?

seventh century

When were the first Arab structures built?

I'm not sure.

What style of architecture so some Arab structures use?

I'm not sure.

What had formed when Hrip'sime became Christian?

I'm not sure.

What had become widely used in early churches?

I'm not sure.

What did some churches sometimes have in the fifth century?

I'm not sure.


From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities and churches were built during this time, including a new capital at Lake Van and a new Cathedral on Akdamar Island to match. The Cathedral of Ani was also completed during this dynasty. It was during this time that the first major monasteries, such as Haghpat and Haritchavank were built. This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.

Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?

Seljuk

What Armenian monasteries were built in the 11th century?

Haghpat and Haritchavank

When was there an Armenian architecture revival?

From the 9th to 11th century

What dynasty ruled Armenia in the 10th century?

Bagratid Dynasty

What was ornately carved in the 9th-11th centuries?

Armenian Khachkars

Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century?

I'm not sure.

Where was a new monastery built after the Seljuk invasion?

I'm not sure.

What cathedral was completed during the Khachkar dynasty?

I'm not sure.

What two major monasteries were built during the Khachkar dynasty?

I'm not sure.

What building style was used in the area of Haritchavank?

I'm not sure.


During Soviet rule, Armenian athletes rose to prominence winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan, who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. In football, their most successful team was Yerevan's FC Ararat, which had claimed most of the Soviet championships in the 70s and had also gone to post victories against professional clubs like FC Bayern Munich in the Euro cup.

When did Armenia begin winning Olympic medals?

Where were the 1952 Olympics held?

Helsinki

Which Armenian football team was the most successful?

Yerevan's FC Ararat

What pro team has FC Ararat beaten?

FC Bayern Munich

Who won Armenia's first Olympic medal?

Hrant Shahinyan

When did FC Bayern Munich first win olympic medals?

I'm not sure.

Where were the 1970 olympics located?

I'm not sure.

Who was the first person from Munich to win medals in the olympics?

I'm not sure.

What medals did Yerevan's FC Ararat win in the 1952 olympics?

I'm not sure.

Who did Hrant Shahinyan beat in the Euro cup?

I'm not sure.


Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?

Armenian folk music

What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?

the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun

What kind of Armenian religious music is prevalent?

the Armenian chant

What did Mashtots do besides composing religious chants?

inventor of the Armenian alphabet

What was Aram Khatchaturian's career?

classical music composer

What did Saint Sabre invent?

I'm not sure.

What instruments is Aram Khatchaturian famous for playing?

I'm not sure.

What did Sayat Nova create the Sabre Dance for?

I'm not sure.

What did Sayat Nova create besides the Armenian alphabet?

I'm not sure.

Under who's rule did Mesrop Mashots become famous internationally?

I'm not sure.


The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 60s and 70s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. Also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. Ruben Hakobyan (Ruben Sasuntsi) is a well recognized Armenian ethnographic and patriotic folk singer who has achieved widespread national recognition due to his devotion to Armenian folk music and exceptional talent. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth.[citation needed] These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?

the traditional "kef" style

What instruments does 'kef' use?

Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments

What type of music does Sirusho perform?

pop music combined with Armenian folk music

What nationality is Charles Aznavour?

French-Armenian

What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?

System of a Down

What two pop artists became famous in Turkey the 40's and 50's?

I'm not sure.

What event was caused by French influence that led to widespread Armenian emigration?

I'm not sure.

What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?

I'm not sure.

Who is the most popular member of System of a Down?

I'm not sure.

What famous opera singers used the kef style?

I'm not sure.


Carpet-weaving is historically a major traditional profession for the majority of Armenian women, including many Armenian families. Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too. The oldest extant Armenian carpet from the region, referred to as Artsakh (see also Karabakh carpet) during the medieval era, is from the village of Banants (near Gandzak) and dates to the early 13th century. The first time that the Armenian word for carpet, gorg, was used in historical sources was in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh.

What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?

Carpet-weaving

When is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?

early 13th century

Where is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?

the village of Banants (near Gandzak)

What is 'gorg'?

the Armenian word for carpet

Where is the earliest known use of 'gorg'?

in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh

What is the Armenian word for weaving?

I'm not sure.

When was the first time the word for weaving was used?

I'm not sure.

What is the traditional profession of Kaptavians?

I'm not sure.

When was the earliest medieval church founded?

I'm not sure.

Where is the earliest medieval church from?

I'm not sure.


Art historian Hravard Hakobyan notes that "Artsakh carpets occupy a special place in the history of Armenian carpet-making." Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles. They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categories depending on what sort of animals were depicted on them, such as artsvagorgs (eagle-carpets), vishapagorgs (dragon-carpets) and otsagorgs (serpent-carpets). The rug mentioned in the Kaptavan inscriptions is composed of three arches, "covered with vegatative ornaments", and bears an artistic resemblance to the illuminated manuscripts produced in Artsakh.

What is Hakobyan's career?

Art historian

What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?

dragons and eagles

What are artsvagorgs?

eagle-carpets

What are vishapagorgs?

dragon-carpets

What are otsagorgs?

serpent-carpets

What is Artsakh's profession?

I'm not sure.

What two motifs were usually found in Kaptavian inscriptions?

I'm not sure.

What are the Hravard inscriptions composed of?

I'm not sure.

What are the Hravard inscriptions similar to?

I'm not sure.

What are manuscripts separated into depending on the animals on them?

I'm not sure.


Armenians enjoy many different native and foreign foods. Arguably the favorite food is khorovats an Armenian-styled barbecue. Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough. Other famous Armenian foods include the kabob (a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables), various dolmas (minced lamb, or beef meat and rice wrapped in grape leaves, cabbage leaves, or stuffed into hollowed vegetables), and pilaf, a rice dish. Also, ghapama, a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish, and many different salads are popular in Armenian culture. Fruits play a large part in the Armenian diet. Apricots (Prunus armeniaca, also known as Armenian Plum) have been grown in Armenia for centuries and have a reputation for having an especially good flavor. Peaches are popular as well, as are grapes, figs, pomegranates, and melons. Preserves are made from many fruits, including cornelian cherries, young walnuts, sea buckthorn, mulberries, sour cherries, and many others.

What is khorovats?

an Armenian-styled barbecue

What is lavash?

Armenian flat bread

What is paklava?

a popular dessert made from filo dough

What is a kabob?

a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables

What is ghapama?

a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish

What is the favorite fruit that is part of Armenian-style barbecue?

I'm not sure.

How long have cornelian cherries been grown in Armenia?

I'm not sure.

What reputation do cornelian cherries have?

I'm not sure.

What is a dish called that uses fruits, grapes and figs?

I'm not sure.

What is a popular grape leaf in Armenia?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.

What are the Jehovah Witnesses?

millenarian restorationist Christian denomination

What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?

mainstream Christianity

How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?

more than 8.2 million

Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?

Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses

Where are the group elders located?

Brooklyn, New York

How many Jehovah Witnesses adherents live in the United States?

I'm not sure.

Where was Jehovah Witnesses founded?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah Witnesses are involved in evangelism in the United States?

I'm not sure.

Where do Jehovah Witnesses believe Armageddon will get its start?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity. Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as "the truth" and consider themselves to be "in the truth". They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning. Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant.

What are Jehovah witnesses best known for?

their door-to-door preaching

What do Jehovah Witnesses refuse?

military service and blood transfusions

What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the name Jehovah vital for?

proper worship

Why do Jehovah Witnesses reject inherent immortality of the soul, hellfire and Trinitarianism?

they consider to be unscriptural doctrines

Why don't Jehovah Witnesses celebrate the usual holidays and customs?

they consider to have pagan origins

What  in one of the Christian religions that observes Christmas?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Christian religions that celebrates Easter?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Christian religions which believes in Trinitarianism?

I'm not sure.

Which a Christian religion that allows blood transfusions?

I'm not sure.

What is a religion that doesn't limit social interactions with non-believers?

I'm not sure.


In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?

Where did Russell and others form their group?

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

What was the purpose of Russell's group?

to study the Bible

When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?

Three Worlds

1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?

the Gentile Times

What was the name of a member in Charles Taze Russell's group in 1870?

I'm not sure.

What major event occurred in 1914?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nelson H. Barbour die?

I'm not sure.

What was one of the doctrinal differences that Russell and Barbour had?

I'm not sure.


From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings. As congregations continued to form during Russell's ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, and in 1884, Charles Taze Russell incorporated the society as a non-profit business to distribute tracts and Bibles. By about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred "pilgrims," or traveling preachers. Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States.

When did Watch Tower supporters gather as autonomous congregations to study the Bible?

From 1879

How many congregations were founded?

Thirty

When did Russell visit each of the congregations to provide the format he recommended to conduct their meetings?

during 1879 and 1880

What did the congregations which continued to form during Russell's ministry remain?

self-administrative

Who presided over Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881?

William Henry Conley

Who was the most distributed Christian author in the world in 1912?

I'm not sure.

Who presided over Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1900?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Charles Taze Russell die?

I'm not sure.

In what year did William Henry Conley die?

I'm not sure.

How many foreign missionaries did Charles Taze Russell appoint?

I'm not sure.


Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel. He identified the religious movement as "Bible Students," and more formally as the International Bible Students Association. By 1910, about 50,000 people worldwide were associated with the movement and congregations re-elected him annually as their "pastor." Russell died October 31, 1916, at the age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour.

When did Russell move the Society's headquarters to Brooklyn?

What did Russell combine at the headquarters?

printing and corporate offices with a house of worship

What was the name of the residence where volunteers were housed?

Bethel

How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910?

about 50,000 people

When did Russell die?

October 31, 1916

In what month in 1909 did Russell move the Watch Tower Societies headquarters to Brooklyn, New York?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Russell establish the International Bible Students Association?

I'm not sure.

How many people in the United States were associated with Jehovah's Witnesses as of 1910?

I'm not sure.

In what year had Russell established the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.

What was one of the cities on Russell's 1916 ministerial speaking tour?

I'm not sure.


In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a major turnover of members over the next decade. In June 1917, he released The Finished Mystery as a seventh volume of Russell's Studies in the Scriptures series. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher. It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War. As a result, Watch Tower Society directors were jailed for sedition under the Espionage Act in 1918 and members were subjected to mob violence; charges against the directors were dropped in 1920.

Who was elected as the Watch Tower Society's president in January of 1917?

Joseph Franklin Rutherford

What had Rutherford been before being elected the group's president?

legal representative

When did Rutherford release The Finished Mystery?

June 1917,

Who did the Finished Mystery strongly criticize?

Catholic and Protestant clergy

What were Watch Tower Society directors jailed for?

sedition

In what year did Joseph Franklin Rutherford become the legal representative of the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.

Who was one of the prominent people that disputed Joseph Franklin Rutherford becoming the Watch Tower Society president?

I'm not sure.

Who was one of the Board of Directors for the Watch Tower Society in 1917?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the first of Russells Studies in the Scriptures series first published?

I'm not sure.

Who was one of the Watch Tower Society's directors jailed for sedition in 1918?

I'm not sure.


Rutherford centralized organizational control of the Watch Tower Society. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Jewish patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year Kingdom. Disappointed by the changes, tens of thousands of defections occurred during the first half of Rutherford's tenure, leading to the formation of several Bible Student organizations independent of the Watch Tower Society, most of which still exist. By mid-1919, as many as one in seven of Russell-era Bible Students had ceased their association with the Society, and as many as two-thirds by the end of the 1920s.

What did Rutherford institute the appointment of in each congregation in 1919?

a director

What were all members instructed to report weekly to the Brooklyn headquarters?

preaching activity

Where as an international convention held in September of 1922?

Cedar Point, Ohio

What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention?

house-to-house preaching

How long was Rutherford's tenure as president of the Society?

twenty-five years

In what month in 1920 did Rutherford claim that some Jewish patriarchs would be resurrected in 1925?

I'm not sure.

How many people attended the Cedar Point, Ohio, convention of the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the first Bible Student organizations split from the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.


On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a "theocratic" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters.

When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?

July 26, 1931

What biblical passage was the name Jehovah's witnesses based on?

Isaiah 43:10

What system did Rutherford eliminate in 1932?

locally elected elders

Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from?

the Brooklyn headquarters

In what year did Rutherford take over leadership of the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.

How were local elders selected by the Jehovah's Witnesses between 1932 and 1938?

I'm not sure.

In what month in 1932 did Rutherford eliminate the system of locally elected elders?

I'm not sure.

In what month in 1938 did Rutherford introduce a new theocratic organizational structure?

I'm not sure.


From 1932, it was taught that the "little flock" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 "anointed" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the "great multitude," would live in a paradise restored on earth; from 1935, new converts to the movement were considered part of that class. By the mid-1930s, the timing of the beginning of Christ's presence (Greek: parousía), his enthronement as king, and the start of the "last days" were each moved to 1914.

From when was it taught that the little flock would not be the only people to survive Armageddon?

What was the number of the little flock set at?

Where would the great multitude live?

a paradise restored on earth

All new converts to the movmeent since 1935 were considered part of what class?

great multitude

When was the start of the last days moved to in the mid-1930s?

In what year was Armageddon to occur according to Rutherford?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there as of 1935?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses had there been in 1914?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Rutherford die?

I'm not sure.


Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training programs for members, and expanded missionary activity and branch offices throughout the world. Knorr's presidency was also marked by an increasing use of explicit instructions guiding Witnesses in their lifestyle and conduct, and a greater use of congregational judicial procedures to enforce a strict moral code.

Who was appointed as the third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942?

Nathan Knorr

What did Knorr commission?

a new translation of the Bible

When was the full version of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures released?

in 1961

What was Knorr's presidency marked by the increasing use of?

explicit instructions guiding Witnesses

What was greater use of congregational judicial procedures used to enforce?

a strict moral code

In what year did Nathan Knorr commission a new translation of the Bible?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nathan Knorr organize his first international assembly?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nathan Knorr start demanding Jehovah's Witnesses start following a strict moral code?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nathan Knorr issue general instructions to guide Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Nathan Knorr introduce his first new training program?

I'm not sure.


From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members exceeded two million. Membership declined during the late 1970s after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong. Watch Tower Society literature did not state dogmatically that 1975 would definitely mark the end, but in 1980 the Watch Tower Society admitted its responsibility in building up hope regarding that year.

From 1966, what did Witness publications and conventions think would happen in late 1975?

Christ's thousand-year reign

How many baptisms were there in 1974?

more than 297,000

How many active members were there in 1975?

two million

Why did membership decline in the late 1970s?

after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong

What did the Watch Tower Society admit in 1980?

its responsibility in building up hope

In what year did Witnesses decide to put off Armageddon until late 1975 instead of their earlier year?

I'm not sure.

How many Witnesses were baptized in 1975?

I'm not sure.

How many Witnesses were there in the United States in 1966?

I'm not sure.

What was one of the major changes that occurred in 1975?

I'm not sure.

How many Witnesses were there in 1980?

I'm not sure.


The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the "generation".

When was the offices of restored to the Witness congregations?

Starting in September 2014, who was responsible for making appointments in the Church?

traveling overseers

In 1976 whose power in Watch Tower Society was diminished?

president

When did Knorr die?

Who has been president of the Society since 2000?

Don A. Adams

In what year did branch committees start to make appointments?

I'm not sure.

Who was one of the members of the Governing Body in 1977?

I'm not sure.

Who was one of the members of the Governing Body in 1995?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a "theocratic organization", reflecting their belief that it is God's "visible organization" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and "spokesman" for God's "faithful and discreet slave class" (approximately 10,000 self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the "faithful and discreet slave" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief.

How are Jehovah Witnesses organized?

hierarchically

What does the theocratic organization of Jehovah Witnesses reflect on Earth?

God's "visible organization"

What gender are all the members of the Governing Body?

male

How many members does the Governing Body consist of?

seven

Who does the Governing Body direct?

several committees

How many Governing Body members were there in late 2012?

I'm not sure.

How many self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses were there as of 2012 in the United States?

I'm not sure.

How many traveling overseers are there?

I'm not sure.

How many circuits of congregations make up the Jehovah's Witnesses organization?

I'm not sure.

How many "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses were there as of 2014?

I'm not sure.


Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches. New elders are appointed by a traveling overseer after recommendation by the existing body of elders. Ministerial servants—appointed in a similar manner to elders—fulfill clerical and attendant duties, but may also teach and conduct meetings. Witnesses do not use elder as a title to signify a formal clergy-laity division, though elders may employ ecclesiastical privilege such as confession of sins.

What does each congregation have?

a body of appointed unpaid male elders

Whose responsibility is it to conduct meetings and decide action for cases involving sexual misconduct?

Elders

Who appoints new elders?

a traveling overseer

What does the title of elder not signify?

a formal clergy-laity division

What ecclesiastical privilege may elders employ?

confession of sins

Who sets teaching times?

I'm not sure.

Who does public preaching work?

I'm not sure.

What is the title used for ministerial servants?

I'm not sure.

Who among the Witnesses does formal clergy-laity?

I'm not sure.

Who appoints traveling overseers?

I'm not sure.


Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization," though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization." Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization,"[note 2] stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon.

What is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses?

Baptism

What aren't considered valid when performed by other denominations?

previous baptisms

What do Witness publications say baptism symbolizes a person's personal dedication to?

God

Jehovah Witnesses' literature puts emphasis on the obedience to not only Jehovah but also to his what?

organization

Individuals must remain Jehovah Witnesses if they wish to receive what from God?

favor

At what age does a Jehovah's Witness do baptism?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of one of the Jehovah's Witnesses publications?

I'm not sure.

What do people undergoing baptism affirm privately?

I'm not sure.

Will an unbaptized infant survive or not if a sudden Armageddon were to occur?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose, and that such enlightenment or "new light" results from the application of reason and study, the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern "deep truths", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide "divine guidance" through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah."

What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?

first-century Christianity

Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah Witnesses?

the Governing Body

Where does the Governing Body express its doctrinal position?

through publications published by the Watch Tower Society

How does God reveal his will and purpose?

gradually

What is the Jehovah Witnesses' leadership said to provide?

divine guidance

What is one of the publications put out by the Watch Tower Society?

I'm not sure.

What religion claims their top official is infallible?

I'm not sure.

What did first-century Christians call themselves?

I'm not sure.

Whose decision was it that members of the Governing Body have "deep truths" imparted to them by the holy spirit?

I'm not sure.


The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the religion concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible. Regular personal Bible reading is frequently recommended; Witnesses are discouraged from formulating doctrines and "private ideas" reached through Bible research independent of Watch Tower Society publications, and are cautioned against reading other religious literature. Adherents are told to have "complete confidence" in the leadership, avoid skepticism about what is taught in the Watch Tower Society's literature, and "not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding." The religion makes no provision for members to criticize or contribute to official teachings and all Witnesses must abide by its doctrines and organizational requirements.

What is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God?

The entire Protestant canon

What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the science and history within the Bible to be?

accurate

Whose pronouncements within Jehovah Witnesses group are considered to carry almost as much weight as the Bible?

the Governing Body

What are members of Jehovah Witnesses cautioned against reading?

other religious literature

What is there no provision for members of the Jehovah Witnesses to do in relation to the official teachings?

criticize or contribute

Who is the outside foremost authority on Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

How often do many Jehovah's Witnesses read other religions literature?

I'm not sure.

What religion gives their adherents a lot of leeway in regards to abiding by its doctrines?

I'm not sure.

How often does Watch Tower Society put out publications nowadays?

I'm not sure.

In what publication was Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of Jehovah's Witnesses published?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross. They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael, Abaddon (Apollyon), and the Word all refer to Jesus. Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity, and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom. His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement.

Who do Jehovah Witnesses believe is God's only direct creation?

Jesus

What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for?

the sins of humanity

What do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus died on rather than a traditional cross?

a single upright post

Jesus is considered to be the only what between God and humanity?

intercessor and high priest

What biblical passage outlines Jesus' role as a mediator?

1 Timothy 2:5

What Christian religion believes Jesus died on a cross?

I'm not sure.

What do Catholics think God created?

I'm not sure.

Who do Catholics think Archangel Michael is?

I'm not sure.

Which religion believes people are free of original sin?

I'm not sure.

Who do Catholics think Abaddon is?

I'm not sure.


Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium.

Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?

a "little flock"

Where will God resurrected the "other sheep" after Armageddon?

a cleansed earth

Jehovah Witnesses interrupted Revelation 14:1-5 to limit heaven goers to exactly what number?

Who is the final Judge of whether Jehovah Witnesses get to survive Armageddon?

God

What will people need to study for during Christ's millennial reign?

their final test at the end of the millennium

How many Jehovah Witnesses exist today?

I'm not sure.

How many Christians go to heaven according to Catholics?

I'm not sure.

What do most Protestant religions believe in regards to how many people get to go to heaven?

I'm not sure.

How many "other sheep" get to be resurrected by God after the Armageddon according to Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe that God's kingdom is a literal government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 "spirit-anointed" Christians drawn from the earth, which they associate with Jesus' reference to a "new covenant". The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, transforming it into a paradise without sickness or death. It is said to have been the focal point of Jesus' ministry on earth. They believe the kingdom was established in heaven in 1914, and that Jehovah's Witnesses serve as representatives of the kingdom on earth.

What do Jehovah Witnesses believe of God's kingdom?

a literal government in heaven

Who rules with Jesus Christ in heaven according to Jehovah Witnesses?

144,000 "spirit-anointed" Christians

What do the Jehovah Witnesses believe God will use the kingdom in heaven for?

accomplish his original purpose for the earth

What will the Earth be transformed into?

a paradise without sickness or death

When do Jehovah Witnesses believe the kingdom of heaven was established?

How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in 1914?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses are there now?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses get to serve as Jesus's reps on Earth at any given time?

I'm not sure.

How many people will get to live in a paradise free of sickness and death according to Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.


A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year?

What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?

false

Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?

the United Nations

Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon?

Satan

What will be the end result of God's kingdom?

a fully tested, glorified human race

In what year was the United Nations formed?

I'm not sure.

Where does everyone go who isn't destroyed along with Satan and his demons?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Jehovah's Witnesses religion get formed?

I'm not sure.

How many demons will Satan be leading?

I'm not sure.

What happens to those who died during God's intervention?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of "signs". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as "coming" when referring to Christ—as "presence". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the "second coming" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans.

On what date do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus Christ began his rule as a king in God's kingdom?

October 1914

What happened to Satan when Jesus started his rule?

ousted from heaven

How do Jehovah Witnesses believe that Jesus rules?

invisibly

How is the Greek word parousia translated when referring to Christ?

"coming"

When will Jesus' presence end?

when he comes to bring a final judgment

In what month of 1914 was Satan tossed out of heaven?

I'm not sure.

What do most Greek scholars think "presence" translates to in Greek?

I'm not sure.

How do Jehovah's Witnesses think Satan appears to people on Earth since 1914?

I'm not sure.

When do Jehovah's Witnesses now think Armageddon is going to strike?

I'm not sure.


Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are largely devoted to study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible. The format of the meetings is established by the religion's headquarters, and the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide. Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (three meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for "family worship". Gatherings are opened and closed with kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers. Twice each year, Witnesses from a number of congregations that form a "circuit" gather for a one-day assembly. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day "regional convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death" on the date of the Jewish Passover.

Where do Jehovah Witnesses meet for worship and study?

Kingdom Halls

How are Jehovah Witnesses assigned to congregations?

"territory" they usually reside

What do Jehovah Witnesses refer to their weekly services as?

meetings

How often did Jehovah Witnesses congregations meet prior to 2009?

three times each week

What are Jehovah Witnesses' gatherings opened and closed with?

songs (hymns) and brief prayers

How many witnesses are there at each Kingdom Hall?

I'm not sure.

How many "circuits" are there of Kingdom Halls?

I'm not sure.

What takes place during "family worship" typically?

I'm not sure.

How many regular meetings does each Kingdom Hall have during the Jehovah's Witnesses annual three-day "regional convention"?

I'm not sure.

Prior to 2009 how many Kingdom Hall meeting were held during the weekends?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?

their efforts to spread their beliefs

How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?

What is the objective of Jehovah Witnesses' door to door ministry?

start a regular "Bible study"

When are Jehovah Witnesses advised to discontinue Bibles studies with students?

show no interest in becoming members

What are baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching termed as?

irregular

How many doors does the average Jehovah's Witnesses knock on each month?

I'm not sure.

What do most people do when a Jehovah's Witness knocks on their door?

I'm not sure.

What happens to a Jehovah's Witness that is determined to be "inactive"?

I'm not sure.

How many people are baptized as a Jehovah's Witness each year?

I'm not sure.


Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms "absolute endangerment of spirituality" are considered grounds for legal separation.

What is Jehovah Witnesses' view of divorce?

discouraged

What is an acceptable grounds for divorce for a Jehovah Witness?

adultery

What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery?

adulterous

Jehovah Witnesses will allow what in the event of extreme physical abuse or absolute endangerment of spirituality?

legal separation

What is remarriage considered as by most modern Protestant people?

I'm not sure.

If a person suffers extreme physical abuse by their spouse what do most Protestant religions allow for?

I'm not sure.

In most Christian religions willfully non-supporting one's family will result in what?

I'm not sure.

When is remarriage encouraged by Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.


Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that "losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah." The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.[note 4]

Who administers formal discipline?

congregation elders

What is formed when a baptized member is accused of doing something serious enough for Jehovah Witnesses to take notice?

a judicial committee

What is the strongest form of discipline the Jehovah Witnesses' judicial committee can render?

Disfellowshipping

What are Jehovah Witnesses taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals does?

keeps the congregation free from immoral influence

What do Jehovah Witnesses describe anyone who formally resign from the church as?

wicked

How is informal discipline meted out by Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

What happens if an unbaptized member, due to age, is accused of committing a serious sin?

I'm not sure.

Who do members that disassociate from Witnesses get to continue interacting with?

I'm not sure.

How long does Marking last if someone has willfully violated a Bible principle but didn't commit a serious sin?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. Jehovah's Witnesses are taught that it is vital to remain "separate from the world." The Witnesses' literature defines the "world" as "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. Witnesses are taught that association with "worldly" people presents a "danger" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality.

Why do Jehovah Witnesses believe the Bible condemns mixing of religions?

can only be one truth from God

What do Jehovah Witnesses believe is true of their religion and their religion alone?

represents true Christianity

What are Jehovah Witnesses taught it's vital to remain?

"separate from the world."

What does Jehovah Witnesses define the "world" to mean?

"the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants"

What are Jehovah Witnesses taught association with worldly people presents to their faith?

danger

What Protestant religion is open to talking with outsiders?

I'm not sure.

What Protestant religion encourage interacting with the broader world?

I'm not sure.

What Protestant group is fine with the mixing of religions?

I'm not sure.

What Protestant group thinks there can be many truths from God?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, nationalistic holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. Their position is that these traditional holidays reflect Satan's control over the world. Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.

Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven?

Christ

What do Jehovah Witnesses remain politically?

neutral

What are Jehovah Witnesses discouraged from doing?

voting

Why do Jehovah Witnesses forego religious holidays and birthdays or other celebrations?

they consider to honor people other than Jesus

What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect?

Satan's control over the world

What Protestant group encourages their members to celebrate Easter?

I'm not sure.

What Protestant religion encourages members to vote in elections?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions that thinks it's fun to celebrate their kid's birthdays?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions that thinks celebrating things other than Jesus are ok?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions that enjoys celebrating Christmas with one another?

I'm not sure.


They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.

What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?

associated with the military

What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?

their arrest and imprisonment

What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?

a worldwide brotherhood

What profession is Ronald Lawson?

Sociologist

What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?

intellectual and organizational isolation

Who is one of the most prominent outside supporters of Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

Who suggested that Jehovah's Witnesses live socially healthy lives free of paranoia about others not of their religion?

I'm not sure.

What religion is Sociologist Ronald Lawson?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religion which is fine with their members joining the military?

I'm not sure.

What are United Methodists allowed to do?

I'm not sure.


Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in "a life-or-death situation". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.

What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?

Acts 15:28, 29

What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?

willing acceptance of a blood transfusion

What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?

non-blood alternatives

What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?

information

What is one of the Protestant religions who don't see blood transfusions as a big deal?

I'm not sure.

When was the first non-blood alternative developed for blood transfusions?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses have died in the past decade due to their refusal of blood transfusions?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses have been expelled in the past decade for accepting a blood transfusion?

I'm not sure.


Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.

What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion?

blood plasma fractions

What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?

major blood components

What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS?

allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept

What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?

Hospital Liaison Committees

The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who?

individual Jehovah's Witnesses

What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions?

I'm not sure.

Who decides what the limit is for allowable fractions of blood plasma fractions?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take?

I'm not sure.

Who do most Witnesses get guidance from in regards to how much blood plasma fractions they are willing to accept?

I'm not sure.


As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and "Bible study" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publishers has increased from 4.5 million to 8.2 million. In the same year, they conducted "Bible studies" with over 9.7 million individuals, including those conducted by Witness parents with their children. Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their current worldwide growth rate to be 1.5% per year.

What term do Jehovah's Witnesses use for members actively involved in preaching?

publishers

How many publishers did the Jehovah's Witnesses have as of August 2015?

8.2 million

How many congregations did the Jehovah's Witnesses have in 2015?

Over how many hours had Jehovah's Witnesses spent preaching and in "Bible study" activity in 2015?

1.93 billion

What do Jehovah's Witnesses their worldwide growth rate to be?

1.5% per year

How many preaching members of the Witnesses are there in the United States?

I'm not sure.

How many children were involved in "Bible studies" in 2015?

I'm not sure.

How fast was Jehovah's Witnesses growing in the mid-1990s per year?

I'm not sure.

How much time was spent in just preaching time since 2015?

I'm not sure.

How much time was spent in just "Bible study" since 2015?

I'm not sure.


The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, only about half of those who self-identified as Jehovah's Witnesses in independent demographic studies are considered active by the faith itself. The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey found a low retention rate among members of the religion: about 37% of people raised in the religion continued to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses.

Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?

those who submit reports for their personal ministry

Only about half all Jehovah's Witnesses are actually considered what in the faith itself?

active

What did a 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey discover about Jehovah's Witnesses' retention rate?

low

Only about what percentage of the people raised in the religion continue to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses?

According to a 2008 US Pew Forum report how many Protestants identify as still active in the faith they grew up in?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of people who join the Jehovah's Witnesses as an adult end up being considered as inactive?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Jehovah's Witnesses end up getting disfellowshipped?

I'm not sure.

In what year did US Pew Forum issue their first Religion & Public Life survey?

I'm not sure.


Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).

What is the profession of James A. Beckford?

Sociologist

When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?

What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?

Totalizing

What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?

absolutism

What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?

world indifference

Who issued a positive report about Jehovah's Witnesses in 1975?

I'm not sure.

What is a profession that Jehovah's Witnesses aren't allowed to do?

I'm not sure.

When was the last time there was a doctrinal change for Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

In what year did James A. Beckford graduate from college?

I'm not sure.

Who claimed there was a low rate of turnover among Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.


A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics.

Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what?

high school graduation

Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services?

reading

What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance?

Jehovah's Witnesses

Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all?

politics

What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn?

a graduate degree

The members of what religion have a lot of university degrees?

I'm not sure.

Educational aspiration is a hallmark of what Protestant religion?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions that encourages people to be engaged in politics?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions that is realistic about the time commitment of their members to their religion?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the Protestant religions open to the ideas of other people?

I'm not sure.


Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned. Of those, 2000 were sent to Nazi concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles; as many as 1200 died, including 250 who were executed. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent. In the former Soviet Union, about 9,300 Jehovah's Witnesses were deported to Siberia as part of Operation North in April 1951. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam and some Islamic states.

What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses?

Political and religious animosity

Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?

doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military

Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned?

What were Jehovah's Witnesses identified by in Nazi concentration camps?

purple triangles

What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses?

China, Vietnam and some Islamic states

How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in Canada at the start of World War II?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in the Soviet Union at the start of World War II?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses died in the Soviet Union during World War II?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses escaped Germany during World War II?

I'm not sure.

How many Jehovah's Witnesses are there thought to be in China today?

I'm not sure.


Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines.

Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?

authorities and other religions

What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity?

Whalen, Harrison and Schnell

What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world?

evidence of the truth of their struggle

What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?

controversy

What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?

jail

In what decade did author William Whalen die?

I'm not sure.

In what decade did author Shawn Francis Peters die?

I'm not sure.

What religious leader of the 1930s and 1940s would never have been suspected of using his members arrests to garner more disaffected members?

I'm not sure.

In what decade did Barbara Grizzuti Harrison escape the Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.

In what decade  did Alan Rogerson get out of the Jehovah's Witnesses?

I'm not sure.


In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse. Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.

What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?

reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties

What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?

federal and state

What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?

patriotic rituals and military service

What do patients have the right to refuse?

medical treatment

Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.?

Canada

What was one of the countries that the Jehovah's Witnesses lost a bunch of civil liberties lawsuits?

I'm not sure.

Besides the US what other country has the Jehovah's Witnesses lost lawsuits about such things as the right to refuse medical treatment?

I'm not sure.

Has the Witnesses won more federal or state lawsuits?

I'm not sure.

Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from patriotic rituals?

I'm not sure.

Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from military service?

I'm not sure.


Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".

Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?

the Governing Body

What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?

dissent

What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?

expelled and shunned

Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?

part of "God's organization"

Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?

Satan the Devil

What religion accommodates members who question its teachings?

I'm not sure.

What religion encourages its adherents to think critically?

I'm not sure.

What religion treats those who want to engage in independent thinking in a loving way?

I'm not sure.

What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches?

I'm not sure.