The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.

In what year was a Master of Arts course first offered at Notre Dame?

The granting of Doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at Notre Dame?

What type of degree is an M.Div.?

Master of Divinity

Which department at Notre Dame is the only one to not offer a PhD program?

Department of Pre-Professional Studies

Which program at Notre Dame offers a Master of Education degree?

Alliance for Catholic Education


The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.

What institute at Notre Dame studies  the reasons for violent conflict?

Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies

In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded?

To whom was John B. Kroc married?

Ray Kroc

What is the title of Notre Dame's Theodore Hesburgh?

President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame

What company did Ray Kroc own?

McDonald's


The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.

How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame?

What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame?

Theodore M. Hesburgh Library

In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished?

Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library?

Millard Sheets

What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame?

Touchdown Jesus


The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country.

In what year did the opening of a theology library at Notre Dame occur?

Where is the theology library at Notre Dame?

the first floor of Stanford Hall

How many books are held by the Notre Dame libraries?

over three million volumes

Currently where does Notre Dame's library rank in the nation?

one of the 100 largest


Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.

What percentage of students were admitted to Notre Dame in fall 2015?

How many incoming students did Notre Dame admit in fall 2015?

Where does Notre Dame rank in terms of academic profile among research universities in the US?

the top 10 to 15 in the nation

What percentage of students at Notre Dame participated in the Early Action program?

How many miles does the average student at Notre Dame travel to study there?

more than 750 miles


In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.

Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings?

18th overall

In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities?

USA Today

Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities?

The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek?

1st overall

What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad?


Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.

What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?

Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C.

What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame?

Professor of Chemistry and Physics

What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm?

What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame?

the Science Department

What book did John Zahm write in 1896?

Evolution and Dogma


In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. Study of nuclear physics at the university began with the building of a nuclear accelerator in 1936, and continues now partly through a partnership in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics.

What did the brother of John Zahm construct at Notre Dame?

an early wind tunnel

In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame?

Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA?

Professor Jerome Green

In what year did Jerome Green send his first wireless message?

Around 1899

Which individual worked on projects at Notre Dame that eventually created neoprene?

Father Julius Nieuwland


The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics.

Work on a germ-free-life ended up in the creation of which Notre Dame institute?

The Lobund Institute

When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?

Around what time did Lobund of Notre Dame become independent?

the 1940s

In what year did Lobund at Notre Dame become an Institute?

The Lobund Institute was merged into the Department of Biology at Notre Dame in what year?


The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.

Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame?

The Review of Politics

What was the Review of Politics inspired by?

German Catholic journals

Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame?

Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame?

Review of Politics


The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.

What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?

The rise of Hitler and other dictators

From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?

Germany

What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?

classics and law

Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?

Max Scheler

What was Ivan Meštrović known for being?

a renowned sculptor


As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.

Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012?

John Jenkins

The Kellogg Institute for International Studies is part of which university?

Notre Dame

What does the Kroc Institute at Notre Dame focus on?

International Peace studies

In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index?

What threat does the Global Adaptation Index study?

climate change


In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which "Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative." It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where "Everyone Plays Intramural Sports." The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.

How many undergrads were attending Notre Dame in 2014?

What percentage of students at Notre Dame are the children of former Notre Dame students?

How many teams participate in the Notre Dame Bookstore Basketball tournament?

over 700

For what cause is money raised at the Bengal Bouts tournament at Notre Dame?

the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh

How many students in total were at Notre Dame in 2014?


About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.

What percentage of undergrads live on the Notre Dame campus?

How many student housing areas are reserved for Notre Dame's graduate students?

four

How many dorms for males are on the Notre Dame campus?

What amount of the graduate student body at Notre Dame live on the campus?

There are how many dorms for females at Notre Dame?


The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.

What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin?

Congregatio a Sancta Cruce

What percentage of Notre Dame students feel they are Christian?

more than 93%

How often is Catholic mass held at Notre Dame in a week?

over 100 times

How many chapels are on the Notre Dame campus?

Fifty-seven

What amount of the student body of Notre Dame identifies as Catholic?

over 80%


Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

What sits on top of the Main Building at Notre Dame?

a golden statue of the Virgin Mary

What is in front of the Notre Dame Main Building?

a copper statue of Christ

The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure?

the Main Building

What is the Grotto at Notre Dame?

a Marian place of prayer and reflection

To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?

Saint Bernadette Soubirous


The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.

Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?

Rome

What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross?

Moreau Seminary

What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame?

Old College

What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame?

Retired priests and brothers

Which prize did Frederick Buechner create?

Buechner Prize for Preaching


As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.

How many student news papers are found at Notre Dame?

three

When did the Scholastic Magazine of Notre dame begin publishing?

September 1876

How often is Notre Dame's the Juggler published?

twice

What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called?

The Observer

In what year did the student paper Common Sense begin publication at Notre Dame?


The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, and alternative rock to the airwaves. Another radio station, WVFI, began as a partner of WSND-FM. More recently, however, WVFI has been airing independently and is streamed on the Internet.

Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame?

NDtv

How many programs did NDtv feature in 2002?

one show

Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM?

WSND-FM

Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream?

WVFI


The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.

How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost?

$215 million

When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame?

June 3, 2008

Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?

Kite Realty

Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons?

the City of South Bend

There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom?

non-union workers


Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.

What does the acronym NCAA stand for?

National Collegiate Athletic Association

Which league did Notre Dame Fighting Irish teams participate in in 1982?

Horizon League

What when conference do the Notre Dame fencing teams take part in?

Midwest Fencing Conference

There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it?

Hockey East

In what conference did the Fighting Irish take part in in 2012?

Big East Conference


Notre Dame's conference affiliations for all of its sports except football and fencing changed in July 2013 as a result of major conference realignment, and its fencing affiliation will change in July 2014. The Irish left the Big East for the ACC during a prolonged period of instability in the Big East; while they maintain their football independence, they have committed to play five games per season against ACC opponents. In ice hockey, the Irish were forced to find a new conference home after the Big Ten Conference's decision to add the sport in 2013–14 led to a cascade of conference moves that culminated in the dissolution of the school's former hockey home, the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, after the 2012–13 season. Notre Dame moved its hockey team to Hockey East. After Notre Dame joined the ACC, the conference announced it would add fencing as a sponsored sport beginning in the 2014–15 school year. There are many theories behind the adoption of the athletics moniker but it is known that the Fighting Irish name was used in the early 1920s with respect to the football team and was popularized by alumnus Francis Wallace in his New York Daily News columns. The official colors of Notre Dame are Navy Blue and Gold Rush which are worn in competition by its athletic teams. In addition, the color green is often worn because of the Fighting Irish nickname. The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the mascot of the athletic teams. Created by Theodore W. Drake in 1964, the leprechaun was first used on the football pocket schedule and later on the football program covers. The leprechaun was featured on the cover of Time in November 1964 and gained national exposure.

To what conference did the Fighting Irish go after the Big East?

the ACC

How many teams in each season do the Fighting Irish commit to play against ACC opponents?

five

Where did the Fighting Irish hockey team compete prior to a move to Hockey East, in terms of conference?

Central Collegiate Hockey Association

What colors are the official ones used by Notre Dame in sport competition?

Navy Blue and Gold Rush

What type of mascot do the Notre Dame sport teams have?

Leprechaun


On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.

Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams?

Under Armour

What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame?

almost $100 million

When did the Notre Dame marching band form?

What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band?

oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States

What is the Notre Dame fight song?

Notre Dame Victory March


The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.

Which team did Notre Dame's football team find inspiration from?

Michigan Wolverines football team

In what year did Notre Dame football begin?

What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners?

Ohio State University

Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh?

USC

In terms of Notre Dame students in the College Football Hall of Fame the amount of students named is what ?

the most


George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.

What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920?

George Gipp

Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to "win one for the Gipper?"

the Army team

Which person portrayed Knute Rockne in the 1940 movie "Knute Rockne?"

Pat O'Brien

Ronald Reagan played the role of whom in 1940's "Knute Rockne?"

Gipp

How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium?


Football gameday traditions During home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. Zahm House's two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers' Circle. This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish and ushers in the rest of the festivities that will continue the rest of the gameday Saturday. Later that day, the trumpet section will play the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater under the dome. The band entire will play a concert at the steps of Bond Hall, from where they will march into Notre Dame Stadium, leading fans and students alike across campus to the game.

What is displayed at Zahm House for football home games at Notre Dame?

two-story banner

What occurs at midnight preceding a football home game at Notre Dame?

the Drummers' Circle

From where does the Band of the Fighting Irish lead a march to the Notre Dame Stadium for football home games?

the steps of Bond Hall

What songs does the trumpet section of the Band of the Fighting Irish play preceding home football games?

the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater

On what day do Notre Dame home football games occur?

Saturday


The men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 NCAA tournaments. Former player Austin Carr holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61. Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice. The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending UCLA's record 88-game winning streak in 1974. The team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team. The team plays in newly renovated Purcell Pavilion (within the Edmund P. Joyce Center), which reopened for the beginning of the 2009–2010 season. The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at Notre Dame, has achieved a 332-165 record. In 2009 they were invited to the NIT, where they advanced to the semifinals but were beaten by Penn State who went on and beat Baylor in the championship. The 2010–11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country, with a record of 25–5, Brey's fifth straight 20-win season, and a second-place finish in the Big East. During the 2014-15 season, the team went 32-6 and won the ACC conference tournament, later advancing to the Elite 8, where the Fighting Irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated Kentucky. Led by NBA draft picks Jerian Grant and Pat Connaughton, the Fighting Irish beat the eventual national champion Duke Blue Devils twice during the season. The 32 wins were the most by the Fighting Irish team since 1908-09.

How many wins does the Notre Dame men's basketball team have?

over 1,600

How many schools have a similar men's basketball record to Notre Dame in terms of wins?

How many NCAA tournaments did the Notre Dame men's basketball team take part in?

Which Notre Dame men's basketball player has the record for more points in one game?

Austin Carr

Who was the Notre Dame men's basketball coach in 2014?

Mike Brey


The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revised in the 1920s; it first appeared under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame in 1928. The chorus is, "Cheer cheer for old Notre Dame, wake up the echos cheering her name. Send a volley cheer on high, shake down the thunder from the sky! What though the odds be great or small, old Notre Dame will win over all. While her loyal sons are marching, onward to victory!"

Who wrote the original lyrics to the Notre Dame Victory March?

John F. Shea

In what year did Michael J. Shea graduate from Notre Dame?

Who is responsible for writing the music for "Notre Dame Victory March?"

Rev. Michael J. Shea

In what year did "Notre Dame Victory March" get copyrighted?

To where are the loyal sons in "Notre Dame Fight Song" marching?

onward to victory


In the film Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne (played by Pat O'Brien) delivers the famous "Win one for the Gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the "Notre Dame Victory March". George Gipp was played by Ronald Reagan, whose nickname "The Gipper" was derived from this role. This scene was parodied in the movie Airplane! with the same background music, only this time honoring George Zipp, one of Ted Striker's former comrades. The song also was prominent in the movie Rudy, with Sean Astin as Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger, who harbored dreams of playing football at the University of Notre Dame despite significant obstacles.

Ronald Reagan had a nickname, what was it?

The Gipper

In what film did a parody of the "Win one for the Gipper" speech appear?

Airplane!

Who starred as Daniel Ruettiger in the film Rudy?

Sean Astin

Which person was a former comrade to Ted Striker in the film Airplane!?

George Zipp

Pat O'Brien portrayed which person in the film Knute Rockne?

Knute Rockne


Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.

Which Secretary of State attended Notre Dame?

Condoleezza Rice

Which Notre Dame alum from the College of Science won a Nobel Prize?

Eric F. Wieschaus

Who is the current president of Notre Dame?

Rev. John Jenkins

Mariel Zagunis is notable for winning what?

Olympic gold

Which notable astronaut is known to have attended Notre Dame?

Jim Wetherbee


Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.

What is anthropology a study of?

humans and their societies

What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world?

social

What investigates the influence of language in social life?

linguistic anthropology

What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism?

physical

Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology?

United States

What is the study of human history?

I'm not sure.

What are the main subdivisions of history?

I'm not sure.

What studies the influence of societies on social life?

I'm not sure.

what studies the influince of other organisms on humans?

I'm not sure.

What does the United States view as a discipline in its own right?

I'm not sure.


Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1838 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.

Who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man?

Étienne Serres

When was anthropology used as a term for comparative anatomy?

When was a chair created for anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History?

Where is the National Museum of Natural History located?

France

What organization was formed by members whose primary objective was the abolishment of slavery?

Société Ethnologique de Paris

What did Etienne Serres describe in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

Where was a chair in anthropology and ethnography created in 1838?

I'm not sure.

Who created a chair in anthropology and ethnography in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

What group first used the term Ethnology in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

What society abolised slavery in France?

I'm not sure.


Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. Theorists in such diverse fields as anatomy, linguistics, and Ethnology, making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, were beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them then. For them, the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect. Darwin himself arrived at his conclusions through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild.

What is anthropology the intellectual results of?

comparative methods

What were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages?

similarities

What did the theorists suspect these patterns were the result of?

processes or laws unknown to them then

What was Darwin's On The Origin of Species for theorists?

epiphany

How did Darwin arrive at his conclusions?

comparison of species

What is the result of methods developed in the 1900's

I'm not sure.

What methods were developed in the 1900's?

I'm not sure.

Who was begining to suspect diffrences between animals, languages and folkways?

I'm not sure.

Who contradicted the supisions of other theorists?

I'm not sure.


Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. Paul Broca in Paris was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies, the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, meeting for the first time in Paris in 1859.[n 4] When he read Darwin he became an immediate convert to Transformisme, as the French called evolutionism. His definition now became "the study of the human group, considered as a whole, in its details, and in relation to the rest of nature".

When did Wallace and Darwin unveil the theory of evolution?

late 1850s.

What was there a rush to do with the theory of evolution?

bring it into the social sciences

Where did Paul Broca reside?

Paris

What organization was Broca in the process of disentangling himself from?

Société de biologie

What did the French call evolutionism?

Transformisme

Who unveiled evolution in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

Who broke away from the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris?

I'm not sure.

Who formed the Societe de biologie?

I'm not sure.

What did Broca redefine Transformisme to?

I'm not sure.


Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech. He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him. His interest was mainly in Biological anthropology, but a German philosopher specializing in psychology, Theodor Waitz, took up the theme of general and social anthropology in his six-volume work, entitled Die Anthropologie der Naturvölker, 1859–1864. The title was soon translated as "The Anthropology of Primitive Peoples". The last two volumes were published posthumously.

If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?

neurosurgeon

What particularly interested Broca?

the pathology of speech

What did Broca discover in the human brain?

speech center

What did the German philosopher Waitz specialize in?

psychology

How many volumes was Waitz work?

six

What did Broca leave neurosurgery to study?

I'm not sure.

Where did Broca think the similarity between man and other animals resided?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote a six-volume work on Biological anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What did Waitz write in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.


Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men".

How did Waitz define anthropology?

the science of the nature of man

What philosophical perspective did Waitz hold?

an animist

What would anthropology use to differentiate man from the animals nearest him?

comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology

What did Waitz stress that the data of comparison must be?

empirical

What history was to be brought into the comparison?

civilization

How did Broca define anthropology?

I'm not sure.

How did Broca define nature?

I'm not sure.

who followed Waitz lead and pointed out anthropology was a new field?

I'm not sure.

What was to be compared to civilizations?

I'm not sure.


Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists. In 1863 the explorer Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt broke away from the Ethnological Society of London to form the Anthropological Society of London, which henceforward would follow the path of the new anthropology rather than just ethnology. It was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence. Representatives from the French Société were present, though not Broca. In his keynote address, printed in the first volume of its new publication, The Anthropological Review, Hunt stressed the work of Waitz, adopting his definitions as a standard.[n 5] Among the first associates were the young Edward Burnett Tylor, inventor of cultural anthropology, and his brother Alfred Tylor, a geologist. Previously Edward had referred to himself as an ethnologist; subsequently, an anthropologist.

Who was Waitz influential among?

British ethnologists

In what year did Richard Francis Burton break away from the Ethnological Society of London?

What path of exploration did the Anthropological Society of London follow?

anthropology

Representatives from where were present in the Anthropological Society of London?

French Société

Whose work did Hunt stress in the first volume of The Anthropological Review?

Waitz

Who was influentual among European ethnologists?

I'm not sure.

Who did Richard Francis Burton break away from in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

What society did James Hunt form in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of Waitz new publication?

I'm not sure.

What field did Alfred Tylor invent?

I'm not sure.


Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.

When was the American Anthropological Association founded?

When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?

Vienna created it's society in what year?

When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?

What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?

empirical foundation

What organization was founded in America in the 19th century?

I'm not sure.

What Italian Society was founded by Rudolph Virchow?

I'm not sure.

What society was founded in Vienna in 1865?

I'm not sure.

Who was known for is attacks on evolutionist on religious grounds?

I'm not sure.


During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology.

What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century?

anthropological societies

What did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be?

international

Who belonged to these proliferating organizations?

The major theorists

How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898?

How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?

What was there a proliferation of in the 1900's?

I'm not sure.

Who created anthropology curricula in major institutions of higher learning?

I'm not sure.

What was found in 48 educational institutions in the 18th century?

I'm not sure.


This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. Organization has reached global level. For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.

What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?

majority of the world's higher educational institutions

What was anthropology diversified into dozens of?

subdivisions

What type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems?

Practical

What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?

recreate the final scene

From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?

about three dozen

Where were anthropology departments found by the 2000's?

I'm not sure.

What has been combined into one anthropology field?

I'm not sure.

What type of anthropology is used to solve hypothetical problems?

I'm not sure.

What do practical antropologists recreate?

I'm not sure.


Since the work of Franz Boas and Bronisław Malinowski in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination of context, and the importance it places on participant-observation or experiential immersion in the area of research. Cultural anthropology in particular has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques. This has been particularly prominent in the United States, from Boas' arguments against 19th-century racial ideology, through Margaret Mead's advocacy for gender equality and sexual liberation, to current criticisms of post-colonial oppression and promotion of multiculturalism. Ethnography is one of its primary research designs as well as the text that is generated from anthropological fieldwork.

When did Bronislaw Malinoswki and Franz Boas do their relevant work?

late 19th and early 20th centuries

What has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing?

cross-cultural comparisons

What has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized?

cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques

What did Boas' argue against?

19th-century racial ideology

What did Margaret Mead advocate for?

gender equality and sexual liberation

Who distinguished cultural and social antropology from other sciences in the 1900's and early 2000?

I'm not sure.

How was cultural and Social anthropology distinguish from other sciences around the world?

I'm not sure.

What kind of relativisim has been emphasized by social anthropology?

I'm not sure.

.What did Boas use to advocate for gender equality?

I'm not sure.

What did Margaret Meade use to argue against 19th century racial ideology?

I'm not sure.


Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.

What type of discipline is anthropology?

global

What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?

humanities, social, and natural sciences

What builds upon natural and social sciences?

Anthropology

Where did early anthropology originate?

Greece and Persia

What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?

cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies

What disciplines is Anthropolgy forced to confront?

I'm not sure.

What builds upon knowledge from Anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What began in modern day Greece?

I'm not sure.

What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology developed from?

I'm not sure.


Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?

structuralist and postmodern theories

When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?

During the 1970s and 1990s

What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?

nature and production of knowledge

What two fields remained largely positivist?

archaeology and biological anthropology

What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

cohesion

what has heavily influenced structuralists and postmodern theories?

I'm not sure.

When was there a shift towards the positivist traditions?

I'm not sure.

What did archeology and biological anthropology largly shift away from?

I'm not sure.

What has been cohesive over the last several decades?

I'm not sure.


Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects experience for self and group, contributing to more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. in that it helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.

What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?

Sociocultural anthropology

What studies the way people make sense of the world around them?

Cultural anthropology

Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups?

social

What does social anthropology help develop an understanding of?

social structures,

What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?

hard-and-fast

What draws together the aces of Sociocultural anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What studies how people use the world around them?

I'm not sure.

What type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and their history?

I'm not sure.

What type off anthropology has a hard-and-fast distinction from social anthropology?

I'm not sure.


Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of ethnography. Ethnography can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research, i.e. an ethnographic monograph. As methodology, ethnography is based upon long-term fieldwork within a community or other research site. Participant observation is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology. Ethnology involves the systematic comparison of different cultures. The process of participant-observation can be especially helpful to understanding a culture from an emic (conceptual, vs. etic, or technical) point of view.

What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms?

cultural relativism

What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate?

reductionism in cross-cultural comparison

What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research?

Ethnography

What is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology?

Participant observation

What is a needlessly complicated word which means "conceptual"?

emic

What is cultural relativism guided by?

I'm not sure.

What moderates accepting other cultures on their own terms?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the foundational methods of Ethnology?

I'm not sure.

What does social anthropology involve the comarision of?

I'm not sure.


The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).

Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?

Sociocultural

Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in?

resolution

What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?

consumption and exchange

What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology?

language

What is a human universal?

kinship

What is the study of kinship and ancestory?

I'm not sure.

What type of anthropology covers the formation of conflict?

I'm not sure.


Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.

What field studies human's past through material remains?

Archaeology

What are artifacts, faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of?

cultural and material lives of past societies

What can archaeologists deduce from material remains?

human behavior and cultural practices

What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?

past human groups

How are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations?

in similar ways

What is the study of humanity?

I'm not sure.

What creates patterns of past humane behavior?

I'm not sure.

What do Ethnoarchaelogist study to get a better understanding of past humane goups?

I'm not sure.


Linguistic anthropology (also called anthropological linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes. Linguistic anthropologists often draw on related fields including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis.

What subdivision of anthropology seeks to understand the process of human communications?

Linguistic

What problems does linguistic anthropology bring linguistic methods to bear on?

anthropological

What is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to?

interpretation of sociocultural processes

What related fields do linguistic anthropologists draw on?

sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis

What subdivision of linguistics studies human communication?

I'm not sure.

What is the analysis of of linguistic anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What related fields draw on linguistic anthropology?

I'm not sure.


One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts. To surmount this difficulty, anthropologists of art have focused on formal features in objects which, without exclusively being 'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities. Boas' Primitive Art, Claude Lévi-Strauss' The Way of the Masks (1982) or Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' (1983) are some examples in this trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'.

What is a cultural phenomenon?

art

What have several anthropologists noted about Western artistic endeavors and their place in non-Western contexts?

do not exist

What formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on?

evident 'aesthetic' qualities

When was Art as Cultural System penned?

What is the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of?

culturally specific 'aesthetics'

What is a central problem of the study of art?

I'm not sure.

What categories of art do not exixt in most Wester contests?

I'm not sure.

When did Boas write The Way of the Masks?

I'm not sure.

What have anthropologists triet to turn the anthropology of culturally specific aesthetics into?

I'm not sure.

When did Greetz write Primitive Art?

I'm not sure.


Media anthropology (also known as anthropology of media or mass media) emphasizes ethnographic studies as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media. The types of ethnographic contexts explored range from contexts of media production (e.g., ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production) to contexts of media reception, following audiences in their everyday responses to media. Other types include cyber anthropology, a relatively new area of internet research, as well as ethnographies of other areas of research which happen to involve media, such as development work, social movements, or health education. This is in addition to many classic ethnographic contexts, where media such as radio, the press, new media and television have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s.

What type of anthropology tries to understand the social aspects of mass media?

Media anthropology

Media production and media reception are examples of what type of context?

ethnographic

What type of anthropology involves the relatively new area of internet search?

cyber

Media such as a radio and television have started to make their presences felt since what years?

early 1990s

Following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context?

media reception

What is the study of Mass Media?

I'm not sure.

What type of anthropology involves the internet and roboticas?

I'm not sure.

What form of media began to lose its presence in the 1990's?

I'm not sure.


Visual anthropology is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media. While the term is sometimes used interchangeably with ethnographic film, visual anthropology also encompasses the anthropological study of visual representation, including areas such as performance, museums, art, and the production and reception of mass media. Visual representations from all cultures, such as sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs are included in the focus of visual anthropology.

What type of anthropology concerns itself with the study of photography and film?

Visual

What are performances, art, and the production of mass media grouped under?

visual representation

What cultures' visual representations are included in visual anthropology?

all

What term is visual anthropology sometimes used interchangeably with?

ethnographic film

What type of anthropology involves photographers?

I'm not sure.

What type of representation does ethnographic film study?

I'm not sure.

What term has replaced Visual anthropology?

I'm not sure.


Economic anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope. It has a complex relationship with the discipline of economics, of which it is highly critical. Its origins as a sub-field of anthropology begin with the Polish-British founder of Anthropology, Bronislaw Malinowski, and his French compatriot, Marcel Mauss, on the nature of gift-giving exchange (or reciprocity) as an alternative to market exchange. Economic Anthropology remains, for the most part, focused upon exchange. The school of thought derived from Marx and known as Political Economy focuses on production, in contrast. Economic Anthropologists have abandoned the primitivist niche they were relegated to by economists, and have now turned to examine corporations, banks, and the global financial system from an anthropological perspective.

Which branch of anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior?

Economic

Economic anthropology covers what scope of human economic behavior?

historic, geographic and cultural

What is economic anthropology highly critical of?

discipline of economics

Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology?

Bronislaw Malinowski

What is Economic Anthropology mostly focused upon?

exchange

What type of anthropology attempts explain human finances?

I'm not sure.

What study focuses on the history of human economics rather than culural?

I'm not sure.

What alternative to gift-giving exchange did Mauss study?

I'm not sure.

What school of thought did Marx found?

I'm not sure.


Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political Economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture. Three main areas of interest rapidly developed. The first of these areas was concerned with the "pre-capitalist" societies that were subject to evolutionary "tribal" stereotypes. Sahlins work on Hunter-gatherers as the 'original affluent society' did much to dissipate that image. The second area was concerned with the vast majority of the world's population at the time, the peasantry, many of whom were involved in complex revolutionary wars such as in Vietnam. The third area was on colonialism, imperialism, and the creation of the capitalist world-system. More recently, these Political Economists have more directly addressed issues of industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism around the world.

What does political economy in anthropology apply Historical Materialism to?

traditional concerns

What did Political Economy introduce questions of to theories of social structure and culture?

history and colonialism

Who were the original affluent society?

Hunter-gatherers

What do peasants make up the vast majority of in the world?

population

What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of?

industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism

What field of study removes Historical Materialism from the traditional concernsw of anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What did Political Economy introduce to quwestions of history and coloialism?

I'm not sure.

Who makes up only a small part of the world's population?

I'm not sure.

Who has helped spread capitalism around the world?

I'm not sure.


Applied Anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems. It is a, "complex of related, research-based, instrumental methods which produce change or stability in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy". More simply, applied anthropology is the practical side of anthropological research; it includes researcher involvement and activism within the participating community. It is closely related to Development anthropology (distinct from the more critical Anthropology of development).

What type of anthropology is used to analyse and find solutions to real world problems?

Applied

What do the instrumental methods of applied anthropology produce?

change or stability

What type of action does applied anthropology initiate?

direct

What side of anthropology is applied anthropology?

the practical side

Included in applied anthropology is researcher involvement as well as activism in what communities?

participating

What refers to the study of the methods and theries of anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What produces methods of applied anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What is the creative side of anthropology?

I'm not sure.

what is distincly different than Development Anthropology?

I'm not sure.


Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those working in development so willing to disregard history and the lessons it might offer? Why is development so externally driven rather than having an internal basis? In short why does so much planned development fail?

What perspective does development anthropology view development from?

critical

What does development anthropology involves doing a lot of?

pondering

Development anthropologists would like to know why if a goal is to alleviate poverty, that poverty is doing what?

increasing

When it comes to plans and outcomes, what do development anthropologists look at between them?

gap

What does a lot of planned development apparently do?

fail

What tends to view development from a positive perspective?

I'm not sure.

What field of anthropology has a goal to eleviate poverty?

I'm not sure.

What looks for the connections between plans and outcomes?

I'm not sure.

What type of development rarely fails?

I'm not sure.


Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.

What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures?

Kinship

What has developed a number of related concepts and terms?

anthropology

When has anthropology developed related terms?

Over its history

What does it mean if people are related by descent?

one's social relations during development

Kinship patterns can included people who are relatives by what cultural ritual involving the exchange of rings and sometimes dowry?

marriage

What is the study of human culture?

I'm not sure.

What has developed a number of unrelated concepts and terms?

I'm not sure.

What type of patterns onlyrefer to people related by descent?

I'm not sure.


Feminist anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology (archeological, biological, cultural, linguistic) that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge. Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose perspectives and experiences can differ from those of white European and American feminists. Historically, such 'peripheral' perspectives have sometimes been marginalized and regarded as less valid or important than knowledge from the western world. Feminist anthropologists have claimed that their research helps to correct this systematic bias in mainstream feminist theory. Feminist anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of gender across societies. Feminist anthropology is inclusive of birth anthropology as a specialization.

What type of anthropology focuses on a political agenda rather than on contributing to science?

Feminist

What does feminist anthropology self-reports as seeking to reduce in research findings?

male bias

What do feminist anthropologists claim their research helps to correct?

systematic bias

What are feminist anthropologists centrally concerned about?

gender

What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in?

birth anthropology

What is a single field approach to anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What seeks to reduce female bias in research?

I'm not sure.

Who's experiences are similar to white European and American feminists?

I'm not sure.

What perspectives have been historically regarded as valid?

I'm not sure.


Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people.

What division of anthropology concerns itself with food security?

Nutritional

Nutritional anthropologists investigate the interplay between economic systems and what?

food security

If environmental changes in a community affect access to food, then there is an eventual connection to what?

globalization

What affects overall health status?

Nutritional status

What can having ready access to food affect the overall potential development of?

economic

What part of anthropology deals with food production?

I'm not sure.

What investigates the interplay between culture and food security?

I'm not sure.

What effects overall Nutritional status>

I'm not sure.

What can affect acess to food?

I'm not sure.


Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories—shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health. It also examines how the understanding of cognition, emotion, motivation, and similar psychological processes inform or constrain our models of cultural and social processes.

What subfield of anthropology studies mental processes?

Psychological

What does psychological anthropology particularly focus on in a particular culture group?

humans' development and enculturation

What aspects define a cultural group?

its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories

What shapes processes of human cognition?

cultural group

Psychological anthropology examines how our models of social processes are informed by what?

understanding

What subfield of anthropolgy studies mental health?

I'm not sure.

Where does Pysychological anthropology defocus on human development and enculteration?

I'm not sure.

What shapes cultural groups?

I'm not sure.


Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.

What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge?

Cognitive

What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation?

cognitive sciences

What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science?

experimental psychology and evolutionary biology

Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what?

implicit knowledge

What seeks to explain pattterns of aquired knowledge?

I'm not sure.

What do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cognitive sciences?

I'm not sure.

What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive anthropology?

I'm not sure.


Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more "complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. The turn towards complex societies meant that political themes were taken up at two main levels. First of all, anthropologists continued to study political organization and political phenomena that lay outside the state-regulated sphere (as in patron-client relations or tribal political organization). Second of all, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and of course on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions). An anthropology of the state developed, and it is a most thriving field today. Geertz' comparative work on "Negara", the Balinese state is an early, famous example.

What type of anthropology is interested in the structure of political systems?

Political

From what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems?

structure of societies

When did the new development of a stateless society come about?

the 1960s

The presence of states, bureaucracies and markets makes for what type of social setting?

"complex"

Who did a comparative work on a Balinese state?

Geertz

What field of anthropology concerns the stucture of governments?

I'm not sure.

Political anthropology was primarily concerned with the politics of strong what?

I'm not sure.

Political anthropology turned from complex socities to what?

I'm not sure.

When did the study of stateless societies begin?

I'm not sure.


Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology by first exploring the philosophical and sociological ramifications of the term. Cyborg anthropology studies humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings.

What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group?

Cyborg

When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?

What the sub-group of cyborg anthropology very closely related to, in addition to STS?

the Society for the Social Studies of Science

Who published a Cyborg Manifesto?

Donna Haraway

What does cyborg anthropology study about humankind and technological systems humans have built?

its relations

What type of anthropology began in Europe in 1993?

I'm not sure.

When did the study of cyborg technology begin?

I'm not sure.

What did Harway write in 1993?

I'm not sure.


Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of the ethnographies and cultural fieldworks of today, is political ecology. Many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. The focus and data interpretation is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporate exploitation and damage of land. Often, the observer has become an active part of the struggle either directly (organizing, participation) or indirectly (articles, documentaries, books, ethnographies). Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park.

Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment?

Environmental

What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today?

political ecology

What do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with?

culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.

The data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation?

corporate

Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with?

people of Hyde Park

What field examines the environment and its affect of life?

I'm not sure.

What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology?

I'm not sure.

What does the observer never become part of?

I'm not sure.


Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.

How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?

by examining historical records

Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?

ethnic

What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?

its foundation

What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?

documents and manuscripts

Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?

Practitioners

What is the study of modern customs?

I'm not sure.

What extinct groups does ethno history study?

I'm not sure.

What does ethnohistory form the foundation for?

I'm not sure.


Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "specialists in 'other cultures'" closer to their homes. There are two principle approaches in urban anthropology: by examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.

What division of anthropology is concerned with poverty?

Urban

Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?

Ulf Hannerz

What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists?

notoriously agoraphobic

How many principles approaches are there in urban anthropology?

two

One would be studying how the dynamic of a city is affected if one were looking directly at different what?

social issues

What is the study of modern cities?

I'm not sure.

Who was often quated in the 1960's?

I'm not sure.

What is a new steryotpe of anthropologists?

I'm not sure.


Anthrozoology (also known as "human–animal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic research is the quantifying of the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party and the study of their interactions. It includes scholars from a diverse range of fields, including anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy.[n 7]

What is Anthrozoology also known as?

human–animal studies

What is the study of interaction between living things?

Anthrozoology

What does the field of anthrozoology overlap with?

number of other disciplines

What type of effects are a major focus of the anthrozoologic research?

positive

What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from?

anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy

What is the study of animals?

I'm not sure.

What focuses on the positive affect of animals on humans?

I'm not sure.

What fields developed from Anthrozoology?

I'm not sure.


Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary anthropology is concerned with both biological and cultural evolution of humans, past and present. It is based on a scientific approach, and brings together fields such as archaeology, behavioral ecology, psychology, primatology, and genetics. It is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field, drawing on many lines of evidence to understand the human experience, past and present.

What branch of anthropology studies human behavior and the relation between primates?

Evolutionary

What is evolutionary anthropology  based in?

natural science and social science

Which humans does evolutionary anthropology concern itself with the biological and cultural evolution of?

past and present

What type of approach is evolutionary anthropology based on?

scientific

What evidence does evolutionary anthropology draw on to understand the human experience?

many lines


Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man. To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.

What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?

Ethical

What is the proper term for circumcision?

mutilation

What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist?

racism, slavery, and human sacrifice

Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?

man

Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?

depth of an anthropological approach


But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.

What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s?

active in the allied war effort

What groups formed the Axis forces?

Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan

What did many anthropologists serve in?

the armed forces

The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War?

intelligence

Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?

communist sympathies.


Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous. The AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' clearly states that "in relation with their own government and with host governments ... no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given."

What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of?

the state

What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give?

secret

What has the ASA identified as being ethically dangerous?

certain scholarship

Who penned a "Statement of Professional Responsibility"?

The AAA

Secret research and reports are things which should never be what?

given

Who often emphasises the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state?

I'm not sure.

What permits antropologists to give secret briefings?

I'm not sure.

What does the AAA's current Statment of Professional Responsibility no longer say?

I'm not sure.

What has the ASA identified as being ethical?

I'm not sure.