Roofing shingles account for most of the remaining asphalt/bitumen consumption. Other uses include cattle sprays, fence-post treatments, and waterproofing for fabrics. Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel, and it is also used in paint and marker inks by some graffiti supply companies to increase the weather resistance and permanence of the paint or ink, and to make the color much darker.[citation needed] Asphalt/bitumen is also used to seal some alkaline batteries during the manufacturing process.

Besides fuels and paving, what accounts for most of the other use of bitumen?

Roofing shingles

What lacquer is bitumen used to make for iron and steel production?

Japan black

Why is Japan black used for outdoor paint?

weather resistance

Besides weather resistance, why else is Japan black used in paints?

permanence

What product is bitumen used in manufacturing as a sealant?

alkaline batteries

What accounts for nearly all the remaining graffiti consumption?

I'm not sure.

Other uses of paint or ink include cattle sprays, fence- post treatments and what else?

I'm not sure.

Cattle sprays can be used to seal what type of batteries?

I'm not sure.

What lacquer is known for its use on paint and ink?

I'm not sure.

What lacquer is used to make the color lighter?

I'm not sure.


The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.

What language originated the word bitumen?

Sanskrit

What does the Sanskrit word translate as?

pitch creating

To what English word does the Latin translate?

pitch

Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?

French

To what word does the Anglo Saxon translate?

mastix

Where did the expression "French" originate?

I'm not sure.

Where did the French expression "bitumen" originate?

I'm not sure.

What does the Anglo Saxon word Kitt mean?

I'm not sure.

What does the German word cwidu mean?

I'm not sure.

What does the Norse word kitt mean?

I'm not sure.


Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "coal tar", which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of tar to macadam roads led to the word tarmac, which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt/bitumen has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. Pitch is another term sometimes used at times to refer to asphalt/bitumen, as in Pitch Lake.

To what similar substance can asphalt be confused?

coal tar

For what was coal tar used in road paving?

binder

What is the common word is used to describe the combination of tar and macadam?

tarmac

What use has pushed out the need to produce roads with coal tar?

natural gas

Instead of tar, what does the La Brea Tars Pits contain?

bitumen

What is a blood orange color and sometimes confused with "coal tar"?

I'm not sure.

Which similar endothermic material is sometimes confused with asphalt?

I'm not sure.

Which similar oil can asphalt be confused with?

I'm not sure.

Coal tar has totally overtaken the use of asphalt since which decade?

I'm not sure.

What was used as pitch for road aggregates?

I'm not sure.


One hundred years after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone. An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys, states that he had discovered the existence (of asphaltum) in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel", and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways – "principally in the construction of air-proof granaries, and in protecting, by means of the arches, the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces" in palaces, "the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation". But it was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830. Then, in the 1830s, there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes". Its rise in Europe was "a sudden phenomenon", after natural deposits were found "in France at Osbann (BasRhin), the Parc (l'Ain) and the Puy-de-la-Poix (Puy-de-Dome)", although it could also be made artificially. One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.

Who described the use of bitumen and pitch to tar ships?

Pierre Belon

When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?

In what year did a French magazine describe the use of asphalt?

After what event in France did  asphalt begin to be used for pavements and assorted other uses?

revolution of 1830

Where in France in 1835 was asphalt used to lay pavement?

Place de la Concorde

In what year was the rise of Constantinople?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the fall of Observations?

I'm not sure.

In Observations, Monsieur d'Eyrinys described what?

I'm not sure.

In which year did an edition of Parisian Magazine cite an early use of asphalt in France?

I'm not sure.

In which year did an edition of Mechanics Magazine cite an early use of asphalt in Spain?

I'm not sure.


In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France", and "laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks, "and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry". "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production", with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".

In what year did Claridge acquire patents for the use of asphalt?

From what French mine did Claridge offer asphalt?

Pyrimont Seysell

What did Claridge's formation of a company with distinguished backers help inspire?

British asphalt industry

In what famous place did Claridge first begin to lay and test the use of asphalt pavement?

Whitehall

By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt?

two

For how many patents did Claridge seek extensions in 1822?

I'm not sure.

The Canterbury Patent Asphalte Company was established in what year?

I'm not sure.

Who's Patent Asphalte Company was established in 1988?

I'm not sure.

What were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway of Canterbury?

I'm not sure.


Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded European to see it. However, it wasn't until 1787 that fur trader and explorer Alexander MacKenzie saw the Athabasca oil sands and said, "At about 24 miles from the fork (of the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers) are some bituminous fountains into which a pole of 20 feet long may be inserted without the least resistance."

What country has the largest deposits of bitumen?

Canada

For what  did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material?

canoes

Who was the first European trader to see asphalt?

Henry Kelsey

For what trading company did Kelsey work?

Hudson’s Bay Company

Who was the first European to see the Athabascan oil sands?

Alexander MacKenzie

Which country has North America's largest deposit of naturally occurring bitumen?

I'm not sure.

Canada is home to the world's smallest deposit of what?

I'm not sure.

Where is the world's smallest natural bitumen deposit located?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Athabasca see the oil sands?

I'm not sure.

Alexander MacKenzie was a oil trader and saw the oil sands in what year?

I'm not sure.


Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen. This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 inches) thick.

What is the percentage of binder in mastic asphalt?

How much additional binder does rolled asphalt concrete have?

How is asphalt used in the construction industry?

waterproofing

Prior to spreading, how hot is mastic asphalt heated?

210 °C

What is the usual thickness of the mastic spread on roofs?

20 millimeters

What percentage of concrete is in mastic asphalt?

I'm not sure.

What is a type of impervious barrier that differs from dense graded asphalt?

I'm not sure.

Mastic asphalt is the same as dense graded asphalt because why?

I'm not sure.

Rolled asphalt concrete has contains around 7% what?

I'm not sure.

What is widely used in buildings for making asphalt waterproof?

I'm not sure.


Because of the difficulty of moving crude bitumen through pipelines, non-upgraded bitumen is usually diluted with natural-gas condensate in a form called dilbit or with synthetic crude oil, called synbit. However, to meet international competition, much non-upgraded bitumen is now sold as a blend of multiple grades of bitumen, conventional crude oil, synthetic crude oil, and condensate in a standardized benchmark product such as Western Canadian Select. This sour, heavy crude oil blend is designed to have uniform refining characteristics to compete with internationally marketed heavy oils such as Mexican Mayan or Arabian Dubai Crude.

What is done to crude bitumen to promote its movement through pipelines?

diluted

What is the natural gas condensate used to dilute bitumen?

dilbit

What is the synthetic crude additive to bitumen called?

synbit

What is the usually sold standard blend of bitumen and oils named?

Western Canadian Select

In what uniform use was Western Canadian Select meant to excel?

refining

Because it's easy to move what through pipelines is non upgraded bitumen is usually diluted?

I'm not sure.

What is upgraded bitumen now sold as to meet international competition?

I'm not sure.

What is non-upgraded bitumen now sold as to meet national competition?

I'm not sure.

The bitter and light crude oil mix is designed to competed with what types of oils?

I'm not sure.

The sour and heavy crude oil mix is designed to competed with what types of benchmarks?

I'm not sure.


Asphalt/bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites. However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct. The vast Alberta bitumen resources are believed to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta. They were covered by mud, buried deeply over the eons, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F). Due to pressure from the rising of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, 80 to 55 million years ago, the oil was driven northeast hundreds of kilometres into underground sand deposits left behind by ancient river beds and ocean beaches, thus forming the oil sands.

To what is the organic matter in asphalt similar?

meteorites

What did the Alberta bitumen mines begin as?

living material

What kind of living materials formed the basis of bitumen?

plants and animals

What feature originally covered Alberta?

ocean

What temperatures did the organic deposits need to form bitumen over the eons?

50 to 150 °C

Bitumen is similar to inorganic matter in what type of meteorites?

I'm not sure.

Bitumen varies greatly from organic matter found in what type of meteorites?

I'm not sure.

Thousands of years ago an ancient ocean covered which area?

I'm not sure.

How many years ago were the Rocky Mountains covered in an ancient ocean?

I'm not sure.

How many years ago did the Rocky Mountains arise in northeastern Alberta?

I'm not sure.


Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants. Other typical applications include the production of mastic asphalts for sidewalks, bridges, car-parks and urban roads as well as drilling fluid additives for the oil and gas industry. Selenizza is available in powder or in granular material of various particle sizes and is packaged in big bags or in thermal fusible polyethylene bags.

What component is added to bitumen to improve it?

Selenizza

To what other paving material is Selenizza added?

mastic asphalts

What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?

fluid additives

In what form is Selenizza offered?

granular

How is Selenizza shipped?

bags

What is mostly used as an additive in constructing recycling rings?

I'm not sure.

What is available in powder or fluid form and offered in various particle sizes?

I'm not sure.

What is Selenizza mixed with to improve resistance to bridges?

I'm not sure.

What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties?

I'm not sure.

What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks?

I'm not sure.


In British English, the word 'asphalt' is used to refer to a mixture of mineral aggregate and asphalt/bitumen (also called tarmac in common parlance). When bitumen is mixed with clay it is usually called asphaltum. The earlier word 'asphaltum' is now archaic and not commonly used.[citation needed] In American English, 'asphalt' is equivalent to the British 'bitumen'. However, 'asphalt' is also commonly used as a shortened form of 'asphalt concrete' (therefore equivalent to the British 'asphalt' or 'tarmac'). In Australian English, bitumen is often used as the generic term for road surfaces. In Canadian English, the word bitumen is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil, while asphalt is used for the oil refinery product used to pave roads and manufacture roof shingles and various waterproofing products. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as dilbit in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as syncrude and syncrude blended with bitumen as synbit. Bitumen is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.

To what type of aggregate did asphalt used to refer?

mixture

What is the mixture of bitumen and minerals called?

tarmac

When mixed wit clay, what is bitumen called?

asphaltum

With what word in America, is bitumen used interchangeably?

'asphalt

What is the geological term for asphalt?

Bitumen

What is the shortened form of asphalt tarmac?

I'm not sure.

Bitumen is often used as a generic word for roof shingles in which language?

I'm not sure.

in which industry is concentrated bitumen known as dilbit?

I'm not sure.

Which is the preferred geographical term for natural deposits?

I'm not sure.

What type of rock forms from limestone mixed with bitumen?

I'm not sure.


Bitumen was the nemesis of many artists during the 19th century. Although widely used for a time, it ultimately proved unstable for use in oil painting, especially when mixed with the most common diluents, such as linseed oil, varnish and turpentine. Unless thoroughly diluted, bitumen never fully solidifies and will in time corrupt the other pigments with which it comes into contact. The use of bitumen as a glaze to set in shadow or mixed with other colors to render a darker tone resulted in the eventual deterioration of many paintings, for instance those of Delacroix. Perhaps the most famous example of the destructiveness of bitumen is Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa (1818–1819), where his use of bitumen caused the brilliant colors to degenerate into dark greens and blacks and the paint and canvas to buckle.

What pigment did 19th century artists use that was deemed unfavorably?

Bitumen

What did bitumen when used as a paint not do correctly?

solidifies

What did even limited use of bitumen do to damage paintings?

deterioration

What artist's work i considered to be an example of the damaging effects of bitumen?

Théodore Géricault's

What major problem did bitumen as a pigment show itself to be?

unstable

What was the nemesis of many singers during the 19th century?

I'm not sure.

What was the nemesis of many artists during the 21th century?

I'm not sure.

Bitumen proved stable for use in what type of painting?

I'm not sure.

Bitumen will always fully solidify when what?

I'm not sure.

What is an example of the destructiveness of linseed oil?

I'm not sure.


In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalte Co., although Clarmac was more widely used.[note 1] However, the First World War impacted financially on the Clarmac Company, which entered into liquidation in 1915. The failure of Clarmac Roads Ltd had a flow-on effect to Claridge's Company, which was itself compulsorily wound up, ceasing operations in 1917, having invested a substantial amount of funds into the new venture, both at the outset, and in a subsequent attempt to save the Clarmac Company.

Which of Claridge's two tar macadams was the more successful?

Clarmac

When did Claridge's company liquidate?

What world event caused the end of Claridge's company?

First World War

What was the subsidiary company that lead Claridge into ruin?

Clarmac Roads Ltd

What kind of money did Claridge  invest in attempting  to save his companies?

substantial amount

In what year was the liquidation of the Patent Clarmac Company?

I'm not sure.

Which company's failure had a flow-over effect on the First World War?

I'm not sure.

What did the Second World War do?

I'm not sure.

What happened to the Clarmac Company in 1917?

I'm not sure.

What happened to Claridge's Company in 1915?

I'm not sure.


The largest use of asphalt/bitumen is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces and accounts for approximately 85% of the asphalt consumed in the United States. Asphalt concrete pavement mixes are typically composed of 5% asphalt/bitumen cement and 95% aggregates (stone, sand, and gravel). Due to its highly viscous nature, asphalt/bitumen cement must be heated so it can be mixed with the aggregates at the asphalt mixing facility. The temperature required varies depending upon characteristics of the asphalt/bitumen and the aggregates, but warm-mix asphalt technologies allow producers to reduce the temperature required. There are about 4,000 asphalt concrete mixing plants in the U.S., and a similar number in Europe.

What is the biggest use of asphalt?

road surfaces

How much is the percentage of use of bitumen for roads is there in the US?

How much bitumen is in usual concrete mixtures?

What percentage of concrete mixes is aggregates?

How many concrete plants are in the US?

Accounting for nearly 75% of asphalt consumption, what is the largest use of asphalt for?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of bitumen consumption in Europe makes up that used for concrete road surfaces?

I'm not sure.

What must happen to plants so they can be mixed with aggregates?

I'm not sure.

What must be cooled so it can mix with aggregates?

I'm not sure.

Europe has 0 asphalt concrete mixing plants and the United States has how many?

I'm not sure.


Synthetic crude oil, also known as syncrude, is the output from a bitumen upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production in Canada. Bituminous sands are mined using enormous (100 ton capacity) power shovels and loaded into even larger (400 ton capacity) dump trucks for movement to an upgrading facility. The process used to extract the bitumen from the sand is a hot water process originally developed by Dr. Karl Clark of the University of Alberta during the 1920s. After extraction from the sand, the bitumen is fed into a bitumen upgrader which converts it into a light crude oil equivalent. This synthetic substance is fluid enough to be transferred through conventional oil pipelines and can be fed into conventional oil refineries without any further treatment. By 2015 Canadian bitumen upgraders were producing over 1 million barrels (160×10^3 m3) per day of synthetic crude oil, of which 75% was exported to oil refineries in the United States.

What is synthetic crude oil usually called?

syncrude

Where is the mined bitumen taken for refining?

upgrading facility

Who invented the process for removing bitumen from sands?

Dr. Karl Clark

Un what decade did Clark develop the hot water removal process?

How many barrels of crude were upgraders making per day by 2015?

1 million barrels

What is also known as synClark oil?

I'm not sure.

What type of oil is also known as suncryde?

I'm not sure.

A cold water process is used to extract what from sand?

I'm not sure.

A cold water process is used when extracting bitumen from what?

I'm not sure.

What process did Dr. Karl Clark develop at the University of Canada in 1935?

I'm not sure.


About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). The resulting material is typically further treated to extract small but valuable amounts of lubricants and to adjust the properties of the material to suit applications. In a de-asphalting unit, the crude asphalt is treated with either propane or butane in a supercritical phase to extract the lighter molecules, which are then separated. Further processing is possible by "blowing" the product: namely reacting it with oxygen. This step makes the product harder and more viscous.

How many tons of bitumen ere produced in 1984?

What boiling point is considered to be the for asphalt?

500 °C

What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials?

Vacuum distillation

What is the process used to harden the asphalt?

blowing

In processing asphalt, what is the unit used to separate it?

de-asphalting

How many tons were produced in 1927?

I'm not sure.

About 30,000,000 tons were produced in what year?

I'm not sure.

What is material with a boiling point over 200 degrees Celsius considered?

I'm not sure.

Asphalt is considered material with a freezing point below how many degrees?

I'm not sure.

Which step makes the product less viscous and softer?

I'm not sure.


Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disulphide), with a penetration value near to zero and a softening point (ring & ball) around 120 °C. The insoluble matter, consisting mainly of silica ore, ranges from 8% to 17%.

To what location is Selenizza bitumen native?

Selenice, in Albania

What is it about the mine that is unusual?

still in use

In what way is Selenizza bitumen geologically different than bitumen found in sands?

rock asphalt

What is the variance in bitumen content rock asphalt?

83% to 92%

How is the rock asphalt mainly found?

veins

The soluble matter consists mainly of silica ore and ranges from what percentage?

I'm not sure.

What type of matter ranges from 7% to 20%?

I'm not sure.

The veins are found in the form of what?

I'm not sure.

What content varies from 80% to 93%?

I'm not sure.


People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement.

By what means can humans be exposed to bitumen?

fumes or skin

What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period?

5 mg/m3

How must asphalt be treated to be workable?

heated or diluted

At what temperatures is heated asphalt seen to be a greater health risk?

greater than 199 °C

What feature in the treatment of asphalt in the workplace causes the most potential danger?

temperature

How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work?

I'm not sure.

Temperatures higher than 300 degrees Celsius where shown to do what?

I'm not sure.

What is the REL set by the National Institute for Research on Cancer?

I'm not sure.

What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards?

I'm not sure.


Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.

Who did Victoria marry?

Prince Albert

What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?

the grandmother of Europe

What year did Prince Albert die?

How many children did she have?

nine

In the later half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?

her popularity recovered

How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?

nine

What was the year of Alberts death?

Queen Victorias Golden and Diamond jubilees were a time of public what?

celebration

What was the name the first cousing that Victoria married?

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria because all of her children married into noble families?

first cousin

What was the name of the first cousin that Queen Victoria was married to?

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Whatyear did Victoria marry Prince Albert?

How many children did Victoria and Albert have?

nine

What year did Prince Albert die?

Due to Victorias mourning over Alberts death, what political party gained strength?

republicanism

When did Queen Victoria get married?

What was the name of Victoria's husband?

Prince Albert

What was Queen Victoria's nickname?

the grandmother of Europe

When did republicanism gain strength during Queen Victoria's reign?

After Albert's death in 1861

How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?

nine

Who did Victoria marry?

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?

How many children did Victoria and Prince Albert have?

nine

What was Victoria's unofficial title?

the grandmother of Europe

When did Prince Albert die?

Who did Victoria divorce?

I'm not sure.

What is her nickname that she was given because her siblings married into royal families across the continent?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Prince Albert die?

I'm not sure.

How many children didn't she have?

I'm not sure.

In the earlier half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?

I'm not sure.


Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.

Who was extremely protective over Victoria?

mother

What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?

Kensington System

Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?

Sir John Conroy

What was Victoria's dog's name?

Dash

During her free time, what did she play with?

dolls

Who did Victoria share a bedroom with when she was a child?

her mother

What languages did Victoria take lessons in?

French, German, Italian, and Latin

What was the only language Victoria spoke at home?

English

Who was Victoria's mothers lover?

Sir John Conroy

What is the formal name given to the system of rules Victoria was raised under?

Kensington System

What system did Victorias mother raise her under?

Kensington System

Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?

Sir John Conroy

Who was rumored to be Victorias mothers lover?

Sir John Conroy

Who was the Duchess's suspected lover?

Sir John Conroy

What was the name of Victoria's childhood dog?

Dash

What was the Kensington System?

an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess

How did Victoria describe her childhood?

rather melancholy

What languages did Victoria study?

French, German, Italian, and Latin

What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?

Dash

What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?

French, German, Italian, and Latin

What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?

Kensington System

Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?

Sir John Conroy

Who was included in the list of people that the Duchess and Sir John Conroy didn't want the Princess Victoria associating with?

most of her father's family

Who was extremely unprotective over Victoria?

I'm not sure.

What system of rules kept her in contact with other children?

I'm not sure.

Who was the Dutchess' rumored friend?

I'm not sure.

What was Victoria's cat's name?

I'm not sure.

During her free time, what didn't she play with?

I'm not sure.


In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle".

Who was Victoria's eighth child?

Leopold

What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?

chloroform

What did Victoria suffer from after he pregnancies?

post-natal depression

Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth?

thought it dangerous

What did Albert complain about Victoria?

her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle"

What was the name of Victoria's eighth child?

Leopold

What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?

chloroform

What year did Victoria give birth to her final child?

What was the name of Victoria's final child?

Beatrice

Hysteria and loss of control after the birts of many of her children were likely caused by what?

post-natal depression

When did Victoria give birth to her eigth child?

What was the name of Victorias eighth child?

Leopold

What was the name of the new anesthetic used during leopolds birth?

chloroform.

What year was victorias final child born?

What was the name of Victorias final child?

Beatrice

Who was Victoria's eighth child?

Leopold

What was the new anastethetic Victoria used in her last two childbirths?

chloroform

When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born?

Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform?

considered it against biblical teaching

What did Albert complain about in letters to Victoria after the birth of her children?

loss of self-control

What was the name of Victoria's eigth child?

Leopold

What was a new anaesthetic being used for childbirth in Victoria's time?

chloroform

What was the name of Victoria's ninth child?

Beatrice

Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform for childbirth?

considered it against biblical teaching

After nine pregnancies, what could Victoria have been suffering from that would make her sad and depressed?

post-natal depression

Who was Victoria's 18th child?

I'm not sure.

What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her 18th child?

I'm not sure.

What did Victoria not suffer from after he pregnancies?

I'm not sure.

Why did medical professionals advise using an anaesthetic during childbirth?

I'm not sure.

What did Albert not complain about Victoria?

I'm not sure.


In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor".

During which year did Victoria's mother die?

How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?

Through reading her mother's papers

What was Albert ill with?

chronic stomach trouble

What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin?

army manoeuvres

What did Victoria blame Albert's death on?

Prince of Wales's philandering

What year did Victoria's mother die?

Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother?

Conroy and Lehzen

Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death?

Albert

What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief?

chronic stomach trouble

What year did Albert die?

When did Victoria's mother die?

March 1861

What disease was Albert diagnosed with?

typhoid fever

When did Albert die of his illness?

14 December 1861

What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death?

widow of Windsor

Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with?

an actress in Ireland

When did the Duchess die?

Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?

Conroy and Lehzen

What caused Prince Albert's death?

typhoid fever

Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?

their son, the Prince of Wales

What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son?

had slept with an actress in Ireland

During which year did Victoria's mother live?

I'm not sure.

How did Victoria realize that her mother slightly loved her?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Albert ill with?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Princess of Wales attending to in Dublin?

I'm not sure.

What didn't Victoria blame Albert's death on?

I'm not sure.


On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".

Who shot at the queen?

Roderick Maclean

When was the shooting?

2 March 1882

What was Maclean's occupation?

poet

Which college were to two boys attending?

Eton College

With what did the college boy's hit the shooter with?

umbrellas

Who shot Queen Victoria?

Roderick Maclean

What year was the Queen shot?

Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?

Two schoolboys from Eton College

How did the schoolboys stop Maclean?

struck him with their umbrellas

What did the court determine was the fate for Maclean after shooting the Queen?

not guilty by reason of insanity

What disgruntled poet shot at Victoria's carriage on March 2, 1882?

Roderick Maclean

What school did the boys who defended the Queen with umbrellas attend?

Eton College

What was the verdict in Roderick Maclean's trial?

he was found not guilty by reason of insanity

What provoked the attack on Queen Victoria as she left Windsor?

offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems

What was Victoria's reaction to the verdict?

outraged

Who attempted to assassinate the Queen?

Roderick Maclean

What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?

not guilty by reason of insanity

What position did Victoria take on being shot at?

"worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved"

When did Maclean attempt to shoot Victoria?

2 March 1882

Why did Maclean shoot at Victoria?

refusal to accept one of his poems

Who never shot at the queen?

I'm not sure.

When wasn't the shooting?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Maclean's occupation?

I'm not sure.

Which college were to two girls attending?

I'm not sure.

With what didn't the college boy's hit the shooter with?

I'm not sure.


Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.

What year did Gladstone return to power?

How old was Gladstone in 1892?

What year did Gladstone retire?

What position did Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery?

prime minister

What year did Gadstone return to power?

How old was Gladstone when he returned to power?

82 years old

What year did Gladstone retire?

Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?

Lord Rosebery

Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?

Lord Salisbury

How old was Gladstone after the general election in 1892?

82 years old

What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone?

Henry Labouchere

Who did Victoria appoint to Prime Minister after Gladstone retired in 1894?

Lord Rosebery

Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government?

Lord Salisbury

How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?

for the remainder of Victoria's reign

Who was returned to power in 1892?

Gladstone

Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?

Lord Rosebery

How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister?

His government was weak

Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?

Lord Salisbury

How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?

the remainder of Victoria's reign

What year did Gladstone first get to power?

I'm not sure.

How old was Gladstone in 1829?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Gladstone retire?

I'm not sure.

What position didn't Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery?

I'm not sure.


In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil. An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park. As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum, it began to snow.

Which two people helped lift Victoria's body into the coffin?

Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught

What item from her wedding was Victoria dressed in inside her coffin?

wedding veil

What color was her dress?

white

Who's dressing gown was placed by her side?

Albert's

What year did Queen Victoria die?

What clothing was Queen Victoria laid to rest in?

a white dress and her wedding veil

A plaster cast of what part of Alberts body was placed in the coffin with the Queen?

his hand

What was placed in the Queens left hand when she was placed in her coffin?

a lock of John Brown's hair

Where was the funeral of Queen Victoria held?

St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle

What did Victoria wear upon her death in her coffin?

She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil

Whose lock of hair was concealed in her left hand by flowers?

John Brown

When did John Brown give Victoria his mother's wedding ring?

When was Queen Victoria's funeral held?

Saturday, 2 February

Where was Queen Victoria laid to rest after her death?

Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park

Where was Victoria laid to rest?

Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park

When was Queen Victoria's funeral held?

2 February

What was hidden in Queen Victoria's hand by her father's family?

a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him

How was Victoria dressed for burial?

a white dress and her wedding veil

Who placed Victoria into her coffin?

Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught

Which three people helped lift Victoria's body into the coffin?

I'm not sure.

What item from her wedding was Victoria not dressed in inside her coffin?

I'm not sure.

What color wasn't her dress?

I'm not sure.

Who's dressing gown was placed outside?

I'm not sure.

What year didn't Queen Victoria die?

I'm not sure.


Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see." However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.

Who was considered Victoria's best and kindest advisor?

uncle Leopold

Who did Victoria describe as sensible, kind, and amiable?

Albert

Who introduced Albert to Victoria?

uncle Leopold

What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?

Leopold

How old was Victoria when she met Albert?

Who introduced Victoria and Albert?

her uncle Leopold

What qualities did Victoria believe Albert posessed when she met him?

every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"?

uncle Leopold

Who was Victoria not ready to marry at age 17?

Albert

What was Victoria's opinion of Albert's appearance?

the most pleasing and delightful exterior

Who did Victoria credit for her relationship to Albert?

her uncle Leopold

What did Victoria think of Albert at 17 years of age?

He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy

What were Albert's best qualities?

sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable

How did Victoria find Albert's looks?

most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance

How old was Victoria when she was introduced to Albert?

Who was considered Victoria's worst and kindest advisor?

I'm not sure.

Who did Victoria describe as unsensible, mean, and amiable?

I'm not sure.

Who never introduced Albert to Victoria?

I'm not sure.

What Aunt was Victoria's favorite adviser?

I'm not sure.

How old was Victoria when she last met Albert?

I'm not sure.


In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.

What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

to form a new ministry

In what year did Melbourne resign?

Which party was Sir Robert Peel a part of?

Tory

What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?

bedchamber crisis

What year did Melbourne resign?

Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?

Radicals and Tories

Who did the Queen commission to form a new ministry?

Sir Robert Peel

Who returned to office after Peel resigned?

Melbourne

The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?

the bedchamber crisis

Who resigned their position in 1839?

Melbourne

Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica?

The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.

What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion?

Sir Robert Peel

After Queen Victoria refuse to replace her ladies with wives of Tories, what did Sir Robert Peel do?

resigned his commission

Who did Victoria reappoint to the position after the Bedchamber Crisis?

Melbourne

What did the Radicals and Tories do that made Melbourne resign?

voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica

Which group was resisting the abolisment of slavery and were subsequently removed from power when the bill was voted down?

plantation owners

Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?

wives of Tories

Why did Peel resign his comission?

Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen

Who returned to office after Peel resigned?

Melbourne

What did the King commission Sir Robert Peel to do?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Melbourne get hired?

I'm not sure.

Which party wasn't Sir Robert Peel a part of?

I'm not sure.

What is the name of crisis where the husbands of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?

I'm not sure.

Who voted for the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?

I'm not sure.


Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.

Which two countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?

France and Britain

How was the House of Orleans and the British Royal family related?

by marriage through the Coburgs

Who did Victoria stay with in Normandy?

King Louis Philippe I

What year did Louis Philippe visit England?

What year did Victoria first visit Ireland?

What two countries did Victoria take a large interest in improving relations between?

France and Britain

Queen Victoria set up meetings between The Britian royal family and what house to help improve relations between Britain and France?

House of Orleans

What was the name of the King of Normandy that Victoria and Albert stayed with in 1843 and 1845?

King Louis Philippe I

Who was the first French King to visit Queen Victoria?

Louis Philippe

What year was Victorias first visit to Ireland?

Who was the first French king to visit Queen Victoria?

Louis Philippe

What happened to Louis Philippe after the revolution in France?

fled to exile in England

Where did Victoria and her family retreat to safety during a conflict in 1848?

Osborne House

What nation was visited for the first time by Victoria in 1849?

Ireland

What French family did Victoria try to foster relations with?

House of Orleans

What was one of Victoria's major concerns?

improvement of relations between France and Britain

When was Louis Phillipe deposed?

Where did Victoria and her family go to for safety during the revolutionary scare of April 1848?

Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight

When was Osborne house purchased?

Which groups were demonstrating and trying to bring about a revolution before, ultimately, failing?

Chartists and Irish nationalists

Which three countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?

I'm not sure.

How was the House of Orleans and the British Royal family unrelated?

I'm not sure.

Who didn't Victoria stay with in Normandy?

I'm not sure.

What year did Louis Philippe leave England?

I'm not sure.

What year did Victoria first shun Ireland?

I'm not sure.


On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.

Where was Orsini from?

Britain

Who did Orsini try to assassinate?

Napoleon III

What position did Derby hold?

prime minister

What happened in June 1859?

Victoria recalled Palmerston to office

What was the date of an attempted assasination on Napoleon?

14 January 1858

What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon?

Orsini

Where was the bomb that Orsini used to attempt to assasinate Napoleon made?

England

Who resigned due to the attempt on Napoleons life?

Palmerston

What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858?

port of Cherbourg

Who survived an assasination attempt by the Italian refugee Orsini in 1858?

Napoleon III

Who resigned their position following the scandal due to Orsini's bomb being made in England?

Palmerston

What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858?

Cherbourg

Why did Victoria repremend Derby following her visit with Napolean III?

the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one

Who did Victoria recall to office following her disappointment with Derby in June of 1859?

Palmerston

Who attempted to assassinate Napoleon?

an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini

When did Orsinin attempt to assassinate Napoleon?

14 January 1858

How did Orsini try to assassinate Napoleon?

a bomb

When did Victoria ask Palmerston to resume his office?

June 1859

Where did Victoria visit that led her to reprimand Derby for the state of the Royal Navy?

French military port of Cherbourg

Where wasn't Orsini from?

I'm not sure.

Who did Orsini try not to assassinate?

I'm not sure.

What position didn't Derby hold?

I'm not sure.

What happened in June 1895?

I'm not sure.

What was the date of an assasination on Napoleon?

I'm not sure.


Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel." With the phrase "we authors, Ma'am", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman".

Who died in 1865?

Palmerston

Who resigned in 1868?

Derby

How long was Disraeli in office?

matter of months

Who was Disraeli's rival?

William Ewart Gladstone

What political view did Gladstone hold?

Liberal

What year did Palmerston die?

Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston?

Russell

Who returned to power after Russels brief rule of the ministry?

Derby

Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment?

Who replaced Derby after his resignation?

Benjamin Disraeli

What year did Pamerston die?

What event did Victoria attend in 1866 for the first time following Albert's death?

State Opening of Parliament

What Act by Victoria granted the ability to vote to working men, but not women?

Reform Act 1867

Who replaced Derby when he resigned in 1868?

Benjamin Disraeli

What Liberal replaced Disraeli after only a few short months in office?

William Ewart Gladstone

When did Palmerston die?

Who was ultimately returned to office after Palmerston's death?

Derby

When did Derby resign?

Who was Derby's replacement?

Benjamin Disraeli

How long did Disralei last in office?

only lasted a matter of months

Who died in 1856?

I'm not sure.

Who resigned in 1886?

I'm not sure.

How long was Disraeli not in office?

I'm not sure.

Who wasn't Disraeli's rival?

I'm not sure.

What political view didn't Gladstone hold?

I'm not sure.


In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. Two days later on 23 June, she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindustani, and acting as a clerk. Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus. Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do." Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.

How many kings and princes were invited to the Golden Jubilee?

What year anniversary does the Golden Jubilee celebrate?

fiftieth anniversary

Who accused Karim of spying?

Her family and retainers

What was Munshi lying about?

his parentage

What year was Victoria's Golden Jubilee held?

What was the name of the waited that was promoted to Munshi?

Abdul Karim

Whio was Equerry Frederick Ponsonby's father?

Sir Henry

Who discovered that Victoria's new Munshi lied about his parentage?

Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

Who did Ponsonby report the Munshis lies about his parentage to?

Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India

When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

What was Abdul Karim teaching Queen Victoria after his promotion?

Hindustani

Who was Karim accused of spying for by Victoria's family?

Muslim Patriotic League

Who discovered that Karim had lied about his parentage to Victoria?

Equerry Frederick Ponsonby

What day did Queen Victoria celebrate her Golden Jubilee at a dinner with kings and queens from other nations?

20 June

When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee?

What is the point of the Golden Jubilee?

the fiftieth anniversary of her accession

Who was promoted from waiter to Munshi?

Abdul Karim

Why did Victoria's family disapprove of Abdul Karim?

spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus

How long was Karim in the Queen's employment?

until he returned to India with a pension on her death

How many kings and princes weren't invited to the Golden Jubilee?

I'm not sure.

What year anniversary does the Silver Jubilee celebrate?

I'm not sure.

Who accused Karim of not spying?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Munshi lying about?

I'm not sure.

What year was Victoria's Silver Jubilee held?

I'm not sure.


Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too", she wrote in her journal. "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another."

Who was the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?

Victoria

What year did Queen Victoria first set foot in Spain?

What year did Victoria stop her annual visits to Spain due to the Boer war?

Where did Victoria visit instead of Spain during the Boer war?

Ireland

What year did Victoria's second son Alfred die?

Where did Victoria stay in Spain in 1889?

Biarritz

What war prevented Queen Victoria from taking her annual trip to France in 1900?

Boer War

What country did Victoria visit instead of France during the Boer War?

Ireland

Which of Queen Victoria's children died in July of that year?

her second son Alfred

Where did Victoria often go for holiday?

mainland Europe

In 1889, what was Victoria the first reining monarch from Britian to do?

set foot in Spain

Why did Victoria visit Ireland in 1861?

acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war

Why was Victoria advised not to visit France in April of 1900?

the Boer War

What tragedy did Victoria face in July of 1900?

her second son Alfred ("Affie") died

Who was the last reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?

I'm not sure.

What year did Queen Victoria last set foot in Spain?

I'm not sure.

What year did Victoria start her annual visits to Spain due to the Boer war?

I'm not sure.

Where did Victoria visit instead of France during the Boer war?

I'm not sure.

What year did Victoria's second daughter Alfred die?

I'm not sure.


Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure. Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public. Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date. The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired. They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking.

How tall was Queen Victoria?

no more than five feet tall

The extent of Victorias political influence became well known after the publishing of what?

her diary and letters

What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria?

What year did Cecil Woodham Smith writ Victorias biography?

How tall was Queen Victoria?

five feet

Who wrote the biography about Queen Victoria that is now considered to be out of date?

Lytton Strachey

What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964?

Elizabeth Longford

When did Celcil Woodham-Smith also write a well recieved biography about Victoria?

What was Victoria like, physically?

stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall

When did people really start to understand the political mind of Queen Victoria?

after the release of her diary and letters

Who were two good biographers of Queen Victoria?

Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith

When were the best biographies of Queen Victoria written?

1964 and 1972

What kind of person was Victoria?

emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking

How tall was Queen Victor?

I'm not sure.

The extent of Victorias political influence became unknown after the publishing of what?

I'm not sure.

What year did Elizabeth Longford read a biography of Victoria?

I'm not sure.

What year did Cecil Woodham Smith read Victorias biography

I'm not sure.

Who read the biography about Queen Victoria that is now considered to be out of date?

I'm not sure.


In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heiress presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy, and forced Victoria to continue the tours. At Ramsgate in October 1835, Victoria contracted a severe fever, which Conroy initially dismissed as a childish pretence. While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary. As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household.

In 1830, what part of England did Victoria travel to with Dutchess of Kent and Conroy?

the centre of England

What town did Victoria visit in the center of England on her trip with the Dutchess of kent and Conroy?

Malvern Hills

What years were journeys similar to the Queen trip to Melvern Hills made?

1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835

Who was annoyed that Victoria was welcomed at each of her visits to central England?

William

Willam was concerned that Victoria would was being portrayed as what because of her trips to central England?

his rival

Who took Victoria on a trip to Malvern Hills in 1830?

the Duchess of Kent and Conroy

Who was annoyed at how well recieved Victoria was on her tours of the countryside of England and Wales?

William

Where did Victoria become seriously ill during one of her trips?

Ramsgate

Who did Victoria dislike so much she banned him from her presence once she became Queen?

Conroy

What position did Conroy try and fail to get Victoria to appoint him to during her illness and later?

private secretary

Who was Victoria convinced to make her secretery when she was very ill?

Conroy

How did Victoria feel about all of the trips?

disliked

What annoyed the King about the way Victoria was received at her stops?

enthusiastically welcomed in each

Why did the King dislike Victoria taking the trips?

concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival

When she was made Queen, what did Victoria do about Conroy?

banned him from her presence

In 1803, what part of England did Victoria travel to with Dutchess of Kent and Conroy?

I'm not sure.

What town did Victoria visit in the center of England on her trip without the Dutchess of kent and Conroy?

I'm not sure.

What years were journeys similar to the King trip to Melvern Hills made?

I'm not sure.

Who was annoyed that Victoria wasn't welcomed at each of her visits to central England?

I'm not sure.

Willam was concerned that Victoria would was being portrayed as what because of her trips to outer England?

I'm not sure.


At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.

Who was in charge of the Governemnt at the time of Victorias ascession?

Lord Melbourne

What was the name of the Whig Prime minister at the time of Victorias ascession?

Lord Melbourne

When was Queen Victorias coronation held?

28 June 1838

Where was Victorias coronation held?

Westminster Abbey

How many visitors came to London for Victorias coronation?

Over 400,000

What Whig was prime minister during Victoria's accession?

Lord Melbourne

Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter?

Charles Greville

When did Victoria's coronation take place at Westminster Abbey?

28 June 1838

How many people visited London for the Coronation of Queen Victoria?

What was Victoria's allowance upon becoming Queen?

£385,000 per year

Who was leading the government at the time of Victoria's accension?

Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne

What kind of influence was Melbourne to Victoria?

powerful

When was Victoria's coronation?

28 June 1838

What major accomplishment did Victoria achieve with her civil list allowance?

she paid off her father's debts

Where did Queen Victoria reside?

Buckingham Palace

Who was in charge of the Government at the time of Victorias fall?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the Whig Prime minister at the time of Victorias fall?

I'm not sure.

When wasn't Queen Victorias coronation held?

I'm not sure.

Where wasn't Victorias coronation held?

I'm not sure.

How many visitors left London for Victorias coronation?

I'm not sure.


In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight. In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen". She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor, and also supported the Maynooth Grant to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland, despite Protestant opposition. The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.

What year was the potato blight in Ireland?

How long did the Great Famine last?

four years

How many Irish people died during the Great Famine?

over a million

What was the label given to Queen Victoria during the Great Famine?

The Famine Queen

How much money did Victoria donate to famine relief?

What crisis struck Ireland during 1845?

potato blight

How many people died during the Great Famine in Ireland?

over a million

What was Queen Victoria called in Ireland during the Great Famine?

The Famine Queen

What story was later proven false about Victoria during the Great Famine?

that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home

How much did Queen Victoria actually donate to support relief in Ireland, making her the top individual donor?

What happened that decimated a large portion of Ireland?

potato blight

When did the potato blight begin?

How many people did Ireland lose to the potato blight?

a million

What did the potato blight cause Victoria to be called?

The Famine Queen

How much did Victoria donate to Ireland to help with famine relief?

What year was the potato blight in Scotland?

I'm not sure.

How long didn't the Great Famine last?

I'm not sure.

How many Irish people lived during the Great Famine?

I'm not sure.

What was the label given to Queen Victoria during the Great Feast?

I'm not sure.

How much money did Victoria donate to war relief?

I'm not sure.


Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced "these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage.

When Victoria isolated herself from the public, what movement began to grow?

the republican movement

Where did Victoria isolate herself?

in her royal residences

What was the name of the private Estate in Scotland that Albert and Victoria purchased?

Balmoral Castle

What year did the Queen and Albert purchase Balmoral Castle?

What year did a protester attach a note to the door at Buckingham Palace saying it was to be sold?

What private estate did Victoria aquire with Albert in 1847?

Balmoral Castle

Where did a protector put a notice because of Queen Victoria's lack of public appearances in March of 1864?

Buckingham Palace

Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances?

the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington

What movement gained popularity due to the lack of Victoria appearing in public?

republican movement

What was a major reason Victoria's monarchy was not as popular as some others?

self-imposed isolation from the public

What did Victoria's isolation give way to?

the growth of the republican movement

Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public?

Her uncle Leopold

Where did Victoria visit to become more in the public view?

Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington

What else did Victoria do to try to return her former public image?

take a drive through London in an open carriage

When Victoria isolated himself from the public, what movement began to grow?

I'm not sure.

Where did Victoria not isolate herself?

I'm not sure.

What was the name of the public Estate in Scotland that Albert and Victoria purchased?

I'm not sure.

What year did the King and Albert purchase Balmoral Castle?

I'm not sure.

What year did the Queen and Albert sell Balmoral Castle?

I'm not sure.


After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of "her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state "should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration". At her behest, a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.

What year was the Indian Rebellion?

What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion?

British East India Company

What company ruled much of India before the end of the Indian Rebellion?

British East India Company

Who did the Queen condemn in the Indian Rebellion?

both sides

What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857?

British East India Company

Who encouraged Victoria to issue an official statement on the conflict of the civil war in India?

Albert

What happened to the British possesions after the Rebellion of 1857?

were formally incorporated into the British Empire

What statement was replaced in her proclamation about the civil war?

a reference threatening the "undermining of native religions and customs"

Before 1857, who controlled most of India?

British East India Company

What caused the British East India Company to lose control of India?

the Indian Rebellion of 1857

What happened to the assets of the British East India Company after it was removed from power?

formally incorporated into the British Empire

How did the Queen view the Indian Rebellion?

relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides

What did Victoria believe that an official proclamation transferring control from the company to the monarchy would do?

"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration"

What year was the Indian Rebellion?

I'm not sure.

What company was dissolved before the Indian Rebellion?

I'm not sure.

Who didn't the Queen condemn in the Indian Rebellion?

I'm not sure.

What company ruled none of India before the end of the Indian Rebellion?

I'm not sure.

Who encouraged Victoria to issue an unofficial statement on the conflict of the civil war in India?

I'm not sure.


On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter. Brown died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown. Ponsonby and Randall Davidson, Dean of Windsor, who had both seen early drafts, advised Victoria against publication, on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair. The manuscript was destroyed. In early 1884, Victoria did publish More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands, a sequel to her earlier book, which she dedicated to her "devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown". On the day after the first anniversary of Brown's death, Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son, Leopold, had died in Cannes. He was "the dearest of my dear sons", she lamented. The following month, Victoria's youngest child, Beatrice, met and fell in love with Prince Henry of Battenberg at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine to Henry's brother Prince Louis of Battenberg. Beatrice and Henry planned to marry, but Victoria opposed the match at first, wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion. After a year, she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice's promise to remain living with and attending her.

What year did Victoria fall down the stairs at Windsor?

After her fall down the stairs, what health issue was Victoria plaged with thereafter?

rheumatism thereafter

Who died 10 days after Victorias fall down the stairs?

Brown

Who was Victorias private secretary during the years following her accident at Windsor?

Sir Henry Ponsonby

How was Victoria notified of her youngest son leopolds death?

by telegram

When was Queen Victoria get injured after taking a fall down some stairs?

17 March 1883

Who did Queen Victoria write a biography about that was never published?

John Brown

Where did Victoria's youngest son, Leopold die?

Cannes

Victoria initially opposed Beatrice's marriage to what man?

Prince Henry of Battenberg

Where did Beatrice meet and fall in love with Prince Henry?

at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria of Hesse

What caused Victoria's rheumatism?

she fell down some stairs at Windsor

Who died 10 days after Victoria's accident?

Brown

What did Victoria begin working on after Brown's death?

a eulogistic biography

Who was opposed to Victoria writing a biography of Brown?

Sir Henry Ponsonby

What happened in Victoria's life on the day after the one year anniversary of Brown's death?

her youngest son, Leopold, had died in Cannes

What year didn't Victoria fall down the stairs at Windsor?

I'm not sure.

After her fall up the stairs, what health issue was Victoria plaged with thereafter?

I'm not sure.

Who lived 10 days after Victorias fall down the stairs?

I'm not sure.


Victoria's youngest son, Leopold, was affected by the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B and two of her five daughters, Alice and Beatrice, were carriers. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. The presence of the disease in Victoria's descendants, but not in her ancestors, led to modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent but a haemophiliac. There is no documentary evidence of a haemophiliac in connection with Victoria's mother, and as male carriers always suffer the disease, even if such a man had existed he would have been seriously ill. It is more likely that the mutation arose spontaneously because Victoria's father was over 50 at the time of her conception and haemophilia arises more frequently in the children of older fathers. Spontaneous mutations account for about a third of cases.

What blood clotting disease did Victorias youngest son have?

haemophilia B

How many of Victorias daughters were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had?

two

It was believed that Victorias true father was a hemophiliac and not who?

the Duke of Kent

What is the sex of carriers that always suffer the blood clotting disease haemophi;ia B?

male

How old was Victorias father at the time of her conception?

over 50

What disease did Victoria's youngest son have?

the blood-clotting disease haemophilia B

Which two of Victoria's daughters also were carriers for the blood clotting disorder?

Alice and Beatrice

Who was Queen Victoria's father rumored to be instead of the Duke of Kent?

a haemophiliac

What disease affected Leopold and was carried by two of Victoria's daughters?

haemophilia B

Which Royal haemophiliacs are said to have descended from Victoria?

Tsarevich Alexei of Russia, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, and Infante Gonzalo of Spain

Which of Victoria's daughters were carriers of haemophilia?

Alice and Beatrice

What is a big factor on whether or not an offspring will spontaneously develop haemophilia?

older fathers

In how many births do spontaneous cases of haemophilia arise?

about a third of cases

What blood clotting disease did Victorias oldest son have?

I'm not sure.

How many of Victorias sons were carriers of the blood clotting disease that Leopold had?

I'm not sure.

It was believed that Victorias true mother was a hemophiliac and not who?

I'm not sure.

What is the age of carriers that always suffer the blood clotting disease haemophi;ia B?

I'm not sure.

How old was Victorias father at the time of her death?

I'm not sure.


Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.

What year did Victorias Father die?

What year did King George III die?

What nationality was Queen Victorias mother?

German

How old was Victoria when she inherited the throne?

What was the name of Victoria's father?

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn

When did the Duke of Kent die?

What was Victoria's mother's name?

Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

At what age did Victoria inherit the throne, upon the death of her father's three eldest brothers?

Who was Victoria's father?

Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III

Who raised Victoria?

mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

When did Victoria inherit the throne of England?

aged 18

Why did Victoria inherit the throne?

her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children

What kind of government did England have at the time?

constitutional monarchy

What year didn't Victorias Father die?

I'm not sure.

What nationality wasn't Queen Victorias mother?

I'm not sure.

How old was Victoria when she rejected the throne?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Victoria's mother's name?

I'm not sure.


At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.

What was Victorias place in line of succession to the throne when she was born?

fifth

What year did Victoria's father and grandfather die?

What was th elength of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and grandfather?

within a week of each other

What year did the Duke of York die?

What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die?

What place was Victoria in the line of succession after her birth?

fifth

Whose infant daugheters both died, leaving him without an heir to the throne of England?

Duke of Clarence

When did George IV die?

What was the Regency Act of 1830?

made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor.

Who distrusted the Duchesses capability to reign in Victoria's place until she became of age?

King William

Where did Victoria fall in the line of succession?

fifth

Who came in line for the throne before Victoria?

her father and his three older brothers

What happened when Victoria's Uncle George IV died?

became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle

Who was Victoria's last surviving uncle?

William IV

Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor?

Duchess of Kent

What was Victorias place in line of succession to the throne when she died?

I'm not sure.

What year did Victoria's father and grandfather survive?

I'm not sure.

What was the length of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and brother?

I'm not sure.

What year did the Duke of York survive?

I'm not sure.

What year did Victorias Uncle George V die?

I'm not sure.


Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen." Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.

On what date did Victoria turn 18?

24 May 1837

On what date did William IV die?

20 June 1837

How old was William IV when he died?

What is the name given to Victoria on official documents?

Alexandrina Victoria

What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the King, died?

12 minutes past 2

When did Victoria turn 18?

24 May 1837

When did Victoria become Queen upon William IV's death?

20 June 1837

What name was Victoria referred to as on only the first day of her reign?

Alexandrina Victoria

How old was Victoria's Uncle, King Willaim on his death?

Who informed Victoria of her Uncle's passing and that she was now to become Queen of England?

the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham

What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom?

20 June 1837, William IV died

Who came to tell Victoria that she was to be Queen of the United Kingdom?

Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham

What name did the first official documents of Victoria's monarchy have her listed as?

Alexandrina Victoria

How old was William IV when he died?

Where did she receive the news that she was to be queen?

sitting-room

On what date did Victoria turn 81?

I'm not sure.

On what date did William V die?

I'm not sure.

How old was William IV when he survived?

I'm not sure.

What is the name given to Victoria on unofficial documents?

I'm not sure.

What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the Prince, died?

I'm not sure.


Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking  [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.

What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the queen?

unmarried

Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried?

her mother

Victoria and her mother had differences over what system?

Kensington System

Victoria and her mother had differences over her mothers reliances on who?

Conroy

Where was Victorias mother assigned to live?

a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace

What did Victoria and her mother disagree on?

the Kensington System

Whom did Victoria's mother continue to rely on, despite Victoria's displeasure?

Conroy

To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence?

Melbourne

Where did both Queen Victoria and her mother reside after she became Queen?

Buckingham Palace

Where did Victoria live at the beginning of her reign?

with her mother

Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign?

was required by social convention

What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?

marriage

How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?

a "schocking  [sic] alternative"

How did Victoria feel about the prospect of having to live with her mother, no matter how far away in the palace they put her?

close proximity promised "torment for many years"

What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess?

I'm not sure.

Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was married?

I'm not sure.

Victoria and her father had differences over what system?

I'm not sure.

Victoria and her mother had differences over her fathers reliances on who?

I'm not sure.

Where was Victorias mother assigned to die?

I'm not sure.


On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen, and convicted of high treason. On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to transportation for life, John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge. Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail. In a similar attack in 1849, unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill, London. In 1850, the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer, Robert Pate. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead. Both Hamilton and Pate were sentenced to seven years' transportation.

What was the name of the man that tried to shoot Queen Victoria?

John Francis

On what date did John Francis try to shoot Queen Victoria?

29 May 1842

Where was Queen Victoria when Francis tried to shoot her?

riding in a carriage along The Mall, London

What happened to Francis after his attempt to shoot Victoria?

he escaped

Why did Francis fail to kill Queen Victoria?

the gun did not fire

Who made two unsuccessful attempts on Queen Victoria's life in 1842?

John Francis

What was John Francis's eventual sentence for the attempt on the Queens life?

transportation for life

Who shot at Queen Victoria on July 3, days after John Francis's sentence was commuted?

John William Bean

Who fired a shot at Queen Victoria's carriage in 1849?

William Hamilton

What person recieved a seven year transportation sentence for striking Victoria on the head with his cane?

Robert Pate

Who escaped Victoria's guards after attempting to fire a shot at her?

John Francis

What happened to John Francis after his second attempt to fire on the Queen?

death sentence was commuted to transportation for life

What did John William Bean try to fire at Queen Victoria?

paper and tobacco

What were the consequences of John William Bean's attempt to fire at the Queen?

18 months in jail

When did William Hamilton fire a powder charge at Victoria's carriage?

What was the name of the man that tried to save Queen Victoria?

I'm not sure.

On what date did John Francis try to help Queen Victoria?

I'm not sure.

Where wasn't Queen Victoria when Francis tried to shoot her?

I'm not sure.

What happened to Francis after his attempt not to shoot Victoria?

I'm not sure.

Why did Francis fail to help Queen Victoria?

I'm not sure.