Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.

What type of Dell media has appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines?

advertisements

One of Dell's marketing strategies is what kind of shipping?

free

What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share?

By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices?

half

Where does Dell take most of its purchases for its products?

Internet

What type of Dell media hasn't appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines?

I'm not sure.

One of Dell's marketing strategies isn't what kind of shipping?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell up its prices to keep its market share?

I'm not sure.

By how much did Dell up it's margins when it upped its prices?

I'm not sure.

Where does Dell take less of its purchases for its products?

I'm not sure.


In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009[update], Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centres throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program.

What year did Dell make an agreement with Officeworks?

What computer model did Dell ask Officeworks to carry?

Inspiron

In which country did Dell partner with Harris Technology?

Australian

What company did Dell team with in late 2008?

Dick Smith Electronics

What year did Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?

What year did Dell make a disagreement with Officeworks?

I'm not sure.

What computer model didn't Dell ask Officeworks to carry?

I'm not sure.

In which country did Dell cut ties with Harris Technology?

I'm not sure.

What company did Dell team with in late 2009?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?

I'm not sure.


On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share. The investigation, begun in November 2006, resulted from concerns raised by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over some documents and information that Dell Inc. had submitted. It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from Intel for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer AMD. In 2010 Dell finally paid $100 million to settle the SEC's charges of fraud. Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions, without admitting or denying the charges.

What department did Dell launch an internal investigation on?

accounting

What was the minimum amount of earnings that would be restated by Dell's investigation?

$50 million

What year did Dell's internal investigation begin?

Who did Dell agree to not buy processors from?

AMD

How much did Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?

$100 million

What department did Dell launch an external investigation on?

I'm not sure.

What was the maximum amount of earnings that would be restated by Dell's investigation?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell's external investigation begin?

I'm not sure.

How much didn't Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?

I'm not sure.

Who did Dell agree to buy processors from?

I'm not sure.


In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.

What decade did Dell begin to sell things other than PCs?

IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the major providers of what?

servers

What servers did Dell create that they tried to break into the market with?

PowerEdge

What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?

Which company did Dell exceed as a server provider?

Compaq

What decade did Dell begin to buy things other than PCs?

I'm not sure.

IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the minor providers of what?

I'm not sure.

What servers did Dell destroy that they tried to break into the market with?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its loss?

I'm not sure.

Which company did Dell lag behind of as a server provider?

I'm not sure.


The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.

What market made up the majority of Dell's sales?

PC

What advantage did Dell hold in the PC market?

price

What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more efficient to compete with Dell?

manufacturing

Where did Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?

big box stores

What company stated that Dell was preventing itself from innovating?

CNET

What market made up the minority of Dell's sales?

I'm not sure.

What disadvantage did Dell hold in the PC market?

I'm not sure.

What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more inefficient to compete with Dell?

I'm not sure.

Where didn't Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?

I'm not sure.

What company stated that IBM was preventing itself from innovating?

I'm not sure.


By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.

What decade did Dell's manufacturing process become less efficient?

What plant did Dell close in Texas?

Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center

What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million but was later closed?

North Carolina

What company bought the North Carolina plant from Dell?

Herbalife

The plant in what US state still remains in operation?

Florida

What decade did Dell's manufacturing process become more efficient?

I'm not sure.

What plant did Dell open in Texas?

I'm not sure.

What state was the Dell plant that received $290 million but was later closed?

I'm not sure.

What company bought the South Carolina plant from Dell?

I'm not sure.

The plant in what US state no longer remains in operation?

I'm not sure.


The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business. It's thought that the company's value has roughly doubled since then. EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core "EMC II" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion from personal computers and $8.9bn from servers, while EMC had $16.5bn from EMC II, $1bn from RSA Security, $6bn from VMware, and $230 million from Pivotal Software. EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware. The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell. Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.

How much has Dell's value increased since they went private?

doubled

What hedge fund group was pressuring EMC into restructuring?

Elliott Management

What news source published revenue estimations between Dell and EMC?

The Wall Street Journal

What year did Dell go private?

How much has Dell's value decreased since they went private?

I'm not sure.

How much has Dell's value increased since they went public?

I'm not sure.

What hedge fund group was pressuring MEC into restructuring?

I'm not sure.

What news source published revenue estimations between Dell and MEC?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell go public?

I'm not sure.


Dell opened plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995, and in Xiamen, China in 1999. These facilities serve the Asian market and assemble 95% of Dell notebooks. Dell Inc. has invested[when?] an estimated $60 million in a new manufacturing unit in Chennai, India, to support the sales of its products in the Indian subcontinent. Indian-made products bear the "Made in India" mark. In 2007 the Chennai facility had the target of producing 400,000 desktop PCs, and plans envisaged it starting to produce notebook PCs and other products in the second half of 2007.[citation needed]

In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1995?

Malaysia

What percentage of Dell notebooks are assembled in their asian plants?

How much did Dell spend to construct a new plant in India?

$60 million

How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2007?

In what foreign country did Dell close plants in 1995?

I'm not sure.

In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1996?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Dell notebooks are disassembled in their asian plants?

I'm not sure.

How much did Dell spend to destroy a new plant in India?

I'm not sure.

How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2017?

I'm not sure.


The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.[citation needed]

Who is the founder of Dell?

Michael Dell

How many board members does Dell have?

nine

How many committees are appointed by the board of directors at Dell?

five

Which Dell committee handles accounting issues?

Audit Committee

Which Dell committee keeps the company from violating antitrust laws?

Antitrust Compliance Committee

Who isn't the founder of Dell?

I'm not sure.

How many board members doesn't Dell have?

I'm not sure.

How many committees aren't appointed by the board of directors at Dell?

I'm not sure.

Which Dell committee handles non-accounting issues?

I'm not sure.

Which IBM committee keeps the company from violating antitrust laws?

I'm not sure.


In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year.

What decade did Dell sell electronics through big box stores?

what year did Dell stop selling products through physical retailers?

What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2003?

Sears

What year did Dell begin selling products at retailers again?

Who is the largest electronics retailer in the US?

Best Buy

What decade didn't Dell sell electronics through big box stores?

I'm not sure.

what year did Dell start selling products through physical retailers?

I'm not sure.

What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2013?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell stop selling products at retailers again?

I'm not sure.

Who is the smallest electronics retailer in the US?

I'm not sure.


Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote producer responsibility. On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier.

What was Dell the first IT company to establish?

product-recycling goal

What year did Dell enact its global consumer recycling program?

How much electronics did Dell recycle by 2009?

275 million pounds

What year was 78 million pounds of Dell equipment recycled?

What percentage of Dell electronics from the previous seven years were recycled?

What was Dell the last IT company to establish?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell enact its local consumer recycling program?

I'm not sure.

How much electronics did Dell recycle by 2008?

I'm not sure.

What year was 87 million pounds of Dell equipment recycled?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Dell electronics from the previous six years were recycled?

I'm not sure.


In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell continues to remain secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).

What decade did Dell switch to PSUs and boards that had differently wired connectors?

With what kind of parts were consumers able to upgrade their Dell systems with?

Dell-compatible parts

What year did Dell revert its power connectors to industry standard ones?

What part of their motherboards does Dell not reveal the specifications of?

pin-outs

What decade did Dell switch to SPUs and boards that had differently wired connectors?

I'm not sure.

With what kind of parts weren't consumers able to upgrade their Dell systems with?

I'm not sure.

With what kind of parts were consumers unable to upgrade their Dell systems with?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Dell revert its power connectors to industry standard ones?

I'm not sure.

What part of their motherboards does Dell reveal the specifications of?

I'm not sure.


Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.

When did Michael Dell found his company?

How much did Dell receive as capital from his family?

What school did Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?

University of Texas at Austin

What year did Dell design its own computer?

How much did Dell profit in its first year?

$73 million

When did Michael Dell end his company?

I'm not sure.

How much didn't Dell receive as capital from his family?

I'm not sure.

What school didn't Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Dell design its own computer?

I'm not sure.

How much did Dell lose in its first year?

I'm not sure.


From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.

What did Dell enjoy from 1997 to 2004?

steady growth

What company did Dell overtake as the largest PC manufacturer?

Compaq

How much were Dell profiting in 2002?

$35 billion

What company did Compaq merge with in 2002?

Hewlett Packard

What company was the fastest growing in the early 2000s?

Dell

What did Dell enjoy from 1996 to 2004?

I'm not sure.

What company did Dell overtake as the smallest PC manufacturer?

I'm not sure.

How much were Dell losing in 2002?

I'm not sure.

What company did Compaq merge with in 2012?

I'm not sure.

What company was the slowest growing in the early 2000s?

I'm not sure.


Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices. Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized. Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver complete IT solutions and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett Packard and Oracle.

What did Dell rely on that gave it a reputation?

supply chain efficiencies

What did Dell maintain lower spending on than its competitors?

R&D

What was Dell's organizational structure considered?

horizontal

Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions?

IT solutions

What did Dell rely on that gave it a bad reputation?

I'm not sure.

What did IBM rely on that gave it a reputation?

I'm not sure.

What did Dell maintain higher spending on than its competitors?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Dell's organizational structure considered?

I'm not sure.

Dell went ahead of Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions?

I'm not sure.


Dell announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products. While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw immediate changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company. Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "bureaucracy". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.

What was the name of Dell's change campaign?

Dell 2.0

Who relinquished his position as CEO to take a seat on the board?

Michael Dell

Michael Dell removed employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive?

Who replaced Jim Schneider as Dell CFO?

Donald Carty

What wasn't the name of Dell's change campaign?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of IBM's change campaign?

I'm not sure.

Who relinquished his position as CFO to take a seat on the board?

I'm not sure.

Michael Dell added employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive?

I'm not sure.

Who replaced Jim Schneider as Dell COO?

I'm not sure.


Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services. It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard. Dell also managed some success in taking advantage of its high-touch direct sales heritage to establish close relationships and design solutions for clients. Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware, the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world, as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price. Dell's market share in the corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously.

How much of Dell's revenue was its PC division?

half

Who was Dell's main business rival?

Hewlett Packard

How much did Dell spend on acquiring different divisions?

$13 billion

What happened to Dell's revenue and share price in the post-PC market?

declines

How much of Dell's revenue wasn't its PC division?

I'm not sure.

How much of Dell's revenue was its phone division?

I'm not sure.

Who was Dell's main business ally?

I'm not sure.

How much did Dell spend on selling different divisions?

I'm not sure.

What happened to Dell's expenses and share price in the post-PC market?

I'm not sure.


Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco.

What city is Dell's New Hampshire facility in?

Nashua

What city is Dell's Tennessee facility in?

Nashville

What city is Dell's Minnesota facility in?

Eden Prairie

What city is Dell's Florida facility in?

Miami

What city isn't Dell's New Hampshire facility in?

I'm not sure.

What city isn't Dell's Tennessee facility in?

I'm not sure.

What city isn't Dell's Minnesota facility in?

I'm not sure.

What city isn't Dell's Florida facility in?

I'm not sure.

What city isn't Dell's Nebraska facility in?

I'm not sure.


Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999), which have been closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina received $280 million USD in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010, and Dell's contract with the state requires them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas.

What city is Dell's Texas facility in?

Austin

What year was Dell's Tennessee facility opened?

What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million in incentives in?

North Carolina

What continent did a lot of work from Dell's plants get transferred to?

Asia

What subsidiary of Dell remains operating in Florida?

Alienware

What city isn't Dell's Texas facility in?

I'm not sure.

What year was Dell's Tennessee facility closed?

I'm not sure.

What state was the Dell plant that received $820 million in incentives in?

I'm not sure.

What continent did a lot of work from Dell's plants get transferred from?

I'm not sure.

What subsidiary of Dell remains operating in Georgia?

I'm not sure.


Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green their products are. In November 2011, Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics makers (increasing its score to 5.1 from 4.9, which it gained in the previous ranking from October 2010).

What emissions did Dell strive to reduce?

greenhouse gas

By 2015, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions?

What year did Dell rank 2nd for product greenness?

What organization scores electronics manufacturers based on how environmentally friendly their products are?

Greenpeace

What emissions didn't Dell strive to reduce?

I'm not sure.

By 2016, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions?

I'm not sure.

By 2015, how much did Dell slate to increase its emissions?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell rank 1st for product greenness?

I'm not sure.

What organization scores electronics manufacturers based on how environmentally damaging their products are?

I'm not sure.


In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honour a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website. In the first instance, Dell offered a 19" LCD panel for $15. In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900). Concerning the E4300, rather than honour the discount taking a significant loss, the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT$20,000 (US$625) a customer in compensation. The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT$1 million (US$31250) for customer rights infringements. Many consumers sued the firm for the unfair compensation. A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price. The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes, as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice in Taiwanese website within 3 weeks.

What year did Dell come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission?

What percent lower was Dell selling its notebooks in Taiwan?

What did dell sell for $19 in Taiwan?

19" LCD

How much did Taiwan fine Dell for its practices?

NT$1 million

What year didn't Dell come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission?

I'm not sure.

What year did IBM come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission?

I'm not sure.

What percent lower was Dell buying its notebooks in Taiwan?

I'm not sure.

What did dell sell for $91 in Taiwan?

I'm not sure.

How much didn't Taiwan fine Dell for its practices?

I'm not sure.


Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services. The company has since made additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the aim of expanding their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions for enterprise customers.

Innovations in what kind of management is Dell known for?

supply chain

What sales model did Dell follow?

direct-sales

For the majority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of?

hardware

What company did Dell acquire in 2009?

Perot Systems

What market did Dell begin to compete in in 2009?

IT services

What sales model didn't Dell follow?

I'm not sure.

Innovations in what kind of management is Dell unknown for?

I'm not sure.

For the minority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of?

I'm not sure.

What company did Dell acquire in 2008?

I'm not sure.

What market did Dell begin to compete in in 2011?

I'm not sure.


In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as Wal-Mart, which would have brought in an additional $125 million in annual revenue. Bain consultant Kevin Rollins persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run. Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994. Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company President and CEO.

What year did Dell plan to sell PCs at retailers?

What was one retailer that were going to sell Dell PCs?

Wal-Mart

Who convinced Michael Dell to not use retailers to sell PCs?

Kevin Rollins

What position at Dell did Kevin Rollins eventually attain?

CEO

What year didn't Dell plan to sell PCs at retailers?

I'm not sure.

What year did IBM plan to sell PCs at retailers?

I'm not sure.

What was one retailer that weren't going to sell Dell PCs?

I'm not sure.

Who convinced Michael Dell to use retailers to sell PCs?

I'm not sure.

What position at Dell did Kevin Rollins eventually lose?

I'm not sure.


In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988. Walker retired in 1990 due to health, and Michael Dell hired Morton Meyerson, former CEO and president of Electronic Data Systems to transform the company from a fast-growing medium-sized firm into a billion-dollar enterprise.

What year did Michael Dell bring in Lee Walker to the company?

What did Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for?

board of directors

What year did Walker retire?

What was Morton Meyerson's position at his former company?

CEO

What year didn't Michael Dell bring in Lee Walker to the company?

I'm not sure.

What didn't Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for?

I'm not sure.

What year did Walker die?

I'm not sure.

What was Morton Meyerson's position at his current company?

I'm not sure.

What was Morton Dell's position at his former company?

I'm not sure.


Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on U.S. corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and Sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. U.S. shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008. Heavily depending on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers.

What country's PC market was Dell reliant on?

U.S

What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers?

32 percent

What year were Dell's PC profits shrinking?

What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for corporate clients?

Microsoft's Windows Vista

What country's PC market was Dell unreliant on?

I'm not sure.

What year were Dell's PC profits growing?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Dell's profits were laptop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and home buyers?

I'm not sure.

What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for home clients?

I'm not sure.


The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android. The Dell Streak was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS, numerous bugs, and low resolution screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short-term, low-investment opportunity running Google Android, an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers. Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, such as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with the Apple iPad and Kindle Fire tablets. The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012. In December 2012, Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years, despite the introduction of Windows 8.

The release of what electronic had a negative impact on Dell?

iPad

Which division of Dell were unsuccessful in developing mobile devices?

mobility

What Dell product was a commercial failure?

Streak

What line of high end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?

XPS

What year did Dell see its first decline in holiday sales?

The release of what electronic had a positive impact on Dell?

I'm not sure.

Which division of Dell were successful in developing mobile devices?

I'm not sure.

What Dell product was a commercial success?

I'm not sure.

What line of low end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell see its first rise in holiday sales?

I'm not sure.


Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.

What did Dell have a poor reputation for?

customer service

Where did Dell move its call centers?

offshore

Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of customer service?

Dick Hunter

How much had Dell spent by 2006 on improving customer service?

$100 million

What did Dell have a good reputation for?

I'm not sure.

What did IBM have a poor reputation for?

I'm not sure.

Where didn't Dell move its call centers?

I'm not sure.

Which Dell employee was moved from head of manufacturing to head of sales?

I'm not sure.

How much had Dell spent by 2005 on improving customer service?

I'm not sure.


In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.”

What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring Dell?

What was the first private equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?

KKR & Co

What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from acquiring Dell?

Silver Lake

How much was the potential enterprise value of Dell?

What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell?

I'm not sure.

What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring IBM?

I'm not sure.

What was the first public equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?

I'm not sure.

What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from selling Dell?

I'm not sure.

How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell?

I'm not sure.


On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in Kanata, Ontario, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of Ottawa won a bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high Canadian dollar that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs. The company had also announced the shutdown of its Edmonton, Alberta office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced the ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% of its workforce.

What year did Dell close its largest Canadian call center?

How many employees lost jobs when Dell closed their call center?

How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Ottawa call center?

What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2008?

What year did Dell open its largest Canadian call center?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell close its smallest Canadian call center?

I'm not sure.

How many employees lost jobs when Dell opened their call center?

I'm not sure.

How many workers did Dell plan to have at their Toronto call center?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of its workforce did Dell terminate in from 2007 to 2009?

I'm not sure.


The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not." The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.

What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to address?

private cloud computing

What organization commented on the deal between EMC and Dell?

FBR Capital Markets

How much did VMware stock fall after the merger announcement?

What was the original valuation of the merger?

What type of computing is the combined effort of MEC and Dell slated to address?

I'm not sure.

What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to not address?

I'm not sure.

What organization commented on the deal between MEC and Dell?

I'm not sure.

How much did VMware stock fall before the merger announcement?

I'm not sure.

What was the newest valuation of the merger?

I'm not sure.


After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private. Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners, aided by a $2 billion loan from Microsoft, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece. The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis. It is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion.

What year did Dell announce its buyout deal?

What was the value of Dell's buyout deal?

$24.4 billion

What was the value of the loan that Dell received from Microsoft?

$2 billion

What was the value of the second largest technology buyout?

$17.5 billion

What year did IBM announce its buyout deal?

I'm not sure.

What was the value of Microsoft's buyout deal?

I'm not sure.

What was the value of the loan that Dell received from IBM?

I'm not sure.

What was the value of the third largest technology buyout?

I'm not sure.

What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout?

I'm not sure.


In 2000, Dell announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) of space in the Las Cimas office complex in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, between Austin and West Lake Hills, to house the company's executive offices and corporate headquarters. 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000. In January 2001, the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2, located along Loop 360. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and some corporate functions. Dell also had an option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m2) of space in Las Cimas 3. After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex. In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant; the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured. By 2003, Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a total of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m2), for about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants.

How much space did Dell lease in Texas?

80,000 square feet

How many senior executives were slated to work in the building Dell leased?

What year did Dell announce its plans to sublease its building?

Where did Dell move its headquarters back to in 2003?

Round Rock

What was the total amount of space that Dell leased in Las Cimas 1 and 2?

312,000 square feet

How much space did Dell sell in Texas?

I'm not sure.

How many minor executives were slated to work in the building Dell leased?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell announce its plans to buy its building?

I'm not sure.

Where did Dell move its headquarters back to in 2004?

I'm not sure.

What was the total amount of space that Dell leased in Las Cimas 2 and 3?

I'm not sure.


Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas. In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex. In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters. In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters. In 1994, Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum. The top floor continued to hold Dell's board room, demonstration center, and visitor meeting room. Less than one month prior to August 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock. Dell's lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994.

What Texas city was Dell's headquarters previously in?

Austin

How many employees worked at Dell's Texas headquarters?

What year did Dell announce that it was moving most of its employees out of Texas?

Where was the board room located at Dells Arboretum building?

top floor

How many customer support employees did Dell move to Round Rock in 1994?

What Florida city was Dell's headquarters previously in?

I'm not sure.

How many employees never worked at Dell's Texas headquarters?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell announce that it was moving most of its employees into Texas?

I'm not sure.

Where wasn't the board room located at Dells Arboretum building?

I'm not sure.

How many customer support employees did Dell move to Round Rock in 1995?

I'm not sure.


Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010. European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland. European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, later occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[citation needed] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[when?] contains only offices). Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time. After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain. Construction of EMF4 in Łódź, Poland has started[update]: Dell started production there in autumn 2007.

For what market did Dell make computers for in Ireland?

EMEA

How many Irish employees did Dell hire?

What year did Dell announce it was relocating its Irish facility?

What was the value of the aid package given to Dell that the European Union investigated?

What year did Dell begin production in the Lodz, Poland facility?

For what market did Dell make computers for in Scotland?

I'm not sure.

How many Irish employees did Dell fire?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell announce it wasn't relocating its Irish facility?

I'm not sure.

What was the value of the aid package taken from Dell that the European Union investigated?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell quit production in the Lodz, Poland facility?

I'm not sure.


In addition, the company provides protection services, advisory services, multivendor hardware support, "how-to" support for software applications, collaborative support with many third-party vendors, and online parts and labor dispatching for customers who diagnose and troubleshoot their hardware. Dell also provides Dell ProSupport customers access to a crisis-center to handle major outages, or problems caused by natural disasters. Dell also provide on-line support by using the computer's service-tag that provides full list of the hardware elements installed originally, purchase date and provides the latest upgrades for the original hardware drivers.

What kind of hardware support does Dell provide?

multivendor

What kind of customers does Dell provide support to for major outages?

ProSupport

What kind of support does Dell provide using a computer's service-tag?

on-line support

What kind of software support does Dell provide?

I'm not sure.

What kind of hardware support doesn't Dell provide?

I'm not sure.

What kind of hardware support does IBM provide?

I'm not sure.

What kind of customers does Dell provide support to for minor outages?

I'm not sure.

What kind of support doesn't Dell provide using a computer's service-tag?

I'm not sure.


Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers).

What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station?

Dell on Call

What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle commercial technical support?

Dell Business Support

What Dell service offers remote desktop management?

Dell Everdream Desktop Management

What is the name of the Dell service that gives home-users a support queue?

Your Tech Team

What isn't the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station?

I'm not sure.

What Dell service offers uncertified technicians to tackle commercial technical support?

I'm not sure.

What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle home technical support?

I'm not sure.

What Dell service never offers remote desktop management?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of the Dell service that gives business-users a support queue?

I'm not sure.


In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006?

What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?

What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006?

What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell gain its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?

I'm not sure.

What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2007?

I'm not sure.

What was the rate of growth that Dell experienced in PC shipments?

I'm not sure.

What was Dell's market share at the end of 2005?

I'm not sure.


Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.

What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?

polyvinyl chloride

By what year does Dell plan to remove chemicals from its computers?

What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals?

Greenpeace

What year did Dell launch its first products that were free of toxic chemicals?

What toxic chemical didn't Dell set to eliminate from its products?

I'm not sure.

What nontoxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?

I'm not sure.

By what year does Dell plan to put chemicals in its computers?

I'm not sure.

What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of nontoxic chemicals?

I'm not sure.

What year did Dell launch its first products that weren't free of toxic chemicals?

I'm not sure.


In 2006, Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service. Issues included call transfers of more than 45% of calls and long wait times. Dell's blog detailed the response: "We're spending more than a $100 million — and a lot of blood, sweat and tears of talented people — to fix this." Later in the year, the company increased its spending on customer service to $150 million. Despite significant investment in this space, Dell continues to face public scrutiny with even the company's own website littered with complaints regarding the issue escalation process.[original research?]

What percentage of Dell support calls were transferred?

How much did Dell originally spend to fix their customer service?

$100 million

What amount did Dell increase its customer service budget to?

$150 million

What percentage of Dell support calls weren't transferred?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of IBM support calls were transferred?

I'm not sure.

How much did Dell originally spend to end their customer service?

I'm not sure.

How much did IBM originally spend to fix their customer service?

I'm not sure.

What amount did Dell decrease its customer service budget to?

I'm not sure.


The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs. Internal energy-efficiency programs reportedly save the company more than $3 million annually in energy-cost savings. The largest component of the company's internal energy-efficiency savings comes through PC power management: the company expects to save $1.8 million in energy costs through using specialized energy-management software on a network of 50,000 PCs.

What does Dell aim to reduce by creating energy efficient products?

external environmental impact

How much does energy efficiency save Dell per year?

$3 million

What is the largest contributor to Dell's energy efficiency savings?

PC power management

How many PCs does Dell employ energy management software on?

What does Dell aim to increase by creating energy efficient products?

I'm not sure.

What doesn't Dell aim to reduce by creating energy efficient products?

I'm not sure.

How much does energy efficiency save Dell per month?

I'm not sure.

What is the smallest contributor to Dell's energy efficiency savings?

I'm not sure.

How many PCs does Dell employ energy management hardware on?

I'm not sure.


If a defendant is sentenced to death at the trial level, the case then goes into a direct review. The direct review process is a typical legal appeal. An appellate court examines the record of evidence presented in the trial court and the law that the lower court applied and decides whether the decision was legally sound or not. Direct review of a capital sentencing hearing will result in one of three outcomes. If the appellate court finds that no significant legal errors occurred in the capital sentencing hearing, the appellate court will affirm the judgment, or let the sentence stand. If the appellate court finds that significant legal errors did occur, then it will reverse the judgment, or nullify the sentence and order a new capital sentencing hearing. Lastly, if the appellate court finds that no reasonable juror could find the defendant eligible for the death penalty, a rarity, then it will order the defendant acquitted, or not guilty, of the crime for which he/she was given the death penalty, and order him sentenced to the next most severe punishment for which the offense is eligible. About 60 percent survive the process of direct review intact.

What process begins after a death sentence is handed down at trial?

direct review

In a direct review, what type of court looks at the record?

appellate

How many possible outcomes are there of a capital sentencing direct review?

three

What percentage of convictions survive direct review?

In a direct review, what court has its record reviewed by the appellate court?

trial

What process begins before a death sentence is handed down at trial?

I'm not sure.

In an indirect review, what type of court looks at the record?

I'm not sure.

How many possible outcomes are there of a capital sentencing indirect review?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of convictions don't survive direct review?

I'm not sure.

In a direct review, what court has its record not reviewed by the appellate court?

I'm not sure.


Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a state prisoner is ordinarily only allowed one suit for habeas corpus in federal court. If the federal courts refuse to issue a writ of habeas corpus, an execution date may be set. In recent times, however, prisoners have postponed execution through a final round of federal litigation using the Civil Rights Act of 1871 — codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1983 — which allows people to bring lawsuits against state actors to protect their federal constitutional and statutory rights.

In what year was the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act passed?

How many habeas corpus suits does the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act normally allow in federal court?

one

What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1871?

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Why does a litigant initiate a lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1871?

to protect their federal constitutional and statutory rights

In what year was the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act rejected?

I'm not sure.

How many habeas corpus suits does the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act never allow in federal court?

I'm not sure.

What is the US Code citation for the Civil Rights Act of 1971?

I'm not sure.

Why does a litigant initiate a lawsuit under the Civil Rights Act of 1801?

I'm not sure.


The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas.

Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1977?

Gary Gilmore

In what state was Gary Gilmore executed?

Utah

On what date was John Spenkelink executed?

May 25, 1979

In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur?

Nevada

How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed?

lethal injection

Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1927?

I'm not sure.

In what state was Gary Gilmore freed?

I'm not sure.

On what date was John Spenkelink freed?

I'm not sure.

In what state did Jesse Bishop's freedom ruling occur?

I'm not sure.

How was Charles Brooks, Jr. freed?

I'm not sure.


Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them.

What was a common nickname for the electric chair?

Old Sparky

What color was Alabama's electric chair?

Yellow

What state notably had electric chair malfunctions?

Florida

Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution became preferred?

lethal injection

Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in America?

Electrocution

What was an uncommon nickname for the electric chair?

I'm not sure.

What color was Arkansas's electric chair?

I'm not sure.

What state never notably had electric chair malfunctions?

I'm not sure.

Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution was not preferred?

I'm not sure.

Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America?

I'm not sure.


Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.

What state has had only a single execution?

Wisconsin

When was the last person executed in the District of Columbia?

When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty?

In what year did an Oregon referendum succeed in restoring the death penalty, only to be shot down due to a court ruling?

What state notably abolished the death penalty and then reintroduced it, but didn't use it again?

Rhode Island

What state has had only a double execution?

I'm not sure.

When was the first person executed in the District of Columbia?

I'm not sure.

When did Oregon reject the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

In what year did an Oregon referendum succeed in restoring the death penalty, only to be passed due to a court ruling?

I'm not sure.

What state notably abolished the death penalty and then reintroduced it, and used it frequently?

I'm not sure.


Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this.

In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution?

How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution?

How many states in the US have the death penalty?

What state has the highest rate of death sentences per person?

Alabama

What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states?

overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty

In the United States, how many rapes are there for each execution?

I'm not sure.

How many murder releases occur in the US per execution?

I'm not sure.

How many states in the US do not have the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

What state has the lowest rate of death sentences per person?

I'm not sure.

What does Alabama law allow judges to do that is allowed in other states?

I'm not sure.


Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.

What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"?

Puerto Rico's

What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution?

Michigan

How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?

eleven

Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico?

federal

What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall definitely exist"?

I'm not sure.

What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution?

I'm not sure.

How many UK towns have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses never be committed in Puerto Rico?

I'm not sure.


Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.

In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?

What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?

Furman v. Georgia

Who was executed on June 2, 1967?

Luis Monge

What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?

Eighth

In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in the United States ended?

In what year was the death penalty allowed in the US?

I'm not sure.

What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being allowed?

I'm not sure.

Who was executed on June 2, 1987?

I'm not sure.

What amendment to the United States Constitution allows cruel and unusual punishment?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in South America ended?

I'm not sure.


Present-day statutes from across the nation use the same words and phrases, requiring modern executions to take place within a wall or enclosure to exclude public view. Connecticut General Statute § 54–100 requires death sentences to be conducted in an "enclosure" which "shall be so constructed as to exclude public view." Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220 and Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730 contain substantially identical language. New Mexico's former death penalty, since repealed, see N.M. Stat. § 31-14-12, required executions be conducted in a "room or place enclosed from public view." Similarly, a dormant Massachusetts law, see Mass. Gen. Law ch. 279 § 60, required executions to take place "within an enclosure or building." North Carolina General Statute § 15-188 requires death sentences to be executed "within the walls" of the penitentiary, as do Oklahoma Statute Title 22 § 1015 and Montana Code § 46-19-103. Ohio Revised Code § 2949.22 requires that "[t]he enclosure shall exclude public view." Similarly, Tennessee Code § 40-23-116 requires "an enclosure" for "strict seclusion and privacy." United States Code Title 18 § 3596 and the Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4 limit the witnesses permitted at federal executions.

What state's law says that death sentences must take place in an "enclosure"?

Connecticut

What law has similar language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730?

Kentucky Revised Statute 431.220

What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from public view"?

New Mexico's

Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who can witness a federal execution?

Code of Federal Regulations 28 CFR 26.4

What state's law requires that capital punishment occur "within the walls" of a penitentiary?

North Carolina

What state's law says that death sentences must not take place in an "enclosure"?

I'm not sure.

What law has different language to Missouri Revised Statute § 546.730?

I'm not sure.

What state's law mandated that executions occur in ""room or place enclosed from private view"?

I'm not sure.

Along with United States Code Title 18 § 3596, what federal law limits the people who won't witness a federal execution?

I'm not sure.


In 1976, contemporaneously with Woodson and Roberts, the Court decided Gregg v. Georgia and upheld a procedure in which the trial of capital crimes was bifurcated into guilt-innocence and sentencing phases. At the first proceeding, the jury decides the defendant's guilt; if the defendant is innocent or otherwise not convicted of first-degree murder, the death penalty will not be imposed. At the second hearing, the jury determines whether certain statutory aggravating factors exist, whether any mitigating factors exist, and, in many jurisdictions, weigh the aggravating and mitigating factors in assessing the ultimate penalty – either death or life in prison, either with or without parole.

In what year was Gregg v. Georgia decided?

Along with the guilt-innocence phase, what is the other phase of a death penalty trial under Gregg v. Georgia?

sentencing

What is the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?

first-degree murder

Along with aggravating factors, what other factors are considered at the second hearing?

mitigating

What is decided at the first proceeding?

the defendant's guilt

In what year was Gregg v. Georgia undecided?

I'm not sure.

Along with the innocence phase, what is the other phase of a death penalty trial under Gregg v. Georgia?

I'm not sure.

What isn't the only conviction that can lead to the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

Along with aggravating factors, what other factors are considered at the third hearing?

I'm not sure.

What is decided at the second proceeding?

I'm not sure.


Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.

How many executions occurred in 1999?

What was the number of people executed in 2015?

In what year did the reauthorization of capital punishment occur?

How many people have been executed in the United States since 1976?

Which state has the largest number of people awaiting execution?

California

How many executions occurred in 1959?

I'm not sure.

What was the number of people executed in 2018?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the unauthorization of capital punishment occur?

I'm not sure.

How many people have been freed from being executed in the United States since 1976?

I'm not sure.

Which state has the smallest number of people awaiting execution?

I'm not sure.


As of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of "kidnapping with bodily injury." Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for "kidnapping with bodily injury."

In November 2008, who was on death penalty without a murder conviction?

Demarcus Sears

Who did Demarcus Sears kidnap?

Gloria Ann Wilbur

In what state was Gloria Ann Wilbur murdered?

Kentucky

In what year was Demarcus Sears convicted of kidnapping?

A jury in what state sentenced Demarcus Sears to death?

Georgia

In November 2018, who was on death penalty without a murder conviction?

I'm not sure.

Who did Demarcus Sears let go free?

I'm not sure.

In what state was Gloria Ann Wilbur born?

I'm not sure.

In what year was Demarcus Sears freed of kidnapping?

I'm not sure.

A jury in what state sentenced Demarcus Sears to freedom?

I'm not sure.


At times when a death sentence is affirmed on direct review, it is considered final. Yet, supplemental methods to attack the judgment, though less familiar than a typical appeal, do remain. These supplemental remedies are considered collateral review, that is, an avenue for upsetting judgments that have become otherwise final. Where the prisoner received his death sentence in a state-level trial, as is usually the case, the first step in collateral review is state collateral review. (If the case is a federal death penalty case, it proceeds immediately from direct review to federal habeas corpus.) Although all states have some type of collateral review, the process varies widely from state to state. Generally, the purpose of these collateral proceedings is to permit the prisoner to challenge his sentence on grounds that could not have been raised reasonably at trial or on direct review. Most often these are claims, such as ineffective assistance of counsel, which requires the court to consider new evidence outside the original trial record, something courts may not do in an ordinary appeal. State collateral review, though an important step in that it helps define the scope of subsequent review through federal habeas corpus, is rarely successful in and of itself. Only around 6 percent of death sentences are overturned on state collateral review. In 2010, the death sentences of 53 inmates were overturned as a result of legal appeals or high court reversals.

When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the first step of collateral review?

state collateral review

About what percentage of capital convictions are overturned due to state collateral review?

In 2010, how many death sentences were overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

What is an example of an issue that is raised in collateral review?

ineffective assistance of counsel

When a prisoner is given a death sentence in a state, what is the last step of collateral review?

I'm not sure.

About what percentage of capital convictions are never overturned due to state collateral review?

I'm not sure.

In 2010, how many death sentences were never overturned due to reversals from courts or appeals?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of an issue that isn't raised in collateral review?

I'm not sure.


Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The theory is that a prisoner bringing such a challenge is not attacking directly his judgment of death, but rather the means by which that the judgment will be carried out. Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit. Yet, as Clarence Hill's own case shows, lower federal courts have often refused to hear suits challenging methods of execution on the ground that the prisoner brought the claim too late and only for the purposes of delay. Further, the Court's decision in Baze v. Rees, upholding a lethal injection method used by many states, has drastically narrowed the opportunity for relief through Section 1983.

In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

Hill v. McDonough

In what year was Hill v. McDonough decided?

What amendment of the Constitution does cruel and unusual punishment violate?

Eighth

What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?

Baze v. Rees

Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row challenge his execution?

habeas corpus

n what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1989 to be used to challenge a method of execution?

I'm not sure.

In what year was Hill v. McDonough rejected?

I'm not sure.

What amendment of the Constitution doesn't cruel and unusual punishment violate?

I'm not sure.

What case notably did not uphold the use of a method of lethal injection?

I'm not sure.

Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row submit to his execution?

I'm not sure.


The largest single execution in United States history was the hanging of 38 American Indians convicted of murder and rape during the Dakota War of 1862. They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota. A single blow from an axe cut the rope that held the large four-sided platform, and the prisoners (except for one whose rope had broken and who had to be re-hanged) fell to their deaths. The second-largest mass execution was also a hanging: the execution of 13 African-American soldiers for taking part in the Houston Riot of 1917. The largest non-military mass execution occurred in one of the original thirteen colonies in 1723, when 26 convicted pirates were hanged in Newport, Rhode Island by order of the Admiralty Court.

How many people were killed in the largest mass execution in US history?

On what date did the largest mass execution in American history take place?

December 26, 1862

In what state did the largest American mass execution occur?

Minnesota

What was the ethnicity of the people executed in the second-largest mass execution in US history?

African-American

In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Newport, Rhode Island?

How many people were killed in the smallest mass execution in US history?

I'm not sure.

On what date did the smallest mass execution in American history take place?

I'm not sure.

In what state did the smallest American mass execution occur?

I'm not sure.

What was the ethnicity of the people executed in the second-smallest mass execution in US history?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Kansas?

I'm not sure.


After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in federal court (other than petitions for certiorari to the United States Supreme Court after both direct review and state collateral review). The scope of federal habeas corpus is governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which restricted significantly its previous scope. The purpose of federal habeas corpus is to ensure that state courts, through the process of direct review and state collateral review, have done at least a reasonable job in protecting the prisoner's federal constitutional rights. Prisoners may also use federal habeas corpus suits to bring forth new evidence that they are innocent of the crime, though to be a valid defense at this late stage in the process, evidence of innocence must be truly compelling.

What act restricted the scope of federal habeas corpus?

the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence overturned in federal court?

Federal habeas corpus

In what courts can federal habeas corpus suits be brought?

federal

If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be?

truly compelling

What act didn't restrict the scope of federal habeas corpus?

I'm not sure.

How may state prisoners seek to have a death sentence not overturned in federal court?

I'm not sure.

If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're guilty, what must the evidence be?

I'm not sure.


In New Jersey and Illinois, all death row inmates had their sentences commuted to life in prison without parole when the death penalty repeal bills were signed into law. In Maryland, Governor Martin O'Malley commuted the state's four remaining death sentences to life in prison without parole in January 2015. While the bill repealing capital punishment in Connecticut was not retroactive, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to "evolving standards of decency," thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole. New Mexico may yet execute two condemned inmates sentenced prior to abolition, and Nebraska has ten death row inmates who may still be executed despite abolition.

Along with New Jersey, what state commuted all life sentences when bills to repeal the death penalty were passed?

Illinois

The governor of what state commuted four death sentences in January 2015?

Maryland

Who was governor of Maryland in January 2015?

Martin O'Malley

In what state's supreme court was State v. Santiago decided?

Connecticut

How many people had their sentences commuted by State v. Santiago?

Along with Canada, what state commuted all life sentences when bills to repeal the death penalty were passed?

I'm not sure.

The governor of what state commuted four death sentences in March 2015?

I'm not sure.

Who was governor of Maryland in January 2005?

I'm not sure.

In what state's supreme court was State v. Santiago not decided?

I'm not sure.

How many people had their sentences not commuted by State v. Santiago?

I'm not sure.


The United States Supreme Court in Penry v. Lynaugh and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bigby v. Dretke have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions. This ruling suggests that specific explanations to the jury are necessary to weigh mitigating factors.

In what court was Bigby v. Dretke decided?

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

What court heard the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

United States Supreme Court

What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh address?

Eighth

What sentencing factors did Bigby v. Dretke consider?

mitigating

In what state was Bigby v. Dretke decided?

I'm not sure.

What court denied hearing the case Penry v. Lynaugh?

I'm not sure.

What amendment to the Constitution did Penry v. Lynaugh never address?

I'm not sure.

What sentencing factors did Bigby v. Dretke reject considering?

I'm not sure.


Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (ratified in 1963; effective in 1964) prohibits any law providing for the penalty of death. Attempts to change the provision have failed. In 2004, a constitutional amendment proposed to allow capital punishment in some circumstances failed to make it on the November ballot after a resolution failed in the legislature and a public initiative failed to gather enough signatures.

In what year was Tony Chebatoris killed?

When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified?

In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed?

Milan

In what year was there a failed Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty?

What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment?

What happened in 1935?

I'm not sure.

When was Michigan's fifth Constitution ratified?

I'm not sure.

In what city was Tony Chebatoris born?

I'm not sure.

In what year was there a successful Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws disallowing capital punishment?

I'm not sure.


The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.

Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection?

Drug Kingpin Act of 1988

According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were convicted?

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute?

Indiana

In what month and year was Juan Garza executed?

June 2001

Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2003?

Louis Jones, Jr.

Under what federal statute are offenses not punished by lethal injection?

I'm not sure.

According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were freed?

I'm not sure.

In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Tennessee?

I'm not sure.

In what month and year was Juan Garza freed?

I'm not sure.

Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2001?

I'm not sure.


In October 2009, the American Law Institute voted to disavow the framework for capital punishment that it had created in 1962, as part of the Model Penal Code, "in light of the current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment." A study commissioned by the institute had said that experience had proved that the goal of individualized decisions about who should be executed and the goal of systemic fairness for minorities and others could not be reconciled.

In what year did the American Law Institute create a death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the death penalty to the Model Penal Code?

What goal did the ALI's study say could not be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

systemic fairness for minorities

In what year did the American Law Institute create a non-death penalty framework for the Model Penal Code?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the American Law Institute change their mind about their contribution on the non-death penalty to the Model Penal Code?

I'm not sure.

What goal did the ALI's study say could be reconciled with the goal of individualized execution decisions?

I'm not sure.


In 1977, the Supreme Court's Coker v. Georgia decision barred the death penalty for rape of an adult woman, and implied that the death penalty was inappropriate for any offense against another person other than murder. Prior to the decision, the death penalty for rape of an adult had been gradually phased out in the United States, and at the time of the decision, the State of Georgia and the U.S. Federal government were the only two jurisdictions to still retain the death penalty for that offense. However, three states maintained the death penalty for child rape, as the Coker decision only imposed a ban on executions for the rape of an adult woman. In 2008, the Kennedy v. Louisiana decision barred the death penalty for child rape. The result of these two decisions means that the death penalty in the United States is largely restricted to cases where the defendant took the life of another human being. The current federal kidnapping statute, however, may be exempt because the death penalty applies if the victim dies in the perpetrator's custody, not necessarily by his hand, thus stipulating a resulting death, which was the wording of the objection. In addition, the Federal government retains the death penalty for non-murder offenses that are considered crimes against the state, including treason, espionage, and crimes under military jurisdiction.

In what year was Coker v. Georgia decided?

For what offense did Coker v. Georgia forbid the death penalty?

rape of an adult woman

Along with Georgia, what American jurisdiction allowed people to be executed for the rape of an adult prior to Coker?

U.S. Federal government

What ruling forbid the government from executing child rapists?

Kennedy v. Louisiana

Prior to Kennedy v. Louisiana, how many states criminalized child rape?

three

In what year was Coker v. Georgia not decided?

I'm not sure.

For what offense did Coker v. Georgia allow the death penalty?

I'm not sure.

Along with Kentucky, what American jurisdiction allowed people to be executed for the rape of an adult prior to Coker?

I'm not sure.

What ruling allowed the government from executing child rapists?

I'm not sure.


Four states in the modern era, Nebraska in 2008, New York and Kansas in 2004, and Massachusetts in 1984, had their statutes ruled unconstitutional by state courts. The death rows of New York and Massachusetts were disestablished, and attempts to restore the death penalty were unsuccessful. Kansas successfully appealed State v. Kleypas, the Kansas Supreme Court decision that declared the state's death penalty statute unconstitutional, to the United States Supreme Court. Nebraska's death penalty statute was rendered ineffective on February 8, 2008 when the required method, electrocution, was ruled unconstitutional by the Nebraska Supreme Court. In 2009, Nebraska enacted a bill that changed its method of execution to lethal injection.

In what year was Nebraska's death penalty statute ruled unconstitutional by a state court?

What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1984?

Massachusetts

In what case did the Kansas Supreme Court rule that the death penalty is unconstitutional in Kansas?

State v. Kleypas

What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule unconstitutional?

electrocution

After electrocution was outlawed, how were Nebraska death row inmates executed?

lethal injection

In what year was Kansas' death penalty statute ruled unconstitutional by a state court?

I'm not sure.

What state's court ruled capital punishment unconstitutional in 1884?

I'm not sure.

In what case did the Arkansas Supreme Court rule that the death penalty is unconstitutional in Arkansas?

I'm not sure.

What method of execution did the Nebraska Supreme Court rule constitutional?

I'm not sure.