St. Barthélemy has about 25 hotels, most of them with 15 rooms or fewer. The largest has 58 rooms. Hotels are classified in the traditional French manner; 3 Star, 4 Star and 4 Star Luxe. Of particular note are Eden Rock and Cheval Blanc. Hotel Le Toiny, the most expensive hotel on the island, has 12 rooms. Most places of accommodation are in the form of private villas, of which there are some 400 available to rent on the island. The island's tourism industry, though expensive, attracts 70,000 visitors every year to its luxury hotels and villas and another 130,000 people arrive by luxury boats. It also attracts a labour force from Brazil and Portugal to meet the industry needs.

About how many hotels does St. Barts have?

How many rooms does the largest hotel in St. Barts have?

How many rooms does the most expensive hotel on the island have?

About how many villas are available for rent in St. Barts?

Which country besides Brazil does St. Barts import its labor force from?

Portugal

How many of St. Barthelemy's hotels have fewer than 15 rooms?

I'm not sure.

How many rooms does the smallest hotel on the island have?

I'm not sure.

What rating does Eden Rock have?

I'm not sure.

What rating does Cheval Blanc have?

I'm not sure.

What's the least expensive hotel on the island?

I'm not sure.


As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants. During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass. The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall. A 1994 survey has revealed several hundred indigenous species of plants including the naturalized varieties of flora; some growing in irrigated areas while the dry areas are dominated by the cacti variety. Sea grapes and palm trees are a common sight with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps. Coconut palm was brought to the island from the Pacific islands. Important plants noted on the island are:

What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?

succulent

Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?

The eastern part

A 1994 found how many different species of plants native to the island?

several hundred

What besides palm trees is a common plant to see in St. Barts?

Sea grapes

Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?

the Pacific islands

In what year was Coconut palm brought to the island?

I'm not sure.

How many types of cacti are the on St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

How many mangroves are there on St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

What are the irrigated areas dominated by?

I'm not sure.


Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others.

What plant was brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?

aloe or aloe vera

What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?

cereus

Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?

South America

When did the british army invade the island?

What type of fig grows on the island?

barbary

How tall do sea grape trees grow?

I'm not sure.

How tall can the royal palm grow?

I'm not sure.

In what year was aloe vera brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?

I'm not sure.

In what year were Mexican cactus brought to St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

When was yellow bell from South America brought to St. Barts?

I'm not sure.


Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island. They are a protected species and in the endangered list. It is stated that it will take 15–50 years for this species to attain reproductive age. Though they live in the sea, the females come to the shore to lay eggs and are protected by private societies. Three species of turtles are particularly notable. These are: The leatherback sea turtles which have leather skin instead of a shell and are the largest of the type found here, some times measuring a much as 3 m (average is about 1.5 m) and weighing about 450 kg (jellyfish is their favourite diet); the hawksbill turtles, which have hawk-like beaks and found near reefs, generally about 90 cm in diameter and weigh about 60 kg and their diet consists of crabs and snails; and the green turtles, herbivores which have rounded heads, generally about 90 cm in diameter and live amidst tall sea grasses.

When is the end of the dolphin migration period in St. Barts?

May

When is the beggining of the whale migration season?

December

What protected species is a common sight along the beaches of St. Barts?

Turtles

What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?

jellyfish

Where do green turtles live?

amidst tall sea grasses

How long does it take dolphins to attain reproductive age?

I'm not sure.

How long does it take whales to reach reproductive age?

I'm not sure.

How long do porpoises usually live?

I'm not sure.

How many species of turtles are there on St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

What does a whales diet consist of?

I'm not sure.


The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes. The marine aquafauna is rich in conch, which has pearly-pink shells. Its meat is a favourite food supplement item and their shells are a collectors item. Other species of fish which are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters are: sergeant majors, the blue chromis, brown chromis, surgeon fish; blue tangs and trumpet fish. On the shore are ghost crabs, which always live on the beach in small burrowed tunnels made in sand, and the hermit crabs, which live in land but lay eggs in water and which also eat garbage and sewerage. They spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season.

What color are conch shells?

pearly-pink

What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?

conch

Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?

shallow waters

What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?

ghost

What do hermit crabs eat?

garbage and sewerage

What color is are the turtles?

I'm not sure.

What color are sergeant majors?

I'm not sure.

What color are surgeon fish?

I'm not sure.

Where do ghost crabs lay their eggs?

I'm not sure.

What do ghost crabs eat?

I'm not sure.


Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshore rocks such as Les Gross Islets, Pain de Sucre, Tortue and Forchue. The Reserve is designed to protect the islands coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles. The Reserve has two levels of protection, the yellow zones of protection where certain non-extractive activities, like snorkeling and boating, are allowed and the red zones of high protection where most activities including SCUBA are restricted in order to protect or recover marine life. Anchoring is prohibited in the Reserve and mooring buoys are in place in some of the protected bays like Colombier

What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?

Reserve Naturelle

How many hectares does the marine preserve cover?

What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?

sea turtles

What is prohibited in all zones of the marine reserve at St. Barts?

Anchoring

Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?

mooring buoys

How big is Saint-Barthelemy?

I'm not sure.

Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys?

I'm not sure.

How big is each of the 5 zones that make up the Reserve Naturelle?

I'm not sure.

In what bay were the first mooring buoys installed?

I'm not sure.


When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town in 1785 with more buildings, when they had occupied the town. Earlier to their occupation, the port was known as "Carénage". The Swedes renamed it as Gustavia in honour of their king Gustav III. It was then their prime trading center. The port maintained a neutral stance since the Caribbean war was on in the 18th century. They used it as trading post of contraband and the city of Gustavia prospered but this prosperity was short lived.

When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?

What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?

What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?

Carénage

What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation?

Gustavia

What war occurred in the 18th century?

the Caribbean war

In what year was Carenage established?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Caribbean war start?

I'm not sure.

In what year did the Caribbean war end?

I'm not sure.

What nationality of people lives in the harbour town the British invaded in 1744?

I'm not sure.

In what year did King Gustav III begin his reign?

I'm not sure.


Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s history relating to French, Swedish and British period of occupation is well presented in the museum with photographs, maps and paintings. Also on display are the ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses and ancient fishing boats. It also houses a library.

What is the English name of the historic museum in St. Barts?

St. Barts Municipal Museum

What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?

Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy

What town is the Museum located in?

Gustavia

Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?

British

What type of houses are on display at the museum in St. Barts?

Creole

What is located on the near end of La Pointe?

I'm not sure.

Where nationality did the Creole have?

I'm not sure.

What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

What is the British name for the historic museum in St. Barts?

I'm not sure.

Which people used the ancient tools?

I'm not sure.


Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses the local gendarmerie. The other fort known as Fort Karl now presents a very few ruins. The third fort built by the Swedes is the Fort Gustav, which is also seen in ruins strewn around the weather station and the Light House. The fort built in 1787 over a hill slope has ruins of ramparts, guardhouse, munitions depot, wood-burning oven and so forth.

Who built the three forts on St. Barts?

the Swedes

What was the former name of Fort Oscar?

Gustav Adolph

When was Fort Gustav built?

On what part of the island is Fort Oscar located on the far side of?

La Pointe

Most of the Forts in St. Barts are now all what?

ruins

In what year was Gustav Adolph built?

I'm not sure.

In what year was Gustav Adolph renamed Fort Oscar?

I'm not sure.

What types of ruins are left at Fort Karl?

I'm not sure.

In what year was Fort Karl built?

I'm not sure.

What type of terrain was Fort Karl built on?

I'm not sure.


French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.

How many restaurants does the island have?

over 70

Where are most of the nice restaurants located?

in the hotels

What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?

les petits creux

Creole food is often what?

spicier

What type of cuisine related events does the island host each year?

gastronomic

How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine?

I'm not sure.

How many hotels are there?

I'm not sure.

What is common in Italian cuisine?

I'm not sure.

What cuisine is fresh grilled lobster an example of?

I'm not sure.

How many West Indian cuisine restaurants are there?

I'm not sure.


The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have also become popular on the island in recent years, especially at Grand Cul-de-Sac beach (Baie de Grand Cul de Sac) for windy sports as kitesurfing and Saint Jean Beach ( Baie de Saint Jean), Lorient, Toiny and Anse des Cayes for surfing. Tennis is also popular on the island and it has several tennis clubs, Tennis Clube de Flamboyant in Grand Cul-de-Sac, AJOE Tennis Club in Orient and ASCO in Colombier.

How often is the AG2R Race held?

every alternate year

Where does the AG2R originate from?

Concarneau

What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?

boats

What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?

10 m

How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?

two

How long ago did the Transat AG2R Race begin?

I'm not sure.

On what part of St. Barthelemy does the Transat AG2R Race end?

I'm not sure.

How long ago did the Tennis Clube de Flamboyant open its doors?

I'm not sure.

What tennis club is nearest to the Grand Cul-de-Sac beach?

I'm not sure.


St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector.

What is the name of the airport in St. Barts?

Gustaf III

Where is the airport located on the island?

the north coast

What is the name of the nearest large commercial airport?

Princess Juliana International Airport

What Island is the nearest major airport located on?

Sint Maarten

What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts?

charters

Which side of the island does the Princess Juliana International Airport lie on Saint Maarten?

I'm not sure.

What type of planes most commonly land at Princess Juliana International Airport?

I'm not sure.

Which types of airlines are most common landing at Princess Juliana International Airport?

I'm not sure.

How many domestic Caribbean airlines are there?

I'm not sure.

How many small regional commercial airlines land at Gustaf III Airport?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

Where is Tajikistan located?

in Central Asia

How many people are living in Tajikistan?

8 million people

What is the area of Tajikistan?

area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)

What country lies to Tajikistans east?

China

What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan?

Wakhan Corridor

Which country is defined by a mountainous, ocean landscape in Central Asia?

I'm not sure.

Tajikistan had an estimated 18 million people in what year?

I'm not sure.

Traditional homelands of Talick people included?

I'm not sure.

Which country in Central Africa has an area of 143,100 km2?

I'm not sure.

153,100 km2 is equal to how many square miles?

I'm not sure.


The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?

city of Sarazm

What other culutres has ruled the area?

Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?

Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?

What years did the civil war take place?

1992 to 1997

What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?

Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?

the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire

What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?

What years did the war last through?

1992 to 1997

A civil war was fought immediately before what?

I'm not sure.

The civil war lasted from 1982 to what year?

I'm not sure.

As a result of the breakup of Japan, Tajikistan became what?

I'm not sure.

In what year did Tajikistan become a dependent nation?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

What does Tajikistan mean?

"Land of the Tajiks"

What does the suffix -stan mean?

"place of" or "country"

Where did the word Tajik come from?

the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe

Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik?

because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."

Which country's name means "Land of the Talks"?

I'm not sure.

According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult?

I'm not sure.

The original inhabitants of Central Asia were either Indian or who?

I'm not sure.

What Persian suffix mean "county"?

I'm not sure.

What is most likely the name of a pre-Indian tribe?

I'm not sure.


The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers.

What was the first recorded history of this region?

about 500 BCE

What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE?

the Achaemenid Empire

Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?

Alexander the Great

Very little of modern Tajikistan was part of what empire?

I'm not sure.

Alexandra the Great ruled over which kingdom?

I'm not sure.

Which part of Tajikistan was part of Singdia?

I'm not sure.

The Japanese explorer Zhang Qian used what road to pass through the region?

I'm not sure.

Who played a major role on ending trade?

I'm not sure.


The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.

What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?

Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism

What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE?

Yuezhi tribes

When was Islam brought to the region?

in the early eighth century

What empire brought Islam practices with them?

Hephthalite Empire,

Who brought Islam to the region in the early fourth century?

I'm not sure.

Central Africa continued its role as what?

I'm not sure.

Central Asia linked Canada, the steppes to the north and whom?

I'm not sure.

Who ruled the region until the 3rd century CE?

I'm not sure.

Which religions were banned in the region?

I'm not sure.


It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region.

When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?

Who took control of the regin in 710?

Umayyads

Who restored Persian control of the region?

The Samanid Empire,

What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?

Khorasan

When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese?

When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?

Who conquered Tansaxania?

The Kara-Khanid Khanate

When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?

The Samanid Empire

Who restored Polish control of the region?

I'm not sure.

Whose arrival in Texas signaled a definite shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance?

I'm not sure.

Who ruled between 1999-1211?

I'm not sure.

Who shrunk the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara?

I'm not sure.

Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire?

I'm not sure.


Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Russia was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton and in the 1870s attempted to switch cultivation in the region from grain to cotton (a strategy later copied and expanded by the Soviets).[citation needed] By 1885 Tajikistan's territory was either ruled by the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara, nevertheless Tajiks felt little Russian influence.[citation needed]

When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia?

during the late 19th century's Imperial Era

What did Russia do between 1864-1885?

Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan

Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan?

the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand

What was Russian interested in Tajikistan area for?

gaining access to a supply of cotton

In 1885, who was ruling the Tajikistan area?

the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara

Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Africa in what century?

I'm not sure.

Between 1964 and 1985 Russia gradually took control of what?

I'm not sure.

What country attempted to switch from grain to cotton in the 1970s?

I'm not sure.

By 1985 Tajikistan's territory was what?

I'm not sure.

What people felt a great deal of Russian influence?

I'm not sure.


During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed]

What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?

an Islamic social movement throughout the region

Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?

Russians

When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand?

between 1910 and 1913

Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?

the threat of forced conscription during World War I

During the late 18th century, the Jadidists established themselves as what?

I'm not sure.

The uprisings against the Khanate of Poland took place between what year?

I'm not sure.

Demonstrators attacked Chinese soldiers in Khujand over what?

I'm not sure.

Which troops took forever to bring Khujand back under control?

I'm not sure.

Which group was anti-modernization?

I'm not sure.


After the Russian Revolution of 1917 guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi, waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks prevailed after a four-year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. Soviet authorities started a campaign of secularization, practicing Islam, Judaism, and Christianity was discouraged and repressed, and many mosques, churches, and synagogues were closed. As a consequence of the conflict and Soviet agriculture policies, Central Asia, Tajikistan included, suffered a famine that claimed many lives.

Who went to war against Bolshevick armies?

guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi

What did they go to war against Bolshevick?

to maintain independence

Who won the war?

The Bolsheviks

What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed?

Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Guerrillas in Central Africa were known as what?

I'm not sure.

Which religions were encouraged after the four-year war?

I'm not sure.

Which region did not suffer any famine?

I'm not sure.

Who waged a war against British armies?

I'm not sure.

What religious institutions were not closed?

I'm not sure.


In 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a part of Uzbekistan, but in 1929 the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR) was made a separate constituent republic, however the predominantly ethnic Tajik cities of Samarkand and Bukhara remained in the Uzbek SSR. Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place, especially in the southern region. Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement occurred throughout Tajikistan. Consequently, some peasants fought collectivization and revived the Basmachi movement. Some small scale industrial development also occurred during this time along with the expansion of irrigation infrastructure.

In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?

Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

What happeded between 1927-1934?

collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place

Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly?

in the southern region

What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan?

Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement

What Republic was created in 1934?

I'm not sure.

Between 1917 and what year did collectivization of agriculture occur?

I'm not sure.

What policy brought violence against the rich?

I'm not sure.

What movement was revived by the rich?

I'm not sure.

Which predominately ethnic Tajik cities did not remain in the Uzbek SSR?

I'm not sure.


Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) resulted in the expulsion of nearly 10,000 people, from all levels of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled and subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary. Between 1926 and 1959 the proportion of Russians among Tajikistan's population grew from less than 1% to 13%. Bobojon Ghafurov, Tajikistan's First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1946–1956 was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of the country during the Soviet Era. He was followed in office by Tursun Uljabayev (1956–61), Jabbor Rasulov (1961–1982), and Rahmon Nabiyev (1982–1985, 1991–1992).

Who directed the purges of Soviets?

Moscow

How many people were expelled??

nearly 10,000 people

Who were sent to replace the expelled positions?

Ethnic Russians

What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?

subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary

What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959?

grew from less than 1% to 13%

How many purges resulted in the expulsion of nearly 100,000 people?

I'm not sure.

What group did not dominate any party positions?

I'm not sure.

Between 1916 and 1959, which population grew to 13%?

I'm not sure.

How many rounds of Soviet purges were directed by Manhattan?

I'm not sure.


Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan. During 1957–58 Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focused attention on Tajikistan, where living conditions, education and industry lagged behind the other Soviet Republics. In the 1980s, Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups, and the lowest rate of university graduates per 1000 people. By the late 1980s Tajik nationalists were calling for increased rights. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. The following year, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence.

When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?

How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?

260,000 Tajik

What percent of Tajiks were killed during the war?

Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)

What was not developing as fast as other Soviet Republics?

living conditions, education and industry

Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929?

I'm not sure.

Tajik citizens fought against Germany, France, and what country?

I'm not sure.

Whose living conditions, education, and industry outpaced the other Soviet Republics?

I'm not sure.

Who had the highest household saving rate in the USSR?

I'm not sure.

By the late 1970s, Tajik nationalists were calling for what?

I'm not sure.


The nation almost immediately fell into civil war that involved various factions fighting one another; these factions were often distinguished by clan loyalties. More than 500,000 residents fled during this time because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities in the West or in other former Soviet republics. Emomali Rahmon came to power in 1992, defeating former prime minister Abdumalik Abdullajanov in a November presidential election with 58% of the vote. The elections took place shortly after the end of the war, and Tajikistan was in a state of complete devastation. The estimated dead numbered over 100,000. Around 1.2 million people were refugees inside and outside of the country. In 1997, a ceasefire was reached between Rahmon and opposition parties under the guidance of Gerd D. Merrem, Special Representative to the Secretary General, a result widely praised as a successful United Nations peace keeping initiative. The ceasefire guaranteed 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition. Elections were held in 1999, though they were criticized by opposition parties and foreign observers as unfair and Rahmon was re-elected with 98% of the vote. Elections in 2006 were again won by Rahmon (with 79% of the vote) and he began his third term in office. Several opposition parties boycotted the 2006 election and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) criticized it, although observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States claimed the elections were legal and transparent. Rahmon's administration came under further criticism from the OSCE in October 2010 for its censorship and repression of the media. The OSCE claimed that the Tajik Government censored Tajik and foreign websites and instituted tax inspections on independent printing houses that led to the cessation of printing activities for a number of independent newspapers.

How were the different factions distinguished from eachother?

by clan loyalties

Why did more than half a million people flee?

because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities

Who came into power in 1992?

Emomali Rahmon

What did the ceasefire guaranteed?

30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition

Fractions were often distinguished by what?

I'm not sure.

Who came to power in 1982?

I'm not sure.

Elections took place shortly before the beginning of the what?

I'm not sure.

A ceasefire was reached between Rider and opposition parties in what year?

I'm not sure.

The OSHA claimed that the Tajik government censored what?

I'm not sure.


Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik–Afghan border until summer 2005. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport in support of air operations of NATO's International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. United States Army and Marine Corps personnel periodically visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. The Government of India rebuilt the Ayni Air Base, a military airport located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe, at a cost of $70 million, completing the repairs in September 2010. It is now the main base of the Tajikistan air force. There have been talks with Russia concerning use of the Ayni facility, and Russia continues to maintain a large base on the outskirts of Dushanbe.

Who was stationed along the boarder?

Russian border troops

Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001?

at the Dushanbe Airport

Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often?

to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.

Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force?

t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe

What troops were stationed along the Tajik-African border?

I'm not sure.

French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport since before what attacks?

I'm not sure.

The Government of China rebuilt the Ayni what?

I'm not sure.

What is the main base of the Taliban air force?

I'm not sure.

There have been talks with Romania concerning use of what?

I'm not sure.


In 2010, there were concerns among Tajik officials that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August, an ambush that killed 28 Tajik soldiers in the Rasht Valley in September, and another ambush in the valley in October that killed 30 soldiers, followed by fighting outside Gharm that left 3 militants dead. To date the country's Interior Ministry asserts that the central government maintains full control over the country's east, and the military operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 2010. However, fighting erupted again in July 2012. In 2015 Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan, as confirmed by a report of STRATFOR (magazine online)

Why was there concerns in 2010?

that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August

How many solider were killed in September when Islamic militants escaped?

28 Tajik soldiers

When did the military operation end in Rasht Valley?

November 2010

When did Russia say they will be sending more troops to Tajikistan?

In 1910, there were concerns among the Tajik officials that what?

I'm not sure.

What operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 1910?

I'm not sure.

In 2015 Romania will send more what to Tajikistan?

I'm not sure.

Fighting outside Guam left how many militants dead?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of Tajikistan continually since November 1994. The Prime Minister is Kokhir Rasulzoda, the First Deputy Prime Minister is Matlubkhon Davlatov and the two Deputy Prime Ministers are Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova.

What type of government does Tajikistan have?

a republic

What kind of system is a dominant-party system?

where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament

When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president?

November 1994

Who is the prime minister of Tajikistan?

Kokhir Rasulzoda

Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers?

Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova

Who operates under a communist system?

I'm not sure.

Who has held the office of Vice President of Tajikistan since 1994?

I'm not sure.

The former Prime Minister is who?

I'm not sure.

The sole Deputy Prime Minister is who?

I'm not sure.


The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain a comfortable majority. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election observers said the 2010 polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people.

Why were parties upset in the 2005 election?

accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment

What happened in the Feb 2010 election?

PDPT lose four seats in Parliament

What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did?

"failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."

What was the Tajikistan governments response?

The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people

The parliamentary election of 2015 aroused many what?

I'm not sure.

Accusers believed that Vice President Emomalii Rahmon did what?

I'm not sure.

The PDOT lost four seats in what election?

I'm not sure.

Which polling met many key OSCE commitments?

I'm not sure.

Who insisted that major violations occurred?

I'm not sure.


Freedom of the press is ostensibly officially guaranteed by the government, but independent press outlets remain restricted, as does a substantial amount of web content. According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru and journalists are often obstructed from reporting on controversial events. In practice, no public criticism of the regime is tolerated and all direct protest is severely suppressed and does not receive coverage in the local media.

Even though Tajikistan has freedom of the press, what is the problem with it?

independent press outlets remain restricted

What access is blocked?

access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru

What is not tolerated by the government in respect to media?

no public criticism of the regime is tolerated

What is not covered by local media?

all direct protest is severely suppressed

What remains unrestricted?

I'm not sure.

Access is granted to local and foreign what?

I'm not sure.

Criticism of what is often tolerated?

I'm not sure.

What often receives coverage in the local media?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) above sea level. The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley.

What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area?

Tajikistan

Where exactly is Tajikistan?

between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)

What mountian range runs through Tajikistan?

the Pamir range

What area is under sea level?

in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys

Where is Dushanbe located?

on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley

Which country is the largest nation in Central Asia by area?

I'm not sure.

What is covered by valleys of the Pamir range?

I'm not sure.

Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level?

I'm not sure.

The major areas of what are in the south?

I'm not sure.

Which valleys form the Amika Darya?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan's economy grew substantially after the war. The GDP of Tajikistan expanded at an average rate of 9.6% over the period of 2000–2007 according to the World Bank data. This improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries (namely Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), which seem to have degraded economically ever since. The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers. Cotton accounts for 60% of agricultural output, supporting 75% of the rural population, and using 45% of irrigated arable land. The aluminium industry is represented by the state-owned Tajik Aluminum Company – the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia and one of the biggest in the world.

What was the rate that the GDP expanded?

an average rate of 9.6%

What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan?

aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers

What accounts for 60% of the agricultural output?

What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium?

Tajik Aluminum Company

Whose economy declined after the war?

I'm not sure.

The primary sources of income in Tajikistan are aluminum production, cow growing, and what?

I'm not sure.

What accounts for 70% of agricultural output?

I'm not sure.

What is the second biggest aluminum plant in Central Asia?

I'm not sure.

The GDP of Tajikistan declined 9.6% over what period?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.

What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for?

hydropower potential

Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?

the government

What is the highest dam in the world?

Nurek Dam

What will the project named CASA 1000 do?

CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan

The Vankus and Panj rivers have what?

I'm not sure.

Where is the New Dam located?

I'm not sure.

What project is estimated to cost around US$965 million?

I'm not sure.

What is the second highest dam in the world?

I'm not sure.

Romania's RAO UES energy giant has been working on what?

I'm not sure.


According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.

What is the average amount lived on per day?

US$1.25 per day

What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans?

estimated $2.1 billion US dollars

How did Tajikistan change their economy?

by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor

What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth?

remittances

Ninety percent of the population lives on less then what?

I'm not sure.

Migration from Turkey has been unprecedented in what?

I'm not sure.

Who has achieved a transition from a market to a planned economy?

I'm not sure.

Remittances have not played an important role as what?

I'm not sure.

What has not helped reduce poverty?

I'm not sure.


Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.

What is raised locally for the domestic market?

opium poppy

What all has helped with the fight against drugs?

with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities

Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?

heroin and raw opium confiscations

What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?

strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency

What is a major illegal source of income in Turkey?

I'm not sure.

No progress has been achieved in the fight against what?

I'm not sure.

Who holds fourth place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations?

I'm not sure.

Counterfeit money corrupts what?

I'm not sure.


As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.

What are the majority of transportation options?

via roads, air, and rail.

What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports?

Iran and Pakistan

What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way?

Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

What year was the agreement signed?

As a country located on the ocean, Tajikistan has no what?

I'm not sure.

In ancient years, Tajikistan pursued agreements with whom?

I'm not sure.

The presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Ireland signed an agreement to do what?

I'm not sure.

The majority of transportation in Tajikistan is via roads, ship and what?

I'm not sure.

In 2019, an agreement was made between what three countries?

I'm not sure.


In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.

How many airports does Tajikistan have?

26 airports

What is the country's main airport?

Dushanbe International Airport

Where are the international flights maining going to?

Russia

What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country?

Khorog Airport

In 2019, Tajikistan had how many airports?

I'm not sure.

Which country has international flights going mainly to Romania?

I'm not sure.

In 2019, how many airports in Tajikistan had paved runways?

I'm not sure.

Which is the only airport in the densely populated eastern half of the country?

I'm not sure.

Which country's secondary airport is Dushanbe International Airport?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan has a population of 7,349,145 (July 2009 est.) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between the ages of 14 and 30. Tajiks who speak Tajik (a dialect of Persian) are the main ethnic group, although there are sizable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians, whose numbers are declining due to emigration. The Pamiris of Badakhshan, a small population of Yaghnobi people, and a sizeable minority of Ismailis are all considered to belong to the larger group of Tajiks. All citizens of Tajikistan are called Tajikistanis.

What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009?

What percent of the population is under 30 years old?

What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old?

What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak?

Tajik

What are the citizens of Tajikistan called?

Tajikistanis

What was Tajikistan's population in July 2019?

I'm not sure.

Forty five percent of the population are between the ages of 14 and what?

I'm not sure.

Seventy percent of Tajikistan's population is over what age?

I'm not sure.

The Pamiris of Badakhsan are considered to be the smaller group of what?

I'm not sure.

Few citizens of Tajikistan are called what?

I'm not sure.


The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.

What people live in the southeast area of the country?

The Pamiri people

How are they different than most Tajiks?

distinct linguistically and culturally

What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?

Pamir Mountains

What people are not distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks?

I'm not sure.

Who follows the Ismali sect of Ireland?

I'm not sure.

What group has not preserved any cultural traditions?

I'm not sure.

What group speaks a number of Western Iranian languages?

I'm not sure.


Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. Approximately 87%–95% of them are Sunni and roughly 3% are Shia and roughly 7% are non-denominational Muslims. The remaining 2% of the population are followers of Russian Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. A great majority of Muslims fast during Ramadan, although only about one third in the countryside and 10% in the cities observe daily prayer and dietary restrictions.

What school has been recognized by the government?

Sunni Islam of the Hanafi

What kind of state does Tajikistan see itself as?

a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion

What are the two national Islamic holidays?

Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon

What percent of the population is muslim?

What country has a Constitution providing for freedom of government?

I'm not sure.

Who has declared three Islamic holidays?

I'm not sure.

The population of which country is 88% Muslim?

I'm not sure.

Russian Christianity takes up what percent of the population?

I'm not sure.

Very few Muslims fast during what?

I'm not sure.


Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.

What type of religions concerns are there?

minority religious groups undermine national unity

What concerns for the religions institutions are there?

a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere

What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?

Hizb ut-Tahrir

What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?

aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state

There is concern among whom that majority religious groups undermine national unity?

I'm not sure.

There is concern for whom becoming active in the governmental sphere?

I'm not sure.

The party that seeks to unify Tajikistan under one Christian state is whom?

I'm not sure.

Friday prayers are available in many large what?

I'm not sure.


By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.

What do religions communities have to register with?

State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities

What does the SCRA require?

a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location

What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?

a physical structure

What can happen if you do not register?

can result in large fines and closure of place of worship

Religious groups that have a physical structure are not allowed to do what?

I'm not sure.

Failure to do what results in small fines?

I'm not sure.

People under the age of 16 are barred from what?

I'm not sure.

Registration with the ASPCA requires what?

I'm not sure.


Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.

What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan?

, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies

How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan?

What percent of the GDP was spent on health?

What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with?

World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

What system is very developed and rich?

I'm not sure.

How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan?

I'm not sure.

What group suffers the least from poverty in Tajikistan?

I'm not sure.

A shortage of office supplies exists in what country?

I'm not sure.

What percent of the GDP was spent on health in 2014?

I'm not sure.


Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.

How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system?

11 years of primary and secondary education

What do they want to impliment in 2016?

a 12-year system

What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions?

Khujand State University

What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?

What consists of 14 years of primary and secondary education?

I'm not sure.

As of 2018, tertiary education enrollment was what percent?

I'm not sure.

Many Tajiks left the education system due to high demand in the labor what?

I'm not sure.

What university has 86 departments in 25 facilities?

I'm not sure.

There is a small number of tertiary education what?

I'm not sure.


Tajikistan consists of 4 administrative divisions. These are the provinces (viloyat) of Sughd and Khatlon, the autonomous province of Gorno-Badakhshan (abbreviated as GBAO), and the Region of Republican Subordination (RRP – Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya in transliteration from Russian or NTJ – Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ in Tajik; formerly known as Karotegin Province). Each region is divided into several districts, (Tajik: Ноҳия, nohiya or raion), which in turn are subdivided into jamoats (village-level self-governing units) and then villages (qyshloqs). As of 2006[update], there were 58 districts and 367 jamoats in Tajikistan.

Which country consists of five administrative divisions?

I'm not sure.

As of 2016, there were how many districts in Tajikistan?

I'm not sure.

Each what is divided into one district?

I'm not sure.

Jamboats are what?

I'm not sure.

As of 2016, there were how many jamoats in Tajikistan?

I'm not sure.


Nearly 47% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from immigrant remittances (mostly from Tajiks working in Russia). The current economic situation remains fragile, largely owing to corruption, uneven economic reforms, and economic mismanagement. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon remittances from migrant workers overseas and exports of aluminium and cotton, the economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks. In FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of support for rehabilitation programs that reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, which helped keep the peace. International assistance also was necessary to address the second year of severe drought that resulted in a continued shortfall of food production. On August 21, 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, however access to food remains a problem today. In January 2012, 680,152 of the people living in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity. Out of those, 676,852 were at risk of Phase 3 (Acute Food and Livelihoods Crisis) food insecurity and 3,300 were at risk of Phase 4 (Humanitarian Emergency). Those with the highest risk of food insecurity were living in the remote Murghob District of GBAO.

Nearly 87% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from what?

I'm not sure.

What situation remains robust?

I'm not sure.

What is not vulnerable to external shocks?

I'm not sure.

The Red Cross announced a famine in Turkey on what day?

I'm not sure.

In January 2002, how many people in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity?

I'm not sure.


The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means "Our Lady of the Lake" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the "Word of Life" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.

The school known as Notre Dame is known by a more lengthy name, what is it?

University of Notre Dame du

What type of institution is the Notre Dame?

Catholic research university

The French words Notre Dame du Lac translate to what in English?

Our Lady of the Lake

Who is the patron saint of Notre Dame?

the Virgin Mary

How large is Notre Dame in acres?


Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.

What caused Notre Dame to become notable in the early 20th century?

its Fighting Irish football team

Which 20th century Notre Dame football coach is most notable?

Knute Rockne

Which athletic association are the student athletes at Notre Dame a part of?

NCAA Division I

How many students at Notre Dame received the Heisman Trophy?

seven

There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many?


Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States  and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.

Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank?

among the top twenty

How many individual colleges are part of Notre Dame?

four

Which prize does the Architecture School at Notre Dame give out?

Driehaus Architecture Prize

How many doctorate and masters programs are available at Notre Dame?

more than 50

Which art museum does Notre Dame administer?

Snite Museum of Art


In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.

In what year was Father Edward Sorin given two years to create a college?

Which individual offered land to Father Edward Sorin?

Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière

Which church was Father Edward Sorin representing?

the Congregation of the Holy Cross

On what date did brothers from Holy Cross arrive at the future location of Notre Dame?

November 26, 1842

Which structure was the first used for the purposes of the college?

Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel


The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building.

In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at Notre Dame?

In what year did the original Sorin built Main Building get replaced?

Which individual began a library at Notre Dame?

Father Lemonnier

In what year had the library at Notre Dame reach 10,000 books?

In what year was the library at Notre Dame started?


This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.

In what year was the Main Building at Notre Dame razed in a fire?

Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1879?

Rev. William Corby

On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?

17th of May

What was the music hall at Notre Dame called?

Washington Hall

What did the Science Hall at Notre Dame come to be known as?

LaFortune Student Center


In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.

In 1919 a new president of Notre Dame was named, who was it?

Father James Burns

Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place?

three years

What type of education was pushed at Notre Dame before its embracing of national standards?

scholastic and classical

Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution?

Harvard Law School

Which college did Notre Dame add in 1921?

College of Commerce


One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the "Four Horsemen". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.

The Notre Dame football team got a new head coach in 1918, who was it?

Knute Rockne

What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach?

How many years was Knute Rockne head coach at Notre Dame?

How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame?

three

In what year did the team lead by Knute Rockne win the Rose Bowl?


The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana.

Catholic people identified with Notre Dame, what religious group did people feel Yale represented?

the Protestant establishment

Notre Dame students had a showdown in 1924 with which anti-catholic group?

the Ku Klux Klan

What type of event did the Klan intend to have at Notre Dame in March of 1924?

a week-long Klavern

Where did Notre Dame students and the KKK have their encounter?

South Bend

Which college president of Notre Dame is credited with preventing more confrontations between students and the KKK?

Fr. Matthew Walsh


Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to "acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate" Notre Dame. He wrote, "Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football."

Which person became vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933?

Father John Francis O'Hara

Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1934?

Father John Francis O'Hara

Irvin Abell was given what award by Notre Dame?

Laetare Medal

Which year was the Laetare Medal first given out at Notre Dame?

For whos glory did Father O'Hara believed that the Notre Dame football team played?

God


The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development

Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?

Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C.

Around the time that Rev. Cavanaugh became president of Notre Dame by how much did the undergrad student body of Notre Dame increase?

more than half

Which institute involving animal life did Cavanaugh create at Notre Dame?

Lobund Institute for Animal Studies

Outside of an institute studying animals, what other institute did Cavanugh create at Notre Dame?

Medieval Institute

What is O'Shaughnessy Hall of Notre Dame formerly known as?

Hall of Liberal Arts


The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.

What was the lifespan of Theodore Hesburgh?

During what years was Theodor Hesburgh president of Notre Dame?

In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase?

What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president?

$9 million

How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president?


Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism." Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students." Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing.

What type of educational institute is Hesburgh given credit for creating at Notre Dame?

coeducational

With what institute did Notre Dame agree to an exchange program in the 1960s?

Saint Mary's College

Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame?

Dean of Arts and Letters

What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame?

Vice President of Student Affairs

In what year did Notre Dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female?


In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.

During what years was Edward Malloy president of Notre Dame?

The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?

What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president?

When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment?

$350 million

When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have?

more than $70 million


Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.

When did John Jenkins become the president of Notre Dame?

In terms of the amount of presidents Notre Dame has had, where is John Jenkins on the list?

Who was the Notre Dame president that preceded John Jenkins?

Malloy

Which arena was constructed under Jenkins at Notre Dame?

Compton Family Ice Arena

How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins?


Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?

Congregation of Holy Cross

What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?

Basilica of the Sacred Heart

In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?

French Revival

Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?

Luigi Gregori

In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?


A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883?

Fr. Zahm

In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?

After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named?

Joseph LaFortune

How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame?

83,000 square feet

What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center?

$1.2 million


Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.

How many halls are at Notre Dame that house students?

Which library was built at Notre Dame in 1963?

Theodore Hesburgh Library

How many books are housed at the Theodore Hesburgh Library?

almost 4 million

Construction for which hall started on March 8th 2007 at Notre Dame?

Duncan Hall

Which baseball stadium is found at Notre Dame?

Frank Eck Stadium


The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a "B" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.

In what year did Notre Dame create the Office of Sustainability?

What percentage of the food served at Notre Dame is locally grown?

Notre Dame got a "B" for its sustainability practices from which entity?

Sustainable Endowments Institute

Gustavo Gutierrez is faculty of which institute?

Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies


The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The center enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome.

In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England?

At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found?

1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square

Notre Dame has a center in Beijing, what is it referred to as?

Global Gateways

In what year did the Suffolk Street location start to house a Notre Dame facility?


The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college.

What was Notre Dame's first college?

The College of Arts and Letters

In what year was the The College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame created?

In what year did the College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame grant its first degree?

On which university did Notre Dame base its curriculum on?

Saint Louis University

How many BA majors does the College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame offer?


The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States.

Which president at Notre Dame created the College of Science?

Father Patrick Dillon

In what year was the Notre Dame College of Science formed?

How many years long was a scientific course under Patrick Dillon at Notre Dame?

six years

Which hall at Notre Dame contains the current College of Science?

Jordan Hall of Science

How many undergrad students attend the College of Science at Notre Dame today?

over 1,200


The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.

In 1899 Notre Dame formed which college?

School of Architecture

In what building is the current School of Architecture housed at Notre Dame?

Bond Hall

What length is the course of study at the Notre Dame School of Architecture?

five-year

In which location do students of the School of Architecture of Notre Dame spend their 3rd year?

Rome

Which prestigious prize does the School of Architecture at Notre Dame give out?

Driehaus Architecture Prize


The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively.

In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed?

Before the creation of the College of Engineering similar studies were carried out at which Notre Dame college?

the College of Science

How many departments are within the Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering?

five

How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame?

eight

The College of Science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at Notre Dame?

the 1870s


All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested. The program also includes a Learning Resource Center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring. This program has been recognized previously, by U.S. News & World Report, as outstanding.

How many colleges for undergraduates are at Notre Dame?

five

What was created at Notre Dame in 1962 to assist first year students?

The First Year of Studies program

What entity provides help with the management of time for new students at Notre Dame?

Learning Resource Center

Which organization declared the First Year of Studies program at Notre Dame "outstanding?"

U.S. News & World Report