On July 8, 2007 The Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for the failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. The book blamed the FBI's decentralized structure, which prevented effective communication and cooperation among different FBI offices. The book suggested that the FBI has not evolved into an effective counter-terrorism or counter-intelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained agency cultural resistance to change. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff other than special agents as support staff, classifying intelligence analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.

When did the Washington Post publish excerpts from the book Spying Blind?

July 8, 2007

How many chances to disrupt the 9/11 attacks did the FBI dismiss?

What two agencies had a lack of co-operation?

FBI, CIA

What was to blame for the FBI's failure?

FBI's decentralized structure

What did the FBI's decentralized structure prevent?

effective communication

What book did the New York Times publish excerpts from?

I'm not sure.

How many times did the CIA and FBI disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11th?

I'm not sure.

What two agencies cooperated well together?

I'm not sure.

What facilitated communication among different FBI offices?

I'm not sure.

What did the FBI treat special agents as?

I'm not sure.


The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).

What increased the powers of the FBI?

USA PATRIOT Act

What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?

sneak and peek provision

What new residential powers did the FBI now have?

search a house while the residents are away

Could the FBI inquire into library records?

FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records

Who's library records did the FBI look into?

those who are suspected of terrorism

What decreased the powers of the FBI?

I'm not sure.

What did the USA PATRIOT Act allow the CIA to do more?

I'm not sure.

What is one of the least controversial provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act?

I'm not sure.

What agency is required to notify residents of a search on their home right away?

I'm not sure.

What records does the PATRIOT Act ban the FBI from looking at?

I'm not sure.


The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.

When did the FBI lab first appear?

Where was the FBI lab?

J. Edgar Hoover Building

Who uses the FBI lab services?

state, local, and international agencies

How much does the FBI charges for lab services?

free

Where is the second FBI lab?

FBI Academy

When did the FBI Laboratory close?

I'm not sure.

Where was the CIA lab located?

I'm not sure.

Where do public tours of FBI headquarters run through after the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building?

I'm not sure.

What is not a service the lab conducts?

I'm not sure.

What kind of agencies must pay to use the services of the FBI Lab?

I'm not sure.


In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), were not. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which never became operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In March 2005, the FBI announced it was beginning a new, more ambitious software project, code-named Sentinel, which they expected to complete by 2009.

When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?

What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?

Trilogy project

Did the Trilogy project go over budget?

far over budget

When did the FBI abandon the VCF project?

January 2005


An FBI special agent is issued a Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber. If they fail their first qualification, they are issued either a Glock 17 or Glock 19, to aid in their next qualification. In May 1997, the FBI officially adopted the Glock .40 S&W pistol for general agent use and first issued it to New Agent Class 98-1 in October 1997. At present, the Model 23 "FG&R" (finger groove and rail) is the issue sidearm. New agents are issued firearms, on which they must qualify, on successful completion of their training at the FBI Academy. The Glock 26 in 9×19mm Parabellum, and Glock Models 23 and 27 in .40 S&W caliber are authorized as secondary weapons. Special agents are authorized to purchase and qualify with the Glock Model 21 in .45 ACP. Special agents of the FBI HRT (Hostage Rescue Team), and regional SWAT teams are issued the Springfield Professional Model 1911A1 .45 ACP pistol (see FBI Special Weapons and Tactics Teams).

What gun are FBI special agents issued?

Glock Model 22 pistol or a Glock 23 in .40 S&W caliber

What are FBI special agents issued if they fail their first qualification?

Glock 17 or Glock 19

What did the FBI adopt in May 1997

Glock .40 S&W pistol

What did the FBI adopt the Glock .40 S&W pistol for?

general agent use

What class was the first to receive the Glock .40 S&W pistol?

New Agent Class 98-1

What gun are CIA agents issued?

I'm not sure.

What gun are FBI agents issued if they fail their second qualification?

I'm not sure.

What gun did the FBI use before 1997?

I'm not sure.

What gun are special agents not authorized to carry?

I'm not sure.

What gun are regional SWAT teams barred from using?

I'm not sure.


The FBI is near-impenetrable, with applicants intensely scrutinized and assessed over an extended period. To apply to become an FBI agent, one must be between the ages of 23 and 37. Due to the decision in Robert P. Isabella v. Department of State and Office of Personnel Management, 2008 M.S.P.B. 146, preference-eligible veterans may apply after age 37. In 2009, the Office of Personnel Management issued implementation guidance on the Isabella decision. The applicant must also hold American citizenship, be of high moral character, have a clean record, and hold at least a four-year bachelor's degree. At least three years of professional work experience prior to application is also required. All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security clearance, and in many instances, employees need a TS/SCI (Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information) clearance. To obtain a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. Special Agents candidates also have to pass a Physical Fitness Test (PFT), which includes a 300-meter run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Personnel must pass a polygraph test with questions including possible drug use. Applicants who fail polygraphs may not gain employment with the FBI.

What group of people may apply to join the FBI after age 37?

preference-eligible veterans

What is the minimum age to join the FBI?

Is American citizenship required to be an FBI agent?

must also hold American citizenship

What is a SSBI?

Single Scope Background Investigations

Who conducts SSBIs?

Office of Personnel Management

What organization is considered easy to infiltrate?

I'm not sure.

What can someone under the age of 23 apply to become?

I'm not sure.

Who may not apply to the FBI after age 37?

I'm not sure.

What is not a requirement to be a FBI agent?

I'm not sure.

How do CIA personnel receive a security clearance?

I'm not sure.


The FBI has maintained files on numerous people, including celebrities such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, the band MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, and Mickey Mantle. The files were collected for various reasons. Some of the subjects were investigated for alleged ties to the Communist party (Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx), or in connection with antiwar activities during the Vietnam War (John Denver, John Lennon, and Jane Fonda). Numerous celebrity files concern threats or extortion attempts against them (Sonny Bono, John Denver, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Groucho Marx, and Frank Sinatra).

Did the FBI keep files on Elvis Presley?

including celebrities such as Elvis Presley

What activities was the FBI concerned with during the Vietnam war?

antiwar activities

What kinds of treats were celebrities receiving?

threats or extortion attempts

What party was the FBI concerned with?

Communist party

Who has the FBI never maintained a file on?

I'm not sure.

Who was investigated due to ties with the Libertarian party?

I'm not sure.

Who was investigated for pro war activity?

I'm not sure.

Who is a celebrity that did not have threats against them?

I'm not sure.

Who is a celebrity that the CIA has a file on?

I'm not sure.


In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. Beginning in 1997, the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger. The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI. In 2002, Special Agent John J Connolly was convicted of federal racketeering charges for helping Bulger avoid arrest. In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival. In 2014, that conviction was overturned on a technicality. Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.

Who tipped of Bulger?

his former FBI handler

What act was the indictment under?

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act

How long did Bulger remain at large?

Was Bulger on the 10 Most Wanted Fugitives List?

prominently listed

What did the revelations about Bulger cause?

great embarrassment

Who fled from Chicago?

I'm not sure.

When was Bulger tipped off by his CIA handler?

I'm not sure.

When did New England media cover up criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger?

I'm not sure.

When was John J Connolly cleared of federal racketeering charges?

I'm not sure.

Whose murder did John B Callahan help to plan?

I'm not sure.


In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available records pertaining to the internet IP addresses edits were made from. Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves. The tool was designed to detect conflict of interest edits. Among his findings were that FBI computers were used to edit the FBI article in Wikipedia. Although the edits correlated with known FBI IP addresses, there was no proof that the changes actually came from a member or employee of the FBI, only that someone who had access to their network had edited the FBI article in Wikipedia. Wikipedia spokespersons received Griffith's "WikiScanner" positively, noting that it helped prevent conflicts of interest from influencing articles as well as increasing transparency and mitigating attempts to remove or distort relevant facts.

What was Virgil Griffith focused on?

computation and neural-systems

What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?

United States Congress

What was Griffith's tool designed to detect?

conflict of interest edits

What did Griffith's tool help increase?

transparency

How as Griffith's wikipedia scanner viewed by wikipedia?

positively

What organization viewed WikiScanner negatively?

I'm not sure.

What did not motivate Griffith?

I'm not sure.

What was the tool not designed to do?

I'm not sure.

What were CIA computers used to do?

I'm not sure.

How did the FBI view WikiScanner?

I'm not sure.


On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".

When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?

20 February 2001

What was Hanssen arrested for?

spying for the Soviet Union

When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?

1979 to 2001

How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving?

What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?

$1.4 million

Who had spied for the Soviet Union before 1979?

I'm not sure.

What year did Robert Hanssen die?

I'm not sure.

Where did Hanssen escape custody?

I'm not sure.

How much did the FBI pay Hanssen to spy on Russia?

I'm not sure.

Who sold Russian secrets to the FBI?

I'm not sure.


The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?

FBI

What organization is the FBI a subset of?

U.S. Department of Justice

What Director does the FBI report to?

Director of National Intelligence

How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?

What is the domestic intelligence and security service for the United Kingdom?

I'm not sure.

What is under the jurisdiction of the FBI?

I'm not sure.

Who does the U.S. Intelligence Community report to?

I'm not sure.

Who has jurisdiction over more than 200 categories of state level crime?

I'm not sure.

How many categories of federal crimes does the U.S. Intelligence Community have jurisdiction over?

I'm not sure.


J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.

Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?

J. Edgar Hoover

How many years was Hoover the FBI director?

What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?

Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory

What was the other name for the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory?

FBI Laboratory

When did the FBI laboratory open?

Who served as FBI director before 1924?

I'm not sure.

What year did the FBI laboratory officially close?

I'm not sure.

What laboratory was Hoover responsible for destroying?

I'm not sure.

What was the tenure limit for FBI directors before Hoover's death?

I'm not sure.

What passed legislation to set the tenure limit of CIA directors to ten years?

I'm not sure.


Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe. These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a limited domestic function; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies.

What kind of work was the FBI focused on?

domestic

How many LEGAT offices does the FBI operate?

Why does the FBI operate LEGAT offices?

coordination with foreign security services

Do LEGAT offices conduct unilateral operations in host countries?

not usually

What do oversea operations require?

coordination

How many LEGAT offices does the CIA operate?

I'm not sure.

How many sub-offices in U.S. embassies does the CIA have?

I'm not sure.

Why does the CIA operate LEGAT offices?

I'm not sure.

What intelligence agency conducts unilateral operations in host countries?

I'm not sure.

What is not important in overseas operations?

I'm not sure.


In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and "troublemakers." After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities.

When did the Bureau begin compiling a custodial detention list?

When would the people on the custodial detention list be arrested?

in the event of war with Axis

Who were the majority of names on the custodial detention list?

Issei community leaders

When was Pearl Harbor bombed?

December 7, 1941

What group did the FBI continue surveillance on?

Japanese Americans

When did the Bureau stop compiling a custodial detention list?

I'm not sure.

When did Hoover stop Robert Shivers from detaining those on the list?

I'm not sure.

How many Issei men were released from FBI custody?

I'm not sure.

What executive order blocked removing Japanese Americans from the West Coast?

I'm not sure.

Which FBI director supported Executive Order 9066?

I'm not sure.


In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.

What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?

organized crime

What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?

mobsters

After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating?

former Prohibition-organized groups

What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?

National Crime Syndicate

Is the RICO Act still used today?

The RICO Act is still used

How did the FBI respond to organized crime before 1953?

I'm not sure.

What did the FBI do before the RICO Act took effect?

I'm not sure.

What did Hoover confirm the existence of?

I'm not sure.

Who was the head of a crime family the CIA targeted?

I'm not sure.

What act is not longer in use?

I'm not sure.


After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations. With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems.

What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?

CALEA

What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991?

CART

What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with?

Internet-related problems

What were computer viruses seen as a threat to?

US operations

Did the FBI increase electronic surveillance?

FBI increased its electronic surveillance

When did the FBI undergo a technological downgrade?

I'm not sure.

What team underwent a technological downgrade in 1991?

I'm not sure.

What was CITAC and NIPC unable to deal with?

I'm not sure.

When did Congress get rid of HIPAA?

I'm not sure.

When did the CIA receive a technological upgrade?

I'm not sure.


For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.

What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?

single box of bullets

How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?

What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?

deeply flawed

Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?

National Research Council

What did the CIA crime lab believe about lead in bullets?

I'm not sure.

Who conducted a 15-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis?

I'm not sure.

Who published a report confirming that the FBI model was correct?

I'm not sure.

When did the National Research Council confirm that the FBI's bullet analysis was correct?

I'm not sure.

What did the CIA stop using bullet lead analysis?

I'm not sure.


The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?

RICO

What act is the FBI required to enforce?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the United States Civil Rights Act with?

DOJ

What organization does the FBI share jurisdiction with?

DEA

What Substance act does the FBI enforce?

Controlled Substances Act of 1970

What is the FBI's least used tool against organized crime?

I'm not sure.

What is the CIA also responsible for?

I'm not sure.

What is not required to enforce compliance with the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964?

I'm not sure.

What enforcement does the FBI not share with the DEA?

I'm not sure.

Where does the FBI not investigate violations of the Civil Rights Act?

I'm not sure.


The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, then-Attorney General Ashcroft assigned the FBI as the designated lead organization in terrorism investigations after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.

When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?

seaport and airport security

When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?

investigating airplane crashes

What organization in the US government investigates the largest array of crimes?

ICE-HSI

What organization did General Ashcroft assign to lead organization in terrorism investigations?

FBI

What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?

Joint Terrorism Task Force

What agency usually works alone, without the help of other agencies?

I'm not sure.

What is an agency the CIA works in conjunction with?

I'm not sure.

What agency is responsible for investigating automobile crashes?

I'm not sure.

What agency investigates the smallest range of crimes?

I'm not sure.

What did General Ashcroft do before the September 11th attacks?

I'm not sure.


The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy trains state and local law enforcement agencies, which are invited to the law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies."

Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?

The FBI Academy

Where is the FBI Academy?

Quantico, Virginia

How long is the course required for all special agents?

What other groups does the FBI Academy train?

state and local law enforcement agencies

Where is the CIA academy located?

I'm not sure.

What is not required to become a Special Agent?

I'm not sure.

When did the FBI Academy close?

I'm not sure.

What is a CIA unit that resides at Quantico?

I'm not sure.

Who does the Academy not train?

I'm not sure.


The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions.

Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?

frequently

Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?

the Bureau

What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI?

white supremacists

What did Hoover call MLK?

notorious liar

What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?

anonymous

When did King publicly praise the FBI?

I'm not sure.

What group did the FBI believe needed more attention?

I'm not sure.

What did MLK call Hoover?

I'm not sure.

What kind of letter did MLK send to the FBI?

I'm not sure.

What year did King send a package to the FBI?

I'm not sure.


The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.

What is the goal of the NIBRS?

address limitations inherent in UCR data

Who uses the NIBRS?

the United States

What is the NIBRS used for?

collecting and reporting data

What does the NIBRS collect information on?

crimes

Does the NIBRS system or UCR system have more detailed data?

NIBRS

What system do Canadian law enforcement agencies use?

I'm not sure.

What agencies do not generate NIBRS data?

I'm not sure.

What are Group C offenses?

I'm not sure.

What offers less detail than the UCR system?

I'm not sure.

How many law enforcement agencies submit UCR data?

I'm not sure.


The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.

What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?

Pedro Albizu Campos

What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of?

Nationalist

How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials?

three

Who released the Campos operation to the public?

Luis Gutierrez

When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?

What independence leader did the CIA spy on?

I'm not sure.

What spied on the Cuban independence leader?

I'm not sure.

What U.S. congressman covered up the FBI operation?

I'm not sure.

What act made the Abizu Campos operation secret?

I'm not sure.

When did Luis Gutierrez cover up the Abizu Campos operation?

I'm not sure.


The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?

Office of the Director

Who manages each FBI branch?

An executive assistant director

What is a FBI branch divided into?

offices and divisions

Who heads an office or division?

an assistant director

Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?

deputy assistant directors

What office contains the CIA's administrative offices?

I'm not sure.

Who manages each CIA branch?

I'm not sure.

What is a CIA branch divided into?

I'm not sure.

What contains only a few FBI administrative offices?

I'm not sure.

What is not led by an executive assistant director?

I'm not sure.


The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.

Where is the FBI located?

J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C.,

Where are specialized FBI functions located?

Quantico, Virginia

Where is the FBI's data campus?

Clarksburg, West Virginia

What act is the FBI required to process requests for?

FOIA

How many sets of fingerprints does the FBI have?

96 million

Where is the CIA headquarters located?

I'm not sure.

How many field offices in major cities does the CIA have?

I'm not sure.

How many legal attaches does the CIA employ?

I'm not sure.

How many sets of fingerprints from outside the United States does the FBI store?

I'm not sure.

Where is the CIA moving its Records Management Division to?

I'm not sure.


Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to stand for "Digital Collection System"; the system has the same functions as before. The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.

What was the electronic eavesdropping system used by the FBI during the Clinton presidency?

Carnivore

What did Carnivore monitor?

email and electronic communications

What was Carnivore renamed to?

When did the FBI abandon Carnivore?

What kind of software replaced Carnivore?

commercially available

What was the name DCS1000 changed to?

I'm not sure.

What software system received prolonged positive coverage in the press?

I'm not sure.

What administration did the CIA implement Carnivore under?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the FBI stop using commercially available software?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of software that is not available commercially?

I'm not sure.


FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama.

Who appoints FBI directors?

President of the United States

What legislative body confirms FBI directors?

United States Senate

How long is the term of a FBI director?

five years

What made Hoover stop serving as the FBI Director?

his death

Who is the current FBI director?

James B. Comey

Who appoints the President of the United States?

I'm not sure.

What legislative body confirms U.S. presidents?

I'm not sure.

How long is the term of a U.S. president?

I'm not sure.

Who was the shortest serving FBI director?

I'm not sure.

When did FBI Director Comey resign?

I'm not sure.


The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI on television are the 1993-2002 series The X-Files, which concerned investigations into paranormal phenomena by five fictional Special Agents and the fictional Counter Terrorist Unit (CTU) agency in the TV drama 24, which is patterned after the FBI Counterterrorism Division. The 1991 movie Point Break is based on the true story of an undercover FBI agent who infiltrated a gang of bank robbers. The 1997 movie Donnie Brasco is based on the true story of undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone infiltrating the Mafia.

When did the FBI first appear in popular media?

What notable TV show was concerned with FBI investigations of the paranormal?

X-Files

What is the TV drama 24 designed on?

FBI Counterterrorism Division

Who is the movie Point Break Based on?

undercover FBI agent

Who is the movie Donnie Brasco based on?

Joseph D. Pistone

What was frequently depicted in popular media before the 1930s?

I'm not sure.

What is not a notable portrayal of the FBI on television?

I'm not sure.

What has the FBI never done with popular media?

I'm not sure.

What is patterned after the Counter Terrorist Unit?

I'm not sure.

What 1991 movie is not based on a true story?

I'm not sure.


During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.

How many times did FBI agents first their weapons from 1993 to 2011?

How many times were FBI shots not justified?

5 cases

How many people were wounded in the cases where FBI shooting was not justified?

How did Samuel Walker describe the number of unjustified shots fired?

suspiciously low

On what was the shooting of an innocent Maryland man deemed justified?

the man's actions

How often did FBI agents fire their weapons before 1993?

I'm not sure.

What professor said the number of shots found to be unjustified was suspiciously high?

I'm not sure.

How many people did the FBI wound before 1993?

I'm not sure.

During what period did the FBI find all shooting by FBI agents to be unjustified?

I'm not sure.

How much did the CIA pay out to an innocent man that was shot?

I'm not sure.


In 2005, fugitive Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Filiberto Ojeda Ríos died in a gun battle with FBI agents in 2005 in what some charged was an assassination.[citation needed] Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI assault as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know why his government was not informed of it. The FBI refused to release information beyond the official press release, citing security and agent privacy issues. The Puerto Rico Justice Department filed suit in federal court against the FBI and the US Attorney General, demanding information crucial to the Commonwealth's own investigation of the incident. The case was dismissed by the U.S Supreme Court. Ojeda Rios' funeral was attended by a long list of dignitaries, including the highest authority of the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico, Archbishop Roberto Octavio González Nieves, ex-Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, and numerous other personalities.

When did Puerto Rican Nationalist Filiberto Ojeda Ríos die?

Who killed Filiberto Ojeda Ríos?

FBI agents

How did some people describe Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's death?

assassination

How did the FBI respond to requests to release information beyond the initial press release?

The FBI refused

What US court dismissed the Puerto Rican case for information crucial to their own investigation of Filiberto Ojeda Ríos's killing?

Supreme Court

What Cuban nationalist leader died in a gun battle with FBI agents?

I'm not sure.

What Puerto Rican governor praised the FBI assault?

I'm not sure.

What government was informed of the raid?

I'm not sure.

Why did the FBI agree to release information?

I'm not sure.

Who did not attend Ojeda Rios' funeral?

I'm not sure.


According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament. Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph, Mary was 12–14 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable.

Who were Mary's parents?

Saint Joachim and Saint Anne

How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin?

three years old

Who was Mary betrothed to?

Joseph

When she was betrothed to Joseph, approximately how old was Mary?

12–14 years old

Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin?

the Temple in Jerusalem

How old was Anne when she gave birth to Mary?

I'm not sure.

How old was Hannah when Samuel took her to the Tabernacle?

I'm not sure.

Who was Hannah betrothed to?

I'm not sure.

Where did Saint Joachim and Saint Anne become betrothed?

I'm not sure.

Where was Saint Anne consecrated as a virgin?

I'm not sure.


The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption.

Which angel appeared to Mary?

Gabriel

What happened to Mary's body at death?

assumed directly into Heaven

What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation?

her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus

How was Mary related to Jesus?

mother of Jesus

Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation?

Gospel of Luke

Where did Mary meet Gabriel?

I'm not sure.

Where did Gabriel first meet Jesus?

I'm not sure.

Who else was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus?

I'm not sure.

What state was the tomb in when the angel Gabriel found it?

I'm not sure.


The doctrines of the Assumption or Dormition of Mary relate to her death and bodily assumption to Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church has dogmaically defined the doctrine of the Assumption, which was done in 1950 by Pope Pius XII in Munificentissimus Deus. Whether the Virgin Mary died or not is not defined dogmatically, however, although a reference to the death of Mary are made in Munificentissimus Deus. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is believed, and celebrated with her Dormition, where they believe she died.

When was the Assumption dogmatically define by the Catholic Church?

In which papal document was the dogma of the Assumption defined?

Munificentissimus Deus

Which pope authored Munifentissimus Deus?

Pope Pius XII

Other than the Roman Catholic Church, which church holds the doctrine of the Assumption to be true?

Eastern Orthodox Church

What is another name for the Assumption of Mary?

Dormition

What year did Pope Pius XII join The Roman Catholic Church?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Mary die?

I'm not sure.

Which Eastern Church did Pope Pius XII visit in 1950?

I'm not sure.

Who authored the Dormition?

I'm not sure.


After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus –  "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39]

How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?

40 days

Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering?

the Temple in Jerusalem

Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?

Jesus

Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?

Simeon and the prophetess Anna in

To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?

Nazareth

How many days did Mary bring her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem?

I'm not sure.

Where did Simeon and the prophetess Anna travel to?

I'm not sure.

Where is the location of the temple where Mary heard Simeon prophecy?

I'm not sure.

Where is the location of the temple where Joseph continued in the "blood of her purifying"?

I'm not sure.

To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Simeon?

I'm not sure.


According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider that Mary, like Joseph, to whom she was betrothed, was of the House of David and so of the Tribe of Judah, and that the genealogy of Jesus presented in Luke 3 from Nathan, third son of David and Bathsheba, is in fact the genealogy of Mary,[need quotation to verify] while the genealogy from Solomon given in Matthew 1 is that of Joseph. (Aaron's wife Elisheba was of the tribe of Judah, so all their descendants are from both Levi and Judah.)[Num.1:7 & Ex.6:23]

What was Zechariah's occupation?

priest

Which tribe did Elizabeth belong to?

Levi

Who was Aaron's wife?

Elisheba

Which tribe did Elisheba belong to?

Judah

Who was the third son of David and Bathsheba?

Nathan

What tribe did Luke belong to?

I'm not sure.

Who was Mary's sister?

I'm not sure.

What priestly division did Luke belong to?

I'm not sure.

Who was Zechariah's sister in law?

I'm not sure.

What tribe did Matthew belong to?

I'm not sure.


Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. This representation is called a Stabat Mater. While not recorded in the Gospel accounts, Mary cradling the dead body of her son is a common motif in art, called a "pietà" or "pity".

Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus?

Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene

In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus?

pietà

In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion?

Salome

What does pieta mean?

pity

What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?

a Stabat Mater

What is the name for the motif of Jesus cradling the body of Mary?

I'm not sure.

Who is "the disciple whom Jesus loved"?

I'm not sure.

What is a representation of Jesus at the Crucifixion called?

I'm not sure.

Who was the sister of Mary of Clopas?

I'm not sure.


The adoption of the mother of Jesus as a virtual goddess may represent a reintroduction of aspects of the worship of Isis. "When looking at images of the Egyptian goddess Isis and those of the Virgin Mary, one may initially observe iconographic similarities. These parallels have led many scholars to suggest that there is a distinct iconographic relationship between Isis and Mary. In fact, some scholars have gone even further, and have suggested, on the basis of this relationship, a direct link between the cult of Mary and that of Isis."

Which Egyptian goddess do some scholars ascribe similarities to?

Isis

What type of goddess is Isis?

Egyptian

What kind of relationship do some scholars believe exists between Isis and Mary?

iconographic

What is the name of the goddess that the Virgin Mary met in Egypt?

I'm not sure.

Who is considered to be a sister of the Egyptian goddess Isis?

I'm not sure.

What is the relationship between Jesus and the Egyptian goddess Isis?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of the cult that some scholars subscribe to?

I'm not sure.


In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John.

In which country is Ephesus?

Turkey

Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary?

Anne Catherine Emmerich

Which disciple is known as "the Disciple whom Jesus loved?"

John the Evangelist

With whom is it believed that Mary lived with in Ephesus?

John

In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found?

Where did Anne Catherine Emmerich live?

I'm not sure.

Where did Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea live?

I'm not sure.

In what century did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet Irenaeus?

I'm not sure.

In what century did Mary live in Ephesus with John?

I'm not sure.

What Evangelist did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet in Turkey?

I'm not sure.


Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians venerate images and icons of Mary, given that the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 permitted their veneration with the understanding that those who venerate the image are venerating the reality of the person it represents, and the 842 Synod of Constantinople confirming the same. According to Orthodox piety and traditional practice, however, believers ought to pray before and venerate only flat, two-dimensional icons, and not three-dimensional statues.

In which year was the Second Council of Nicea?

In which year did the Synod of Constantinople confirm the veneration of images of Mary?

Which icon is most venerated in the Orthodox Church?

icon of the Virgin Theotokos

What is the name given to artistic depictions of Mary?

Marian art

In the Orthodox church, what types of icons are allowed to be venerated and prayed before?

flat, two-dimensional icons

Which believers pray to and venerate three-dimensional statues?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the first image of the Madonna and Child found?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the first image of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ found?

I'm not sure.

What is the name given to the artistic depictions of Jesus as an adult?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the Orthodox Church founded?

I'm not sure.


Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered by Queen Theodora in the 6th Century. According to William E. Phipps, in the book Survivals of Roman Religion "Gordon Laing argues convincingly that the worship of Artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand Ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of Mary."

Where is the site of the first Church dedicated to Mary?

Ephesus

Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary?

Artemis

Who was the author of the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion?"

William E. Phipps

Which Queen furthered the cult of Mary in the 6th Century?

Queen Theodora

Where was Mary rumored to have died?

Ephesus

Where was the place of Artemis' death?

I'm not sure.

In what century did Queen Theodora meet Gordon Laing?

I'm not sure.

Who read the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion"?

I'm not sure.

What Queen regarded The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?

I'm not sure.

Where is the birthplace of Artemis?

I'm not sure.


Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.

Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who?

King David

Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?

Our Lady of Ransom

Who was the mother of Jesus?

Mary

Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary?

Luke

What did David call Jesus when he met him?

I'm not sure.

What did David call Mary when he met her?

I'm not sure.

When Mary protected the captives of King David, what was she called?

I'm not sure.

When Mary assisted Kind David in finding his way to Jesus, what was the name given to her?

I'm not sure.

When Mary provided special counsel for Jesus, what name was she given?

I'm not sure.


Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. "Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety." Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the "Papists" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:

Who wrote polemics regarding Roman Catholic beliefs about Mary?

Martin Luther

In which year was the Immaculate Conception dogmatized?

Which pope was responsible for the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception?

Pope Pius IX

What does Theotokos mean?

Mother of God

Where did Martin Luther preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?

Wittenberg

For how many years were the Roman Catholic opponents adhering to the Marian decrees?

I'm not sure.

What year did Martin Luther preach at Wittenberg?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Martin Luther stop celebrating Marian feasts?

I'm not sure.

With whom did Martin Luther argue about the veneration of Mary?

I'm not sure.

Who criticized Luther for revering Mary and for blurring the line?

I'm not sure.


Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others.  While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.

On what date does the Catholic Church celebrate the Feast of the Assumption?

August 15

What do Eastern Catholics call the Feast of the Assumption?

Dormition of the Theotokos

On what date of the Julian calendar do Eastern Catholics celebrate the Domition of the Theotokos?

August 28

How many Great Feasts does the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrate?

Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not?

do not

What is the name of the first Feast attended by Mary?

I'm not sure.

When did Mary attend the Feast of Assumption?

I'm not sure.

When did Mary attend the Dormition of the Theotokos?

I'm not sure.

When Mary finished attending all of the Feasts, what were the Feasts referred to as?

I'm not sure.

Who did Mary not get to go to Feast with?

I'm not sure.


In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigment was derived from the rock lapis lazuli, a stone imported from Afghanistan of greater value than gold. Beyond a painter's retainer, patrons were expected to purchase any gold or lapis lazuli to be used in the painting. Hence, it was an expression of devotion and glorification to swathe the Virgin in gowns of blue.

Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings?

blue

What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe?

lapis lazuli

From which country was lapis lazuli imported?

Afghanistan

Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal?

gold

Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue?

Byzantine Empire

What color does Mary like to paint with?

I'm not sure.

What year did Mary visit the Byzantine Empire?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of Mary's favorite stone?

I'm not sure.

What country were the travelers from that brought Mary the lapis lazuli?

I'm not sure.

What did Mary use to trade for the lapis lazuli?

I'm not sure.


Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are typically also mortalist, the issue of praying to Mary, whom they would consider "asleep", awaiting resurrection, does not arise. Emanuel Swedenborg says God as he is in himself could not directly approach evil spirits to redeem those spirits without destroying them (Exodus 33:20, John 1:18), so God impregnated Mary, who gave Jesus Christ access to the evil heredity of the human race, which he could approach, redeem and save.

According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus?

biological mother

Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them?

Emanuel Swedenborg

Unittarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses are examples of what kind of church?

Nontrinitarians

"Mother of God" is an example of what kind of title?

Marian

Why type of churches did Emanuel Swedenborg visit?

I'm not sure.

Who did Mary recognize herself as?

I'm not sure.

Which Nontrinitarian churches once acknowledged Mary as "Mother of God"?

I'm not sure.

Whom did Mary give access to the evil heredity of the human race?

I'm not sure.


The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.

By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?

Maryam

Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya?

In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?

two

Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an?

Luke

Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an?

Zakariya

Who wrote the detailed narrative accounts of Maryam?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the account given in Sura 19?

I'm not sure.

How many accounts in the are written in the Qur'an about Mary?

I'm not sure.

Who told Jesus that Mary would be the mother of Jesus?

I'm not sure.

How many Gospel narratives are about Mary?

I'm not sure.


The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man. The term Ever-Virgin (Greek ἀειπάρθενος) is applied in this case, stating that Mary remained a virgin for the remainder of her life, making Jesus her biological and only son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous. While the Orthodox Churches hold the position articulated in the Protoevangelium of James that Jesus' brothers and sisters are older children of Joseph the Betrothed, step-siblings from an earlier marriage that left him widowed, Roman Catholic teaching follows the Latin father Jerome in considering them Jesus' cousins.

What term is used to describe the belief that Mary remained a virgin for her entire life?

Ever-Virgin

Which Latin father described the belief that Jesus' siblings were his cousins?

Jerome

Which churches teach that Jesus' brothers and sister were step-siblings from a previous marriage of Joseph the Betrothed?

Orthodox Churches

What document teaches that Jesus' brothers and sisters were older children of Joseph from a previous marriage?

Protoevangelium of James

Which doctrine describes the belief that Mary remained a virgin, even though she gave birth to Jesus?

The Perpetual Virginity of Mary

What is the name of the Latin father who is considered Jesus' cousin?

I'm not sure.

What doctrine asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity before the act of giving birth to Jesus?

I'm not sure.

What is the term used for Mary before giving birth to Jesus?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the Protoevangelium of James?

I'm not sure.


Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the "Lady of the Angels".

In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints?

Angels

What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition?

The Theotokia

In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ?

the Theotokos

What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition?

"Lady of the Angels"

What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ?

a virgin

Who did Mary proclaim that she was?

I'm not sure.

What church did Mary give The Theotokia to?

I'm not sure.

Who does the Virgin Mary say that she takes precedence over?

I'm not sure.

What services did Mary perform in the Eastern Church?

I'm not sure.


The multiple churches that form the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican movement have different views on Marian doctrines and venerative practices given that there is no single church with universal authority within the Communion and that the mother church (the Church of England) understands itself to be both "catholic" and "Reformed". Thus unlike the Protestant churches at large, the Anglican Communion (which includes the Episcopal Church in the United States) includes segments which still retain some veneration of Mary.

What is the mother church of the Angican Communion?

the Church of England

Which church in the United States is associated with the Angican Communion?

the Episcopal Church

What practice differentiates the Angican Communon from Protestant churches at large?

veneration of Mary

What branch of Christianity does the Angican Communion fall under?

Protestant

Who founded the universal authority within the mother church (the Church of England)?

I'm not sure.

Which church in the United States did Mary give universal authority to?

I'm not sure.

How many churches formed the Marian doctrines?

I'm not sure.

Which church is both "catholic" and "Reformed", but also Protestant?

I'm not sure.


Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary. Following the Council of Trent in the 16th century, as Marian veneration became associated with Catholics, Protestant interest in Mary decreased. During the Age of the Enlightenment any residual interest in Mary within Protestant churches almost disappeared, although Anglicans and Lutherans continued to honor her.

For what practice did the first Protestants criticize the Roman Catholics?

venerating Mary

In which century did the Council of Trent occur?

Which Protestant churches still honor Mary?

Anglicans and Lutherans

During which historical era did Protestant interest in Mary almost disappear?

Age of the Enlightenment

Marian veneration became associated with which Christians after the Council of Trent?

Catholics

In what century did Martin Luther honor Mary as the Mother of God?

I'm not sure.

In which century was the Council of Trent ended?

I'm not sure.

Which Protestant churches began honoring Mary before the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

During what Age did Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli form the Council of Trent?

I'm not sure.


 In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary "continued a pure and unspotted virgin", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion.

Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject?

the Immaculate Conception

Who was the founder of the Methodist movement?

John Wesley

What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists?

Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds

The Methodist movement began in which church?

the Church of England

Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism?

the perpetual virginity of Mary

What group founded the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception?

I'm not sure.

What country was the church in that John Wesley departed from?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary?

I'm not sure.

The Methodist movement ended in which church?

I'm not sure.


She is the only woman directly named in the Qur'an; declared (uniquely along with Jesus) to be a Sign of God to humanity; as one who "guarded her chastity"; an obedient one; chosen of her mother and dedicated to Allah whilst still in the womb; uniquely (amongst women) Accepted into service by God; cared for by (one of the prophets as per Islam) Zakariya (Zacharias); that in her childhood she resided in the Temple and uniquely had access to Al-Mihrab (understood to be the Holy of Holies), and was provided with heavenly "provisions" by God.

To whom was Mary dedicated while still in the womb?

Allah

Which prophet cared for Mary?

Zakariya

What is understood to be the Holy of Holies in Islam?

Al-Mihrab

Where did Mary reside in her chilhood?

the Temple

What did God provide for Mary?

heavenly "provisions"

Who did Mary reside in the Temple with?

I'm not sure.

Who gave Mary unique access to Al-Mihrab?

I'm not sure.

Who provided Zakariya with heavenly "provisions"?

I'm not sure.

Who dedicated Mary to Allah while she still in her mother's womb?

I'm not sure.

Where did Mary's mother reside?

I'm not sure.


From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates and writings, specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and thus Christians and Christianity alike. In the 2nd century, as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics, Celsus suggested that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier named Panthera. The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen, the Church Father in Alexandria, Egypt, who considered it a fabricated story. How far Celsus sourced his view from Jewish sources remains a subject of discussion.

Who suggested that Jesus was the son of a Roman soldier?

Celsus

What was the name of the Roman soldier said by Celsus to be the father of Jesus?

Panthera

Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city?

Alexandria

In which century did Celsus suggest that Jesus' father was a Roman soldier?

For what purpose did detractors use the idea of Mary's virginity and the virgin conception of Jesus?

to challenge the divinity of Jesus

Who suggested that Panthera was the illegitimate son Jesus?

I'm not sure.

What century did Panthera become a Roman Soldier?

I'm not sure.

In what Egyptian city did Origen visit his Church Father?

I'm not sure.

In what Egyptian city did Jesus find the Roman soldier?

I'm not sure.

Who was Celsus an illegitimate son of?

I'm not sure.


Mary had been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Churches believe that Mary, as Mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God and the Theotokos, literally "Giver of birth to God". There is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas; namely her status as the mother of God; her Immaculate Conception; her perpetual virginity; and her Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants minimize Mary's role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary (Maryam) also has a revered position in Islam, where a whole chapter of the Qur'an is devoted to her, also describing the birth of Jesus.

What is the literal meaning of Theotokos?

Giver of birth to God

Which branch of Christianity gives a diminished role to Mary?

Protestants

What is Mary called in Islam?

Maryam

What is the basis for Mary's diminished role in Protestantism?

brevity of biblical references

Which two Protestant churches, along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, believe that Mary is the Mother of God?

Anglican, and Lutheran

Which other religion gives sainthood to Mary?

I'm not sure.

Which church first considered Mary a saint?

I'm not sure.

What other religious text do Protestants read?

I'm not sure.

What other belief do believers of Islam believe?

I'm not sure.


Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and she responded, "I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word." After a number of months, when Joseph was told of her conception in a dream by "an angel of the Lord", he planned to divorce her; but the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.[Mt 1:18-25]

What is the first stage of Jewish marriage?

betrothal

Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah?

Gabriel

What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream?

divorce her

Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel?

in Nazareth in Galilee

In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception?

an angel of the Lord

What is the last stage of Jewish marriage?

I'm not sure.

What angel did Joseph meet before he had the dream?

I'm not sure.

Where was Joseph born?

I'm not sure.

Where did Joseph live when he was visited by the angel Gabriel?

I'm not sure.

Where was Joseph conceived?

I'm not sure.


The Virgin birth of Jesus was an almost universally held belief among Christians from the 2nd until the 19th century. It is included in the two most widely used Christian creeds, which state that Jesus "was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary" (the Nicene Creed in what is now its familiar form) and the Apostles' Creed. The Gospel of Matthew describes Mary as a virgin who fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14, mistranslating the Hebrew word alma ("young woman") in Isaiah 7:14 as "virgin", though.[citation needed] The authors of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke consider Jesus' conception not the result of intercourse and assert that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth.[Mt 1:18] [Mt 1:25] [Lk 1:34] This alludes to the belief that Mary conceived Jesus through the action of God the Holy Spirit, and not through intercourse with Joseph or anyone else.

Which Gospel says that Mary fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah?

Matthew

Until which century was the Virgin birth of Jesus held almost universally among Christians?

What Hebrew word is used to describe Mary in Isaiah 7:14?

alma

Which verse in Luke states that Mary had "no relations with man" before Jesus' birth?

Along with the Nicene Creed, which other Christian creed asserts the Virgin birth of Jesus?

the Apostles' Creed

What century was the Apostles' Creed written in?

I'm not sure.

When Isaiah spoke to Mary he called her by what Hebrew word?

I'm not sure.

In what century did Mary fulfill the prophecy?

I'm not sure.

Which creed was written by Isaiah?

I'm not sure.


In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray to her. Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine and prayers to her are not answered by her, they are answered by God. The four Catholic dogmas regarding Mary are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Immaculate Conception (of Mary) and Assumption of Mary.

What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church?

Blessed

What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived?

beatus

How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary?

four

Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary?

Perpetual virginity of Mary

What title did Mary give to the Catholic Church?

I'm not sure.

Since Mary states that she is not divine, what teachings carry on her statements?

I'm not sure.

Where does Mary send prayers to?

I'm not sure.

How many Latin dogmas are there regarding Mary?

I'm not sure.

What state was Mary in before giving birth to Jesus?

I'm not sure.


The views of the Church Fathers still play an important role in the shaping of Orthodox Marian perspective. However, the Orthodox views on Mary are mostly doxological, rather than academic: they are expressed in hymns, praise, liturgical poetry and the veneration of icons. One of the most loved Orthodox Akathists (i.e. standing hymns) is devoted to Mary and it is often simply called the Akathist Hymn. Five of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodoxy are dedicated to Mary. The Sunday of Orthodoxy directly links the Virgin Mary's identity as Mother of God with icon veneration. A number of Orthodox feasts are connected with the miraculous icons of the Theotokos.

What are Akathists?

standing hymns

How many of the Orthodox Great Feasts dedicated to Mary?

Five

What is name of the Orthodox hymn devoted to Mary?

the Akathist Hymn

Which event on the Orthodox calendar is related to Mary and icon veneration?

Sunday of Orthodoxy

Who wrote the Akathist Hymn?

I'm not sure.

How many of the of the twelve Great Feasts in Orthodoxy did Mary attend?

I'm not sure.

On what day does the Mother of God allow icon veneration?

I'm not sure.

How many Orthodox feasts are connected with the miraculous icons of the Theotokos?

I'm not sure.

What does Mary also call Akathists?

I'm not sure.


Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. This feast is called in older prayer books the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 2. The Annunciation of our Lord to the Blessed Virgin on March 25 was from before the time of Bede until the 18th century New Year's Day in England. The Annunciation is called the "Annunciation of our Lady" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. Anglicans also celebrate in the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin on 31 May, though in some provinces the traditional date of July 2 is kept. The feast of the St. Mary the Virgin is observed on the traditional day of the Assumption, August 15. The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is kept on September 8.

What is the name given to the Annunciation in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer?

Annunciation of our Lady

On what date do most Anglicans celebrate the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin?

31 May

What is another name for the feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple in the Anglican Communion?

the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary

On what date is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple celebrated by Anglicans?

February 2

On what day was the Annunciation tradtionally celebrated in England until the 18th century?

New Year's Day

When did Mary attain the special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer"?

I'm not sure.

When was Jesus born of the Virgin Mary?

I'm not sure.

On what day is the Presentation of Christ in the Temple?

I'm not sure.

What year was the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary?

I'm not sure.

Who brought Book of Common Prayer to England?

I'm not sure.


Protestants in general reject the veneration and invocation of the Saints.:1174 Protestants typically hold that Mary was the mother of Jesus, but was an ordinary woman devoted to God. Therefore, there is virtually no Marian veneration, Marian feasts, Marian pilgrimages, Marian art, Marian music or Marian spirituality in today's Protestant communities. Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices are at times rejected, e.g., theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its Mariology".

Which theologian described Mariology as "the heresy of the Catholic Church?"

Karl Barth

Protestants hold that Mary had what relationship to Jesus?

mother

Protestants reject what practices in relation to the Saints?

veneration and invocation

Protestants describe Mary as devoted to whom?

God

How many pieces of Marian music did theologian Karl Barth write?

I'm not sure.

How many of the Saints reject the Protestants?

I'm not sure.

Mary stated that she was the mother of Jesus, but also referred to herself as?

I'm not sure.

What feasts did Karl Barth attend?

I'm not sure.

Who took the very first Marian Pilgrimage?

I'm not sure.


The statement that Joseph "knew her not till she brought forth her first born son" (Matthew 1:25 DouayRheims) has been debated among scholars, with some saying that she did not remain a virgin and some saying that she was a perpetual virgin. Other scholars contend that the Greek word heos (i.e., until) denotes a state up to a point, but does not mean that the state ended after that point, and that Matthew 1:25 does not confirm or deny the virginity of Mary after the birth of Jesus. According to Biblical scholar Bart Ehrman the Hebrew word almah, meaning young woman of childbearing age, was translated into Greek as parthenos, which only means virgin, in Isaiah 7:14, which is commonly believed by Christians to be the prophecy of the Virgin Mary referred to in Matthew 1:23. While Matthew and Luke give differing versions of the virgin birth, John quotes the uninitiated Philip and the disbelieving Jews gathered at Galilee referring to Joseph as Jesus's father.

Who do Christians believe is prophesized in Isaiah 7:14?

Virgin Mary

What is the meaning of the Greek word "heos?"

until

Which verse in Matthew is believed to refer to Isaiah's prohecy of the Virgin Mary?

Which Gospel writer provided a version of the virgin birth that was different than Matthew's?

Luke

What is the English tranlation of the Greek word "parthenos?"

virgin

Who knew Mary before she brought forth her first born son?

I'm not sure.

Where did Philip first meet Joseph?

I'm not sure.

Where did Matthew and Luke gather with the disbelieving Jews?

I'm not sure.

What Biblical scholar currently believes that Mary was a perpetual virgin?

I'm not sure.

What language does Biblical scholar Bart Ehrmam primarily speak?

I'm not sure.


The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: "And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... And looking at those who sat in a circle around him, Jesus said, 'These are my mother and my brothers. Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother'."[3:31-35] Other verses suggest a conflict between Jesus and his family, including an attempt to have Jesus restrained because "he is out of his mind", and the famous quote: "A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home." A leading Biblical scholar commented: "there are clear signs not only that Jesus's family rejected his message during his public ministry but that he in turn spurned them publicly".

Who did Jesus say were his "brother, and sister, and mother?"

Whoever does the will of God

According to Jesus, who is "without honor except in his own town?"

A prophet

What do some Biblical scholars claim that Jesus' family did with his message during his ministry?

rejected

Who had a conflict with Jesus and his family?

I'm not sure.

Who did Jesus send a message to while he was standing outside?

I'm not sure.

Who embraced his family according to the New Testament?

I'm not sure.

What was Mary reading when she was standing outside?

I'm not sure.


Although the Catholics and the Orthodox may honor and venerate Mary, they do not view her as divine, nor do they worship her. Roman Catholics view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. Similarly Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote that the Orthodox view Mary as "superior to all created beings" and "ceaselessly pray for her intercession". However, she is not considered a "substitute for the One Mediator" who is Christ. "Let Mary be in honor, but let worship be given to the Lord", he wrote. Similarly, Catholics do not worship Mary as a divine being, but rather "hyper-venerate" her. In Roman Catholic theology, the term hyperdulia is reserved for Marian veneration, latria for the worship of God, and dulia for the veneration of other saints and angels. The definition of the three level hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia goes back to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.

What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology?

hyperdulia

In what year was the hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia established?

Who is venerated in the Roman Catholic practice of dulia?

other saints and angels

Which theologian wrote that Mary is considered to be "superior to all created beings," but is not to be the object of worhip?

Sergei Bulgakov

What is the Roman Catholic term used to denote the worship of God?

latria

When did the the Second Council of Nicaea begin?

I'm not sure.

When did the the Second Council of Nicaea end?

I'm not sure.

What is the Ortodox term used to denote the worship of God?

I'm not sure.

What is the Ortodox term reserved for Marian veneration?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Sergei Bulgakov attend the Second Council of Nicaea?

I'm not sure.


Mary is referred to by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Anglican Church, and all Eastern Catholic Churches as Theotokos, a title recognized at the Third Ecumenical Council (held at Ephesus to address the teachings of Nestorius, in 431). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer". The equivalent phrase "Mater Dei" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek (Μήτηρ Θεοῦ), in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God".

In what year did the Third Ecumenical Council occur in Ephesus?

Whose teachings were addressed at the Third Ecumenical Council?

Nestorius

What does the phrase "Mater Dei" mean?

Mother of God

What are the two Latin equivalents of the Greek term "Theokotos?"

"Deipara" and "Dei genetrix"

What is the literal translation of Theokotos?

Godbearer

In what year did Mary attend the Third Ecumenical Council?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of the Council where Mary meet Nestorius?

I'm not sure.

What language was spoken by Nestorius?

I'm not sure.

What language was spoken by the Church Fathers?

I'm not sure.

When did Mary meet the Church Fathers?

I'm not sure.


Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church.

On what date is the feast of the Immaculate Conception in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church?

December 8

Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

Pope Pius IX

In what year did Pope Pius IX make his Ex Cathedra proclamation of the Immaculate Conception of Mary?

According to the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, where was Mary when she first become filled with grace?

in her mother's womb

What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?"

ancestral sin

On what day did Mary attend The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church liturgical feast?

I'm not sure.

When did Pope Pius IX become a Roman Catholic?

I'm not sure.

What language, besides Latin, did Pope Pius IX speak?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Orthodox Christians reject the Ex Cathedra?

I'm not sure.


The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generations. Zachariah placed Mary on the third step of the altar, whereby God gave her grace. While in the temple, Mary was miraculously fed by an angel, until she was twelve years old. At that point an angel told Zachariah to betroth Mary to a widower in Israel, who would be indicated. This story provides the theme of many hymns for the Feast of Presentation of Mary, and icons of the feast depict the story. The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: "The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church."

What book is considered to be the source of many Orthodox beliefs regarding Mary?

The Protoevangelium of James

At what age was Mary consecrated?

three

Which priest officiated at Mary's consecration?

Zachariah

While Mary lived in the temple, who was said to have fed her?

an angel

Who blessed The High Priest Zachariah?

I'm not sure.

On what step of the altar did Mary place herself on?

I'm not sure.

For how many years did Mary feed angels?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote The Protoevangelium of James?

I'm not sure.

How old was Mary when she traveled to Israel?

I'm not sure.


In the Islamic tradition, Mary and Jesus were the only children who could not be touched by Satan at the moment of their birth, for God imposed a veil between them and Satan. According to author Shabbir Akhtar, the Islamic perspective on Mary's Immaculate Conception is compatible with the Catholic doctrine of the same topic. "O People of the Book! Do not go beyond the bounds in your religion, and do not say anything of Allah but the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was but a Messenger of God, and a Word of His (Power) which He conveyed to Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in Allah (as the One, Unique God), and His Messengers (including Jesus, as Messenger); and do not say: (Allah is one of) a trinity. Give up (this assertion) â€" (it is) for your own good (to do so). Allah is but One Allah ; All-Glorified He is in that He is absolutely above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And Allah suffices as the One to be relied on, to Whom affairs should be referred." Quran 4/171

Which religion believes that God put a veil between Satan and Mary?

Islamic

According to Shabbir Akhtar, what role does Islam believe Jesus to hold?

a Messenger of God

Who does the Islamic religion hold to be the One, Unique God?

Allah

What term is used to refer to Christains by author Shabbir Akhtar?

People of the Book

Who were the only children that could touch Satan?

I'm not sure.

When did God remove the veil imposed between them (Mary and Jesus) and Satan?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote that Allah is not above having a son?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the Catholic perspective on Mary's Immaculate Conception?

I'm not sure.