Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay. Balboa Park encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including Hillcrest and North Park. To the east and southeast lie City Heights, the College Area, and Southeast San Diego. To the north lies Mission Valley and Interstate 8. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, include Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Tierrasanta, and Navajo. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of Mira Mesa, Scripps Ranch, Rancho Peñasquitos, and Rancho Bernardo. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses Lake Hodges and the San Pasqual Valley, which holds an agricultural preserve. Carmel Valley and Del Mar Heights occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are Torrey Pines State Reserve and the business center of the Golden Triangle. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of La Jolla, Pacific Beach, Mission Beach, and Ocean Beach. Point Loma occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of South San Diego, such as San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, are located next to the Mexico–United States border, and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of National City and Chula Vista. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.

What community covers the area from Downtown San Diego to the peninsula?

Point Loma

Where is Otay Mesa found within the city?

next to the Mexico–United States border

What is the only coastal community in San Diego without the word "beach" in its name?

La Jolla

Which valley is encompassed by the most northeast portion of San Diego?

San Pasqual Valley

What community covers the area from Downtown San Francisco to the peninsula?

I'm not sure.

Where is Otay Mesa found outside the city?

I'm not sure.

What is the only coastal community in San Francisco without the word "beach" in its name?

I'm not sure.

What is the only coastal community in San Diego with the word "beach" in its name?

I'm not sure.

Which valley is encompassed by the most southeast portion of San Diego?

I'm not sure.


The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings due to the proximity of San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.

What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 300-feet tall?

El Cortez Hotel

How tall is One America Plaza?

500 feet

What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Diego?

San Diego International Airport

What organization regulates building heights in San Diego?

Federal Aviation Administration

What bank spent time as being the tallest building in San Diego?

Union Bank of California Building

What was the first skyscraper built in San Diego that was over 200-feet tall?

I'm not sure.

How tall is Two America Plaza?

I'm not sure.

What played a role in determining the maximum height skyscrapers can be in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What organization regulates building heights in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What bank spent time as being the shortest building in San Diego?

I'm not sure.


San Diego is one of the top-ten best climates in the Farmers' Almanac and is one of the two best summer climates in America as scored by The Weather Channel. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a semi-arid climate (BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification) or a Mediterranean climate (Csa and Csb). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). Dewpoints in the summer months range from 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) to 62.4 °F (16.9 °C).

When does San Diego receive most of its precipitation?

between December and March

How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 70 degrees Fahrenheit ?

201 days

What ranked San Diego as having the country's best summer climate?

Weather Channel

What type of climate is San Diego classified as having?

semi-arid climate

What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Diego in the winter?

mild

When does San Francisco receive most of its precipitation?

I'm not sure.

How many days of the year does San Diego typically experience temperatures above 60 degrees Fahrenheit ?

I'm not sure.

What ranked San Diego as having the country's worst summer climate?

I'm not sure.

What type of climate is San Francisco classified as having?

I'm not sure.

What type of weather can one expect to experience in San Francisco in the winter?

I'm not sure.


The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick "marine layer" cloud cover will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom can last into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C).

What areas experience the most significant temperature variations?

inland areas

What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in August?

88 °F

What frequently blankets San Diego in May and June?

a thick "marine layer" cloud cover

What is the average January low temperature in downtown San Diego?

50 °F (10 °C)

What effect does the springtime cloud cover have on the temperature?

keep the air cool and damp

What areas experience the most insignificant temperature variations?

I'm not sure.

What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in July?

I'm not sure.

What frequently blankets San Francisco in May and June?

I'm not sure.

What is the average January high temperature in downtown San Diego?

I'm not sure.

What effect does the summertime cloud cover have on the temperature?

I'm not sure.


Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation annually. The average (mean) rainfall is 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). Most of the rainfall occurs during the cooler months. The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more of rain. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher elevation areas of San Diego can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) of rain a year. Variability of rainfall can be extreme: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941 more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell in the city, whilst in the driest years as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm) has fallen for a full year. The wettest month on record has been December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm).

What is the average rainfall in February along the coast?

2 inches (51 mm)

What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1921?

wettest month on record

What is the average annual precipitation along San Diego's coast?

10.65 inches (271 mm)

What months are nearly completely dry in San Diego?

May through September

What areas of San Diego typically experienced the greatest rainfall?

higher elevation areas

What is the average rainfall in January along the coast?

I'm not sure.

What is significant about the weather that San Diego experienced in December 1912?

I'm not sure.

What is the average annual precipitation along San Francisco's coast?

I'm not sure.

What months are nearly completely dry in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What areas of San Francisco typically experienced the greatest rainfall?

I'm not sure.


Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.

What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego?

Torrey pine

What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for?

chaparral

Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego?

low elevations

What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?

prone to wildfire

How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?

The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats

What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What drought-resistant shrub is San Francisco known for?

I'm not sure.

Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What advantage comes along with sage scrub habitats?

I'm not sure.

How is San Francisco able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons?

I'm not sure.


San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered species list among counties in the United States. Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the Pacific Flyway, San Diego County has recorded the presence of 492 bird species, more than any other region in the country. San Diego always scores very high in the number of bird species observed in the annual Christmas Bird Count, sponsored by the Audubon Society, and it is known as one of the "birdiest" areas in the United States.

How many bird species have been observed in San Diego?

What birding event does the Audubon Society host every year?

Christmas Bird Count

What is special about the animal and plant species found in San Diego?

highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered species list

What flyway contributes to the diverse bird population in San Diego County?

Pacific Flyway

What word describes San Diego County due to the many birds residing there?

birdiest

How many bird species have been observed in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What birding event does the Audubon Society host some years?

I'm not sure.

What is special about the animal and plant species found in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What flyway contributes to the diverse bird population in San Francisco County?

I'm not sure.

What word describes San Diego County due to the few birds residing there?

I'm not sure.


San Diego and its backcountry are subject to periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire, which has been called the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to damage caused by the fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma, respiratory problems, eye irritation, and smoke inhalation; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week. Wildfires four years later destroyed some areas, particularly within the communities of Rancho Bernardo, Rancho Santa Fe, and Ramona.

When did California's largest wildfire of the century take place?

October 2003

How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2003?

280,000 acres (1,100 km2)

Why did San Diego schools close during the Cedar Fire?

poor air quality

How many years after the Cedar Fire did additional fires destroy Rancho Santa Fe?

four years later

How many homes were destroyed in the Cedar Fire?

more than 2,200

When did California's smallest wildfire of the century take place?

I'm not sure.

How many acres were burned in the historic Cedar Fire of 2002?

I'm not sure.

Why did San Francisco schools close during the Cedar Fire?

I'm not sure.

How many years after the Cedar Fire did additional fires destroy Rancho Francisco Fe?

I'm not sure.

How many homes were saved in the Cedar Fire?

I'm not sure.


The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.

In the top five largest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank?

third-largest

What area does Los Angeles and San Francisco merge with to form metropolitan areas larger than San Diego?

Riverside–San Bernardino

What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2010 census?

How many square miles does San Diego cover?

What is the population of San Diego's urgan area?

In the top ten smallest urban areas in California, where does San Diego rank?

I'm not sure.

What area does Los Angeles and San Francisco merge with to form metropolitan areas smaller than San Diego?

I'm not sure.

What was the population of San Diego at the time of the 2000 census?

I'm not sure.

How many square miles does San Francisco cover?

I'm not sure.

What is the population of San Francisco's urban area?

I'm not sure.


As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.

What was the population density of San Diego in 2009?

3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)

What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009?

Asian

In 2009, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2010 census?

What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2010?

just under 7%

What was the population density of San Diego in 2008?

I'm not sure.

What ethnicity made up 19.5.% of San Diego's population in 2009?

I'm not sure.

In 2008, what percentage of the population was Hispanic?

I'm not sure.

What was San Diego's population at the time of the 2012 census?

I'm not sure.

What was the population increase in San Diego from 2009 to 2011?

I'm not sure.


As of January 1, 2008 estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733, and that the city population rose to 1,336,865, up 9.3% from 2000. The population was 45.3% non-Hispanic whites, down from 78.9% in 1970, 27.7% Hispanics, 15.6% Asians/Pacific Islanders, 7.1% blacks, 0.4% American Indians, and 3.9% from other races. Median age of Hispanics was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanics were the largest group in all ages under 18, and non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older.

In what year was the household median income in San Diego at $45,733?

What was the median age of non-Hispanic whites in 2008?

In 2008, which racial group had the most individuals under the age of 18?

Hispanics

Of the population of individuals 55 and older, what percentage were non-Hispanic whites in 2008?

What did the average salary increase to at the time of the 2008 census?

In what year was the household median income in San Francisco at $45,733?

I'm not sure.

What was the median age of non-Hispanic whites in 2009?

I'm not sure.

In 2008, which racial group had the most individuals under the age of 16?

I'm not sure.

Of the population of individuals 65 and older, what percentage were non-Hispanic whites in 2008?

I'm not sure.

What did the average salary decrease to at the time of the 2008 census?

I'm not sure.


The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over. As of 2011[update] the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65. Millennials (ages 18 through 34) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city. The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into 5-year age groups.

What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Diego?

SANDAG

What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2000?

Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2000?

65 and over

In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 35.6?

What percentage of the population in 2011 were millenials?

What regional planning agency offers graphs and tables of census information for San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of San Diego's population was under the age of 18 in 2002?

I'm not sure.

Which age group accounted for 10.5% of the population in 2002?

I'm not sure.

In what year was the median age of residents in San Diego 36.5?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of the population in 2010 were millenials?

I'm not sure.


In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Nonetheless, San Diego was rated the fifth-best place to live in the United States in 2006 by Money magazine.

What percentage of the population fell below the poverty line in San Diego in 2005?

What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2006?

fifth-best place to live in the United States

What magazine rated San Diego as being the country's fifth wealthiest city?

Forbes

In 2000,  what was the median salary for females in San Diego?

What percentage of familes were below the poverty line in 2005?

What percentage of the population fell below the poverty line in San Diego in 2006?

I'm not sure.

What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2005?

I'm not sure.

What magazine rated San Diego as being the country's fourth wealthiest city?

I'm not sure.

In 2010, what was the median salary for females in San Diego?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of familes were below the poverty line in 2015?

I'm not sure.


Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcala and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital."

What type of tours attract a large number of visitors to San Diego?

beer tours

What big event takes place in San Diego in November?

San Diego Beer Week

What historical mission is a major tourist attraction in San Diego?

Mission San Diego de Alcala

What popular park in San Diego is home to the San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, and countless museums?

Balboa Park

What nickname has the city  been given as a result of its extensive craft beer industry?

America's Craft Beer Capital

What type of tours attract a large number of visitors to San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What big event takes place in San Diego in December?

I'm not sure.

What historical mission is a minor tourist attraction in San Diego?

I'm not sure.

What popular park in San Francisco is home to the San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, and countless museums?

I'm not sure.

What nickname has the city been given as a result of its extensive craft wine industry?

I'm not sure.


The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California-Baja California border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.

Where is San Diego's border crossing?

the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry

How long is the border that San Diego shares with Mexico?

15-mile (24 km)

Where is the next nearest commercial crossing at the border?

Otay Mesa

What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?

the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.

How many border crossings does San Diego share with Mexico?

two

Where is San Francisco's border crossing?

I'm not sure.

How long is the border that San Francisco shares with Mexico?

I'm not sure.

Where is the farthest commercial crossing at the border?

I'm not sure.

What is the volumte of bikes handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?

I'm not sure.

How many border crossings does San Francisco share with Mexico?

I'm not sure.


San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Communications and Novatel Wireless. The largest software company in San Diego is security software company Websense Inc. San Diego also has the U.S. headquarters for the Slovakian security company ESET. San Diego has been designated as an iHub Innovation Center for collaboration potentially between wireless and life sciences.

Why is San Diego known as an iHub Innovation Center?

for collaboration potentially between wireless and life sciences

What cellular  company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers?

Qualcomm

What cellular company is headquartered in San Diego that uses the AT&T network?

Cricket Communications

What is San Diego's largest software company?

Websense Inc

What sector does ESET fall under?

security

Why is San Francisco known as an iHub Innovation Center?

I'm not sure.

What cellular company is one of the city's smallest private-sector employers?

I'm not sure.

What cellular company is headquartered in San Francisco that uses the AT&T network?

I'm not sure.

What is San Diego's smallest software company?

I'm not sure.

What sector does SEET fall under?

I'm not sure.


The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area. In particular, the La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies. Major biotechnology companies like Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences are headquartered in San Diego, while many biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 contract research organizations (CROs) that provide a variety of contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

What institution has contributed to the growth of fuel biotechnology?

University of California

What city does San Diego come in second to in the biotech industry?

Boston

How many contract research organizations are in San Diego?

What two areas have the numerous research facilities and offices for biotech companies?

La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley

What two major biotech companies are headquartered in San Diego?

Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences

What institution has contributed to the decline of fuel biotechnology?

I'm not sure.

What city does San Diego come in third to in the biotech industry?

I'm not sure.

How many contract research organizations are in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What two areas have the few research facilities and offices for biotech companies?

I'm not sure.

What two major biotech companies are headquartered in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.


Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at the Santa Fe Depot downtown. The downtown branch consists of two building on two opposite streets. The Columbia district downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the San Diego Maritime Museum, headlined by the Star of India, as well as the unrelated San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum featuring the USS Midway aircraft carrier.

What museum has a branch at the Santa Fe Depot?

Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD)

In what district can historic ship exhibits be found?

Columbia district downtown

Where can one find the San Diego Zoo?

Balboa Park

Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?

San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum

What space-focused museum is in Balboa Park?

San Diego Air & Space Museum

What museum has no branch at the Santa Fe Depot?

I'm not sure.

In what district can't historic ship exhibits be found?

I'm not sure.

Where can one find the San Francisco Zoo?

I'm not sure.

Which museum houses the USA Midway aircraft carrier?

I'm not sure.

What space-focused museum is in Rocky Balboa Park?

I'm not sure.


The San Diego Symphony at Symphony Towers performs on a regular basis and is directed by Jahja Ling. The San Diego Opera at Civic Center Plaza, directed by Ian Campbell, was ranked by Opera America as one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States. Old Globe Theatre at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and musicals annually. The La Jolla Playhouse at UCSD is directed by Christopher Ashley. Both the Old Globe Theatre and the La Jolla Playhouse have produced the world premieres of plays and musicals that have gone on to win Tony Awards or nominations on Broadway. The Joan B. Kroc Theatre at Kroc Center's Performing Arts Center is a 600-seat state-of-the-art theatre that hosts music, dance, and theatre performances. The San Diego Repertory Theatre at the Lyceum Theatres in Horton Plaza produces a variety of plays and musicals. Hundreds of movies and a dozen TV shows have been filmed in San Diego, a tradition going back as far as 1898.

Who is the director of the San Diego Symphony?

Jahja Ling

Where can one enjoy a performance directed by Christopher Ashley?

La Jolla Playhouse at UCSD

Which theater is known for hosting a variety of musicals and plays?

San Diego Repertory Theatre at the Lyceum Theatres

How far back to San Diego's roots in the arts and theater sector go?

What did Opera America call the San Diego Opera at the Civic Center Plaza?

one of the top 10 opera companies in the United States

Who is the director of the San Francisco Symphony?

I'm not sure.

Where can one enjoy a performance acted by Christopher Ashley?

I'm not sure.

Which theater is unknown for hosting a variety of musicals and plays?

I'm not sure.

How far back to San Francisco's roots in the arts and theater sector go?

I'm not sure.

What did Opera America call the San Francisco Opera at the Civic Center Plaza?

I'm not sure.


The San Diego Surf of the American Basketball Association is located in the city. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. This course was also the site of the 2008 U.S. Open Golf Championship. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted the America's Cup yacht races three times during the period 1988 to 1995. The amateur beach sport Over-the-line was invented in San Diego, and the annual world Over-the-line championships are held at Mission Bay every year.

What tournament used to be known as the Buick Invitational?

Farmers Insurance Open

How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1955?

three times

What beach sport was inveted in San Diego?

Over-the-line

What yacht-related event is held annually in Mission Bay?

Over-the-line championships

What golf course hosts the Farmers Insurance Open?

Torrey Pines Golf Course

What tournament used to be known as the Dodge Invitational?

I'm not sure.

How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1945?

I'm not sure.

What beach sport was invented in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What yacht-related event is held biannually in Mission Bay?

I'm not sure.

What golf course hosts the Farmers Insurance Closed?

I'm not sure.


The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body. The City of San Diego is responsible for police, public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders. San Diego is a sanctuary city, however, San Diego County is a participant of the Secure Communities program. As of 2011[update], the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million.

In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?

How many employees are there in San Diego for every 137 residents?

one

What is the number of members on the city's council?

Despite being a sanctuary city, what program does San Diego county participate in?

Secure Communities program

What is the county's payroll?

greater than $733 million.

In what year did the city vote to change to a weak mayor government?

I'm not sure.

How many employees are there in San Diego for every 37 residents?

I'm not sure.

What is the number of members on the county's council?

I'm not sure.

Despite being a sanctuary city, what program does San Francisco county participate in?

I'm not sure.

What is the city's payroll?

I'm not sure.


The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican.

Who votes in the city's attorney and mayor?

voters of the entire city

How long is the term for council members?

four-year terms,

Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007?

Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6

Who is Kevin Faulconer?

current mayor

Who elects members of city council?

single member districts within the city

Who votes in the city's attorney and general?

I'm not sure.

How long is the term for security members?

I'm not sure.

Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2017?

I'm not sure.

Who isn't Kevin Faulconer?

I'm not sure.

Who fires members of city council?

I'm not sure.


In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange for trying to repeal the city's "no touch" laws at strip clubs. Both subsequently resigned. Inzunza was sentenced to 21 months in prison. In 2009, a judge acquitted Zucchet on seven out of the nine counts against him, and granted his petition for a new trial on the other two charges; the remaining charges were eventually dropped.

What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005?

Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet

What strip club-related law were the council members trying to repeal?

no touch

In what year were Zucchet's seven out of nine counts acquitted?

How long was Inzunza's  prison sentence?

21 months

Who did Inzunza and Zucche accept money from?

a strip club owner and his associates

What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2015?

I'm not sure.

What strip club-related law were the council members trying to repeat?

I'm not sure.

In what year were Zucchet's seven out of ten counts acquitted?

I'm not sure.

How long was Inzunza's hopital sentence?

I'm not sure.

Who did Inzunza and Zucche reject money from?

I'm not sure.


In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor Bob Filner asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated sexual harassment. Over the ensuing six weeks, 18 women came forward to publicly claim that Filner had sexually harassed them, and multiple individuals and groups called for him to resign. On August 19 Filner and city representatives entered a mediation process, as a result of which Filner agreed to resign, effective August 30, 2013, while the city agreed to limit his legal and financial exposure. Filner subsequently pleaded guilty to one felony count of false imprisonment and two misdemeanor battery charges, and was sentenced to house arrest and probation.

Why was Mayor Bob Filner asked to resign?

allegations of repeated sexual harassment

How many women claimed to be sexually harassed by Filner?

What was Filner's sentence?

house arrest and probation

When did a mediation process begin between Filner and a city representative?

August 19

How long did Filner's trial last?

six weeks

Why was Mayor Bob Filner asked to re-sign for longer?

I'm not sure.

How many men claimed to be sexually harassed by Filner?

I'm not sure.

What wasn't Filner's sentence?

I'm not sure.

When did a mediation process begin between Filner and a county representative?

I'm not sure.

How long did Filner's term last?

I'm not sure.


San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in the early 2000s. In 2004, San Diego had the sixth lowest crime rate of any U.S. city with over half a million residents. From 2002 to 2006, the crime rate overall dropped 0.8%, though not evenly by category. While violent crime decreased 12.4% during this period, property crime increased 1.1%. Total property crimes per 100,000 people were lower than the national average in 2008.

What happened to the crime rate in San Diego between 1990 and 2000?

San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000

What did Business Insider call San Diego in 2013?

20th-safest city in America

In what place did Forbes rank San Diego on it's top 10 list?

ninth

What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006?

What type of crime increased between 2002 and 2006?

property crime

What happened to the crime rate in San Diego between 1990 and 2010?

I'm not sure.

What did Business Insider call San Diego in 2003?

I'm not sure.

In what place did Forbes rank San Diego on it's top 5 list?

I'm not sure.

What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2016?

I'm not sure.

What type of crime increased between 2002 and 2016?

I'm not sure.


San Diego's first television station was KFMB, which began broadcasting on May 16, 1949. Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two VHF channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city. In 1952, however, the FCC began licensing UHF channels, making it possible for cities such as San Diego to acquire more stations. Stations based in Mexico (with ITU prefixes of XE and XH) also serve the San Diego market. Television stations today include XHTJB 3 (Once TV), XETV 6 (CW), KFMB 8 (CBS), KGTV 10 (ABC), XEWT 12 (Televisa Regional), KPBS 15 (PBS), KBNT-CD 17 (Univision), XHTIT-TDT 21 (Azteca 7), XHJK-TDT 27 (Azteca 13), XHAS 33 (Telemundo), K35DG-D 35 (UCSD-TV), KDTF-LD 51 (Telefutura), KNSD 39 (NBC), KZSD-LP 41 (Azteca America), KSEX-CD 42 (Infomercials), XHBJ-TDT 45 (Gala TV), XHDTV 49 (MNTV), KUSI 51 (Independent), XHUAA-TDT 57 (Canal de las Estrellas), and KSWB-TV 69 (Fox). San Diego has an 80.6 percent cable penetration rate.

Which television station began broadcasting  on May 16, 1949?

KFMB

What is San Diego's cable penetration rate?

80.6 percent

Why was San Diego eligible for two VHF channels?

because of its relative proximity to the larger city

In what year did UHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC?

What independent station is in San Diego?

KUSI 51

Which television station began broadcasting on May 16, 1994?

I'm not sure.

What is San Francisco's cable penetration rate?

I'm not sure.

Why was San Diego ineligible for two VHF channels?

I'm not sure.

In what year did VHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC?

I'm not sure.

What dependent station is in San Diego?

I'm not sure.


Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there must be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).[citation needed] Though the E. W. Scripps Company owns KGTV and KZSD-LP, they are not considered a duopoly under the FCC's legal definition as common ownership between full-power and low-power television stations in the same market is permitted regardless to the number of stations licensed to the area. As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (Entravision Communications owns both XHAS-TV and XHDTV-TV, Azteca owns XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV, and Grupo Televisa owns XHUAA-TV and XHWT-TV along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which is run by California-based subsidiary Bay City Television).

How many duopolies does the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have?

two

What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV?

Entravision Communications

Which station is ran by Bay City Television?

XETV-TV

What two stations are owned by Azteca?

XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV

How many duopolies doesn't the Mexico side of San Diego-Tijuana have?

I'm not sure.

What company disowns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV?

I'm not sure.

Which station is ran by Ray City Television?

I'm not sure.

Which station isn't ran by Bay City Television?

I'm not sure.

What three stations are owned by Azteca?

I'm not sure.


The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster, Clear Channel Communications; CBS Radio, Midwest Television, Lincoln Financial Media, Finest City Broadcasting, and many other smaller stations and networks. Stations include: KOGO AM 600, KFMB AM 760, KCEO AM 1000, KCBQ AM 1170, K-Praise, KLSD AM 1360 Air America, KFSD 1450 AM, KPBS-FM 89.5, Channel 933, Star 94.1, FM 94/9, FM News and Talk 95.7, Q96 96.1, KyXy 96.5, Free Radio San Diego (AKA Pirate Radio San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, KSON 97.3/92.1, KXSN 98.1, Jack-FM 100.7, 101.5 KGB-FM, KLVJ 102.1, Rock 105.3, and another Pirate Radio station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations.

What is another name Free Radio San Diego is known by?

Pirate Radio San Diego

In addition to Free Radio San Diego, what other pirate station is in San Diego?

What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Diego?

Clear Channel Communications

Which language are some local radio stations available in?

Spanish

What is the exact setting for FM News & Talk?

What is another name Free Radio San Francisco is known by?

I'm not sure.

Which language are all local radio stations available in?

I'm not sure.

In addition to Free Radio San Diego, what other pirate station is in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What is the largest nationwide broadcaster in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What is the exact setting for AM News & Talk?

I'm not sure.


With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the Inland Empire to Las Vegas and Salt Lake City; and Interstate 805, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at Sorrento Valley.

What major interstate runs from Tijuana to Los Angeles?

Interstate 8

Where does Interstate 805 split from I-5?

near the Mexican border

Which interstate directly connects the east with the Arizona Sun Corridor and Imperial County?

Interstate 8

What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 15?

Las Vegas and Salt Lake City

What percentage of San Diego's residents rely on theri automobile as a primary source of transportation?

over 80 percent

What minor interstate runs from Tijuana to Los Angeles?

I'm not sure.

Where does Interstate 805 split from I-6?

I'm not sure.

What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 51?

I'm not sure.

What percentage of San Francisco's residents rely on their automobile as a primary source of transportation?

I'm not sure.


Major state highways include SR 94, which connects downtown with I-805, I-15 and East County; SR 163, which connects downtown with the northeast part of the city, intersects I-805 and merges with I-15 at Miramar; SR 52, which connects La Jolla with East County through Santee and SR 125; SR 56, which connects I-5 with I-15 through Carmel Valley and Rancho Peñasquitos; SR 75, which spans San Diego Bay as the San Diego-Coronado Bridge, and also passes through South San Diego as Palm Avenue; and SR 905, which connects I-5 and I-805 to the Otay Mesa Port of Entry.

What highway connects the I-805 with the downtown area?

SR 94

Where does SR 94 merge with I-15?

at Miramar

Where does SR 75 flow primarily through?

San Diego Bay

What highway connects the I-905 with the downtown area?

I'm not sure.

What highway connects the I-805 with the uptown area?

I'm not sure.

Where does SR 49 merge with I-15?

I'm not sure.

Where does SR 94 merge with I-51?

I'm not sure.

Where does SR 57 flow primarily through?

I'm not sure.


San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of routes for travel by bicycle. The dry and mild climate of San Diego makes cycling a convenient and pleasant year-round option. At the same time, the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain and significantly long average trip distances—brought about by strict low-density zoning laws—somewhat restrict cycling for utilitarian purposes. Older and denser neighborhoods around the downtown tend to be utility cycling oriented. This is partly because of the grid street patterns now absent in newer developments farther from the urban core, where suburban style arterial roads are much more common. As a result, a vast majority of cycling-related activities are recreational. Testament to San Diego's cycling efforts, in 2006, San Diego was rated as the best city for cycling for U.S. cities with a population over 1 million.

In what year was San Diego rated as the country's best densely populated city for cycling?

Why are older neighborhoods in San Diego popular with cyclists?

the grid street patterns

What makes San Diego the ideal city to commute via bike?

dry and mild climate

Why are average trip distances so lengthy in San Diego?

the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain

In what year was San Diego rated as the country's worst densely populated city for cycling?

I'm not sure.

Why are older neighborhoods in San Diego unpopular with cyclists?

I'm not sure.

Why are older neighborhoods in San Francisco popular with cyclists?

I'm not sure.

What makes San Francisco the ideal city to commute via bike?

I'm not sure.

Why are average trip distances so lengthy in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.


San Diego is served by the San Diego Trolley light rail system, by the SDMTS bus system, and by Coaster and Amtrak Pacific Surfliner commuter rail; northern San Diego county is also served by the Sprinter light rail line. The Trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, Mission Valley, east county, and coastal south bay. A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley will operate from Old Town to University City and the University of California, San Diego along the I-5 Freeway, with planned operation by 2018. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via Metrolink and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in Old Town and the Santa Fe Depot downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "511" from any phone in the area.

What areas of San Diego are primarily served by the trolley?

downtown and surrounding urban communities

What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2018?

A planned Mid-Coast extension of the Trolley

How many Amtrak stations are in San Diego?

two

What number can you dial from any phone for public transportation information in San Diego?

Where do the Amtrak and Coaster trains primarily run?

along the coastline

What areas of San Francisco are primarily served by the trolley?

I'm not sure.

What public transportation is in the works to be completed by 2019?

I'm not sure.

How many Amtrak stations are in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What number can you dial from any phone for public transportation information in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

Where do the Amtrak and Coaster trains primarily never run?

I'm not sure.


The city's primary commercial airport is the San Diego International Airport (SAN), also known as Lindbergh Field. It is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. It served over 17 million passengers in 2005, and is dealing with an increasingly larger number every year. It is located on San Diego Bay three miles (4.8 km) from downtown. San Diego International Airport maintains scheduled flights to the rest of the United States including Hawaii, as well as to Mexico, Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom. It is operated by an independent agency, the San Diego Regional Airport Authority. In addition, the city itself operates two general-aviation airports, Montgomery Field (MYF) and Brown Field (SDM). By 2015, the Tijuana Cross-border Terminal in Otay Mesa will give direct access to Tijuana International Airport, with passengers walking across the U.S.–Mexico border on a footbridge to catch their flight on the Mexican side.

What is the more popular name of Lindbergh Field?

San Diego International Airport (SAN)

What independent agency operates San Diego International Airport?

San Diego Regional Airport Authority

What is the purpose of the Tijuana Cross-border Terminal?

give direct access to Tijuana International Airport

How many passengers did San Diego Internatonal Airport serve in 2005?

17 million

What two general aviation airports are operated by the San Diego Regional Airport Authority?

Montgomery Field (MYF) and Brown Field (SDM)

What is the less popular name of Lindbergh Field?

I'm not sure.

What independent agency operates San Francisco International Airport?

I'm not sure.

What isn't the purpose of the Tijuana Cross-border Terminal?

I'm not sure.

How many passengers did San Diego Internatonal Airport serve in 2015?

I'm not sure.

What two general aviation airports are operated by the San Francisco Regional Airport Authority?

I'm not sure.


Numerous regional transportation projects have occurred in recent years to mitigate congestion in San Diego. Notable efforts are improvements to San Diego freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal of the port. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and 805 around "The Merge," a rush-hour spot where the two freeways meet. Also, an expansion of Interstate 15 through the North County is underway with the addition of high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) "managed lanes". There is a tollway (The South Bay Expressway) connecting SR 54 and Otay Mesa, near the Mexican border. According to a 2007 assessment, 37 percent of streets in San Diego were in acceptable driving condition. The proposed budget fell $84.6 million short of bringing the city's streets to an acceptable level. Port expansions included a second cruise terminal on Broadway Pier which opened in 2010. Airport projects include expansion of Terminal 2, currently under construction and slated for completion in summer 2013.

What is the name given to the highly congested spot where Interstates 5 and 805 meet?

The Merge

What tollway connects Otay Mesa with SR 54?

The South Bay Expressway

Which terminal was expanded in the San Diego International Airport in 2013?

Terminal 2

What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 15?

high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) "managed lanes"

In 2007, what percentage of the roads in San Diego were considered acceptable?

37 percent

What is the name given to the highly congested spot where Interstates 85 and 805 meet?

I'm not sure.

What tollway connects Otay Mesa with SR 45?

I'm not sure.

Which terminal was expanded in the San Diego International Airport in 2003?

I'm not sure.

What type of special lanes were added to Interstate 51?

I'm not sure.

In 2017, what percentage of the roads in San Diego were considered acceptable?

I'm not sure.


Private colleges and universities in the city include University of San Diego (USD), Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), Alliant International University (AIU), National University, California International Business University (CIBU), San Diego Christian College, John Paul the Great Catholic University, California College San Diego, Coleman University, University of Redlands School of Business, Design Institute of San Diego (DISD), Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising's San Diego campus, NewSchool of Architecture and Design, Pacific Oaks College San Diego Campus, Chapman University's San Diego Campus, The Art Institute of California – San Diego, Platt College, Southern States University (SSU), UEI College, and Woodbury University School of Architecture's satellite campus.

What is a college in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.

What is another college in San Francisco?

I'm not sure.


The term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة, meaning "nation" or "community") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah refers to Islamic civilization, exclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization. In a modern geopolitical sense, the term "Islamic Nation" usually refers collectively to Muslim-majority countries, states, districts, or towns.

Islamic World is another way to refer to what?

Muslim world

When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to?

those who adhere to the teachings of Islam

When speaking about culture, what does Ummah refer to?

Islamic civilization

Community, or Nation are direct translations of what word in reference to Islam?

Ummah

World and group are the same as what Aribic word?

I'm not sure.

What civilization does Ummah refer to when used in a religious sense?

I'm not sure.

What teachings does Ummah refer to when used in a cultural sense?

I'm not sure.

What term refers to all countries where Muslims live?

I'm not sure.


The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations.

When did the Islamic Golden age start?

What other age occurred at the same time as the Islamic Golden Age?

the Middle Ages

There what is the latest year for the end of the Islamic Golden Age?

What years did Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid reign?

786 to 809

Where was the House of Wisdom held?

Baghdad

What State was first established in the 6th century?

I'm not sure.

What golden age occurred at the same time as the Middle Ages?

I'm not sure.

What did the Mongolians sack in the 12th century?

I'm not sure.

What did the Christians reconquer in 1492?

I'm not sure.

What caliph reigned in the 7th and 8th century?

I'm not sure.


Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating to around the 8th century. Another contribution was the development of stone-paste ceramics, originating from 9th century Iraq. Other centers for innovative ceramic pottery in the Old world included Fustat (from 975 to 1075), Damascus (from 1100 to around 1600) and Tabriz (from 1470 to 1550).

What type of ceramic art was popular from the 8th to the 18th century in the art of Islam?

glazed ceramics

Which ceramic glazing was developed by those potters which were Islamic?

Tin-opacified glazing

Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?

Basra

Around when were the first opaque glazes developed?

8th century

Where were stone-paste ceramics invented?

9th century Iraq

What was used in Islamic art from the 800's to the 1800's?

I'm not sure.

What is often formed into utilitarian pottery?

I'm not sure.

What ceramic glazing was adopted by islamic potters?

I'm not sure.

Where can you find the latest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?

I'm not sure.

What was a center for innovative ceramic pottery in the 14th and 15th century?

I'm not sure.


The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and later Arabian fables. The original concept is derived from a pre-Islamic Persian prototype Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables) that relied on particular Indian elements. It reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fantasy tales tend to be called Arabian Nights stories when translated into English, regardless of whether they appear in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights or not. This work has been very influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by Antoine Galland. Imitations were written, especially in France. Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture, such as Aladdin, Sinbad the Sailor and Ali Baba.

What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world?

One Thousand and One Nights

Arabian nights was originally based upon what Persian work?

Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables)

In what century was One Thousand and One Nights completed?

14th century

When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West?

18th century

Who was the first westerner to translate One Thousand and One Nights?

Antoine Galland

What is the earliest Islamic work of fiction?

I'm not sure.

What reached its final for in the 1400's?

I'm not sure.

Arabian nights was originally based on what Arabian work?

I'm not sure.

What language was One Thousand and One Nights translated to in the 1800's?

I'm not sure.


A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history. Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story, which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction, such as The Heroic Legend of Arslan.

Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?

Arabic poetry and Persian poetry

Which era is Layla and Majnun from?

Umayyad era

In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?

7th century

What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?

a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history

Who wrote Shahnameh?

Ferdowsi

What ers dates to the 700's?

I'm not sure.

What Arabic and Persian poetry dates to the 700's?

I'm not sure.

What was inspired by Romeo and Juliet?

I'm not sure.

What is the national epic of Persia?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote the national epic of Persia?

I'm not sure.


Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus. Both of these narratives had protagonists (Hayy in Philosophus Autodidactus and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus) who were autodidactic feral children living in seclusion on a desert island, both being the earliest examples of a desert island story. However, while Hayy lives alone with animals on the desert island for the rest of the story in Philosophus Autodidactus, the story of Kamil extends beyond the desert island setting in Theologus Autodidactus, developing into the earliest known coming of age plot and eventually becoming the first example of a science fiction novel.

What is another name for Ibn Tufail?

Abubacer

What Arabic book is Ibn Tufail noted for writing?

Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus)

Who wrote Theologus Autodidactus?

Ibn al-Nafis

What person wrote The Incoherence of the Philosophers?

Al-Ghazali

Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?

Hayy

Who where pioneers of the fictional novel?

I'm not sure.

What did Ibn Tufil write in response to the novel by Ibn al-Nafis

I'm not sure.

What did Al-Ghazali's write in response to Ibn Tufail's novel?

I'm not sure.

What book by Ibn al-Nafis write about kamil?

I'm not sure.


Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time. Ibn al-Nafis' fiction explained Islamic religious teachings via science and Islamic philosophy.

What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?

What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?

science fiction

What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?

scientific knowledge

What did Ibn al-Nafis write in the 12th century?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote a science fiction novel in the 12th century?

I'm not sure.

What events did Ibn al-Nafis give supernatural or mythological explanations?

I'm not sure.

Who used mythology to explain Islamic teachings?

I'm not sure.


A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.

Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?

Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?

Edward Pococke the Younger

Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?

Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?

Daniel Defoe

What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus?

The Aspiring Naturalist

What work by Tufail was translated in the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

What did Edward Pococke the Younger translate in the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

Who translated Tufail's work to English in the 17th century?

I'm not sure.

What was Robert Boyle inspired to write by Tufail's work?

I'm not sure.


Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, derived features of and episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology: the Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin in 1264 or shortly before as Liber Scale Machometi) concerning the ascension to Heaven of Muhammad, and the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi. The Moors also had a noticeable influence on the works of George Peele and William Shakespeare. Some of their works featured Moorish characters, such as Peele's The Battle of Alcazar and Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello, which featured a Moorish Othello as its title character. These works are said to have been inspired by several Moorish delegations from Morocco to Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century.

In what year was Kitab al-Miraj likely translated into Latin?

in 1264 or shortly before

Who wrote the Divine Comedy?

Dante Alighieri

Which works by Shakespeare is believed to be inspired by The Moors?

Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and Othello

In what century is it believed that delegations of Moors began to influence western works by the likes of Shakespeare?

17th century

What aspects from Islamic works did the Divine Comedy feature?

episodes about Bolgia from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology

What was translated to Latin in the 12th century?

I'm not sure.

Whose works influenced the Moors?

I'm not sure.

Who visited Elizabethan England in the 1700's?

I'm not sure.

Whose works featured Arabian Characters?

I'm not sure.


One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.

What was the life span of Ibn Sina?

How many books were said to have been written by Ibn Sina?

What subjects did Ibn Sina mainly write about?

philosophy and medicine

What medical book is Ibn Sina most noted for in European universities?

The Canon of Medicine

What philosophical encyclopedia is Ibn Sina known for writing?

The Book of Healing

What is defined as a philosopy influenced by Islam?

I'm not sure.

What philosophy is strictly produced by Muslims?

I'm not sure.

What scholar lived from the 9th to the 10th century?

I'm not sure.

What book was used in Universities around the world?

I'm not sure.

Where was The Book of Healing the standard test?

I'm not sure.


Yet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's problem. European scholars and writers influenced by this novel include John Locke, Gottfried Leibniz, Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens, George Keith, Robert Barclay, the Quakers, and Samuel Hartlib.

Which philosopher from the Muslim world influenced modern philosophy?

Ibn Tufail

Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha?

Ibn Tufail

In what year was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to the Latin language?

What kind of book is Hayy ibn Yaqdha?

philosophical novel

What philosophical novel was written in the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

What was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to in the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

What European scholars influenced Tufail?

I'm not sure.

What themes were developed in Tufail's 16th century novel?

I'm not sure.


Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history.

Which philosopher of the Muslim world is considered an important author of work on evolution?

al-Jahiz

Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it?

Alhazen

What type of work is Ibn al-Haytham known to have pioneered?

phenomenology and the philosophy of science

Who is considered to have been the one that founded Illuminationist philosophy?

Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi

Which philosopher in the Muslim world championed inductive logic in their works?

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Who is credited with further developing Illuinationist philosophy?

I'm not sure.

What natural philosophy did Tufail ctiticize?

I'm not sure.

What logic did AlpBiruni criticize?

I'm not sure.


Muslim scientists contributed to advances in the sciences. They placed far greater emphasis on experiment than had the Greeks. This led to an early scientific method being developed in the Muslim world, where progress in methodology was made, beginning with the experiments of Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) on optics from circa 1000, in his Book of Optics. The most important development of the scientific method was the use of experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a generally empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist." al-Khwarzimi's invented the log base systems that are being used today, he also contributed theorems in trigonometry as well as limits. Recent studies show that it is very likely that the Medieval Muslim artists were aware of advanced decagonal quasicrystal geometry (discovered half a millennium later in the 1970s and 1980s in the West) and used it in intricate decorative tilework in the architecture.

Ibn al-Haytham experimented with what around the year 1000?

optics

Ibn al-Haytham wrote about his work around the year 1000, what was it?

Book of Optics

Regarding the intromission theory of light, who showed the first proof?

Ibn al-Haytham

Which Muslim scientist worked on trigonometry?

al-Khwarzimi

Who is believed to have discovered decagonal quasicrystal geometry?

Medieval Muslim artists

Who placed more emphasis on observation than the Greeks did?

I'm not sure.

What method was developed in the Greek world?

I'm not sure.

who experimented on optics in the 10th century?

I'm not sure.

What did Ibn al-Haytham write in the 10th century

I'm not sure.

What type of geometry was first discovered in the West?

I'm not sure.


Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.

What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing?

Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body)

In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being?

15th century

Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?

Ibn al-Nafis

Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?

Avicenna

Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif?

Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi

Who first established the fields of anatomy and phusiology?

I'm not sure.

Who wrote Anatomy of the body in the 1500's?

I'm not sure.

What photos where found in Anatomy of the body?

I'm not sure.

What book was a standard text in universities until the 1800's?

I'm not sure.

What Latin encyclopedia was used in medical schools for centuries?

I'm not sure.


In astronomy, Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Averroes, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir were later incorporated into the Copernican heliocentric model. Heliocentric theories were also discussed by several other Muslim astronomers such as Al-Biruni, Al-Sijzi, Qotb al-Din Shirazi, and Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī. The astrolabe, though originally developed by the Greeks, was perfected by Islamic astronomers and engineers, and was subsequently brought to Europe.

What field did Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī contribute to?

astronomy

What work is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī known for as it regards to earth?

improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis

What model did the work of Muslim World astronomers contribute to?

the Copernican heliocentric model

Who created the astrolabe?

the Greeks

Who is said to have mastered the astrolabe?

Islamic astronomers and engineers

What measurment did Copernicas improve?

I'm not sure.

What model did Copernicas use to measure the earth's axis?

I'm not sure.

Who perfected the astrolabe originally developed by Islamic astronomers?

I'm not sure.

What model did Al-Biruni make corrections to?

I'm not sure.


Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.

What was the windmill used for?

irrigation and farming

which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?

almonds and citrus fruit

Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?

Arab merchants

When did the Portuguese arrive in the Indian Ocean?

16th century

Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?

Hormuz

What technology was developed from advances in irrigation and farming?

I'm not sure.

What crops were brought from Europe?

I'm not sure.

What cultivation was gradually adopted by Muslims>

I'm not sure.

Where did Arab merchants dominate after the 16th century?

I'm not sure.

Who arrived in the Indian Ocean in the 1600's

I'm not sure.


Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution.

How early did people in the Muslim World start using watermills?

7th century

At what point was the use of watermills common in the Muslim World?

9th century

In what century had mills such as gristmills and sawmills dominate the Islamic world?

11th century

Who invented crankshafts?

Muslim engineers

Who was the inventor of water turbines?

Muslim engineers

What did people in the Muslim world start using in the 700's?

I'm not sure.

Who had watermills by the 1100's?

I'm not sure.

What revolution impacted the medieval Islamic world?

I'm not sure.

Who invented dams?

I'm not sure.


More than 20% of the world's population is Muslim. Current estimates conclude that the number of Muslims in the world is around 1,5 billion. Muslims are the majority in 49 countries, they speak hundreds of languages and come from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Major languages spoken by Muslims include Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Swahili, Hausa, Fula, Berber, Tuareg, Somali, Albanian, Bosnian, Russian, Turkish, Azeri, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Sindhi and Kashmiri, among many others.

What percentage of the humans in the world are considered Muslim?

How many Muslims are believed to live on earth?

1,5 billion

In how many nations are Muslims in the majority of people?

How many languages are spoken by Muslims?

hundreds

What percentage of the world is made up of Muslim nations?

I'm not sure.

How many countries are Muslims the minority in?

I'm not sure.

What languages are spoken by all Muslims?

I'm not sure.


The two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe the true political successor of the Prophet in Sunnah is based on ٍShura (consultation) at the Saqifah which selected Abu Bakr, father of the Prophet's favourite wife, 'A'ishah, to lead the Islamic community while the religious succession ceased to exist on account of finality of Prophethood. Shia on the other hand believe that the true political as well as religious successor is Ali ibn Abi Talib, husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah (designated by the Prophet).

Which Muslim denominations are the most dominant?

Sunni and Shia

What are the two main things differentiating Sunni and Shia?

how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam

Who is believed, among Sunnis,  to be the political successor of the Prophet?

Abu Bakr

Who was Abu Bakr?

father of the Prophet's favourite wife

Who was Ali ibn Abi Talib?

husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatimah

What are two fringe denominations of Islam?

I'm not sure.

What denominations agree on how the faithful should be governed?

I'm not sure.

What do the Sunni consider Ibn Abi Talib to the successor of?

I'm not sure.

What type of sucessor do the Shia believe Abu Bakr was?

I'm not sure.


Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of the Muslim world is unable to read or write, basing that figure on reports from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

What is the literacy rate in Kuwait?

over 97%

In 2015 it was reported that what percentage of the Muslim World was not literate?

What organizations studied literacy in the Muslim World in 2015?

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Which regions have the lowest rate of literacy in the Muslim world?

Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa

What is over 97% across the Muslim world?

I'm not sure.

Who reported that 97% of the Muslim world was iliterate?

I'm not sure.

What did the Organization of Islamic Cooperation report in 2015?

I'm not sure.


Several Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the number of scientific research papers in 10 years with the total number of universities increasing from 115 in 2001 to over 400 in 2012.[citation needed] Saudi Arabia has established the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. United Arab Emirates has invested in Zayed University, United Arab Emirates University, and Masdar Institute of Science and Technology[clarification needed]

Which organization for scientific publications was established in Pakistan in 2002?

Higher Education Commission

How much did the Higher Education Commission impact the number of PhDs in Pakistan?

5-fold increase

How many universities were in Pakistan in 2001?

What science university did Saudi Arabia establish?

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Where is Zayed University?

United Arab Emirates

When did Turkey establish the Higher Education Commission?

I'm not sure.

What type of publication does Pakistan have a signifigant amount of?

I'm not sure.

By how much has Iran increased its PhDs?

I'm not sure.

By how much has Iran increased its number of research papers?

I'm not sure.

What university has the United Arab Emirates established?

I'm not sure.


Encompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architecture, particularly that of the mosque. Through Islamic architecture, effects of varying cultures within Islamic civilization can be illustrated. Generally, the use of Islamic geometric patterns and foliage based arabesques were striking. There was also the use of decorative calligraphy instead of pictures which were haram (forbidden) in mosque architecture. Note that in secular architecture, human and animal representation was indeed present.

What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture?

the mosque

What type of decorations are used in Muslim world decorative art rather than pictures?

decorative calligraphy

What is the definition of haram?

forbidden

Where in Muslim architecture are pictures forbidden?

mosque architecture

Where is one permitted to use representations of humans?

secular architecture

What either has a secular or religious style?

I'm not sure.

What is the tomp an important expression of?

I'm not sure.

Where is decrative calligraphy haram?

I'm not sure.


No Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and attributes that, according to Islam, he revealed to his creation. All but one sura of the Quran begins with the phrase "In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful". Images of Mohammed are likewise prohibited. Such aniconism and iconoclasm can also be found in Jewish and some Christian theology.

Why is depicting God forbidden in the Islamic world?

such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry

What do Muslims believe of the form of God?

God is incorporeal

How many sura's in the Quran begin with "In the name of God?"

All but one

What is the policy in the Muslim world on depicting Mohammed?

prohibited

What other religions might one find depictions of God, or Prophets forbidden?

Jewish and some Christian theology

Why are depictions of God discouraged in Islam?

I'm not sure.

What does one of the Sura in the Quran begin with?

I'm not sure.

What other religions do not have restrictions on depicting God?

I'm not sure.

What prophet is often depicted in the Muslim World?

I'm not sure.


Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives. Another reason why Islamic art is usually abstract is to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God, an objective achieved by arabesque. Islamic calligraphy is an omnipresent decoration in Islamic art, and is usually expressed in the form of Quranic verses. Two of the main scripts involved are the symbolic kufic and naskh scripts, which can be found adorning the walls and domes of mosques, the sides of minbars, and so on.

What is the repetitive use of geometric floral designs known as in Islamic art?

arabesque

Islam forbade types of art found in what religions?

pre-Islamic pagan religions

Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects?

people and animals

In mosques domes may have what kind of scripts decorating them?

kufic and naskh scripts

What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?

to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God

What type of depictions have been forbiden through out the iIslamic World?

I'm not sure.

Who embraces the art of pre-Islamic cultures?

I'm not sure.

What does depictional art represent about God?

I'm not sure.

Who is known for minature depictions of God?

I'm not sure.


Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwoven with alternating sequences of niches and colonnettes. The role of domes in Islamic architecture has been considerable. Its usage spans centuries, first appearing in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock mosque, and recurring even up until the 17th century with the Taj Mahal. And as late as the 19th century, Islamic domes had been incorporated into European architecture.

What are the main distinctive features of Islamic architecture?

ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns

What physical characteristics are common in Islamic architecture?

columns, piers and arches

When did domes first appear in the architecture of the Muslim World?

Which mosque is believed to be the first with a dome?

Dome of the Rock mosque

When was the Taj Mahal constructed?

17th century

What first appeared in Muslim architecture in the 6th century?

I'm not sure.

What mosque was built with a dome in the 6th century?

I'm not sure.

What structure was built using domes in the 1700's?

I'm not sure.

Where were Islamic domes used iin the 1900's?

I'm not sure.


The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the last month has 29 days in usual years but 30 days in leap years. The year of Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina (622 CE) is fixed as the first year of the calendar, and the New Year's Day always falls on the March equinox.

What is another name for the Shamsi Hijri calender?

The Solar Hijri calendar

What is one way to abbreviate the Solar Hiljri calender?

SH

What is the customary calendar of Iran?

the Shamsi Hijri calendar

How many months are in the Shamsi Hijri calendar?

twelve months

What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on?

Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina

What is the modern name for the Solar Hijri calander?

I'm not sure.

What is the official calander of the Islamic world?

I'm not sure.

What calander ends on the vernal equinox?

I'm not sure.

What equinox does the calander end on?

I'm not sure.

What prophets year of birth marks the first year of the calander?

I'm not sure.


In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in Western countries, where restrictions are considered both sexist and oppressive. Some Muslims oppose this charge, and instead declare that the media in these countries presses on women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive, and that this is itself sexist and oppressive.

How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body?

a small minority

What are the restrictions on the dress of Muslim women considered in the West?

sexist and oppressive

Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves?

women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive

In its most strict style what must a woman cover in some Muslim nations?

the face

Who are required to cover their bodies throughout the Muslim world?

I'm not sure.

In what part of the world do Muslims find these restrictions oppressive and sexist?

I'm not sure.

What do westerners believe the media pressures women to do?

I'm not sure.

What type of covering is required of women when living in the West?

I'm not sure.


Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 78.4 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country that has both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. Iran has long been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz.

Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest?

Armenia

What is Iran's land mass in square miles?

636,372 sq mi

How many people live in Iran?

78.4 million

What is the unofficial name for Iran?

Persia

What is Iran's official country name?

the Islamic Republic of Iran


Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the Achaemenid Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. The empire collapsed in 330 BC following the conquests of Alexander the Great. The Parthian Empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the Sassanid Dynasty in 224 AD, under which Iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than four centuries.

What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC?

the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms

When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area?

625 BC

Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC?

Cyrus the Great

When did the Archaemenid Empire collapse?

330 BC

Who ended the Archaemenid Empire by conquest in 330 BC?

Alexander the Great


In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became a major contributor to the Islamic Golden Age, producing many influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. Establishment of the Safavid Dynasty in 1501, converted the Iranian people from Sunni Islam to Twelver Shia Islam, and made Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of Iran. Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism marked one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history. Starting in 1736 under Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time. During the 19th century, Iran irrevocably lost swaths of its territories in the Caucasus which made part of the concept of Iran for centuries, to neighboring Imperial Russia. Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a constitutional monarchy and the country's first Majles (parliament). Following a coup d'état instigated by the U.K. and the U.S. in 1953, Iran gradually became close allies with the United States and the rest of the West, remained secular, but grew increasingly autocratic. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression culminated in the 1979 Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979.

What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran?

633 AD

What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran?

651 AD

What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to?

Sunni Islam

Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century?

Imperial Russia

What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979?

1979 Revolution


Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas supply in the world and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves. Iran's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 19 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the fourth-largest number in Asia and 12th-largest in the world.

What city is Iran's capital?

Tehran

What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?

natural gas

What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world?

proven oil reserves

How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have?

How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets?

through its large reserves of fossil fuels


The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian *arya- (meaning "Aryan," i.e., "of the Iranians"), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European *ar-yo-, meaning "skillful assembler." In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic: Ирон – Iron).

What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded?

What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians?

Parthian

What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?"

*ar-yo-

What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran?

Ērān

What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages?

the gentilic